Creating a Class That Participates in an Automatic Transaction

Problem

You need to create a .NET class that participates in automatic transactions.

Solution

Use the appropriate custom attributes from the System.EnterpriseServices namespace.

The sample contains a component that participates in automatic transactions. The component has a single method, TranTest( ) , that instructs the transaction to succeed or fail based on an argument success .

The sample also contains code that instantiates the component that participates in the automatic transaction. A checkbox on the form is used to specify the success parameter when the TranTest( ) method is called.

The C# code is shown in Examples Example 6-1 and Example 6-2.

Example 6-1. ServicedComponentCS Project File: SC0601.cs

// Namespaces, variables, and constants using System.EnterpriseServices; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using System.Reflection; // . . . namespace AdoDotNetCookbookCS.ServicedComponentCS { [Transaction(TransactionOption.Required)] public class SC0601 : ServicedComponent { [AutoComplete] public void TranTest(bool success) { // . . . Do some work. if(success) { // don't need the next line since AutoComplete // ContextUtil.SetComplete( ); } else { // Vote to abort. ContextUtil.SetAbort( ); // Raise an exception. throw new System.Exception( "Error in Serviced Component 0601. " + "Transaction aborted."); } } } }

Example 6-2. File: AutoTransactionForm.cs

// Namespaces, variables, and constants using System; using System.Windows.Forms; using AdoDotNetCookbookCS.ServicedComponentCS; // . . . SC0601 sc = new SC0601( ); try { sc.TranTest(transactionSucceedCheckBox.Checked); MessageBox.Show("Transaction successful.", "Automatic Transactions", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); } catch(Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "Automatic Transactions", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); }

Discussion

The .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) supports both manual and automatic transaction models. The automatic distributed transaction model supported by the .NET CLR is the same as that supported by Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) and COM+. The .NET Framework provides support for transactional components through the EnterpriseServices namespace that provides .NET objects with access to COM+ services.

There are two key benefits to automatic transactions:

• They support distributed transactions that span multiple remote databases and multiple resource managers.
• Objects participating in automatic transactions do not need to anticipate how they might be used within a transaction. A client can perform different tasks with multiple objects, all in the context of a single transaction, without the participating objects being aware of the transaction.

The main drawback is:

• Additional overhead because of the interaction with the Distributed Transaction Coordinator (DTC) and the resulting reduction in performance.

During the lifetime of an automatic transaction, the objects participating in it can vote to either commit the transaction they are participating in by calling the static SetComplete( ) method of the ContextUtil class or to abort the transaction by calling the static SetAbort( ) method of the ContextUtil class. In the absence of an explicit vote, the default is to commit the transaction. The transaction is committed once it completes if none of the participating objects have voted to abort.

Alternatively, you can apply the AutoCompleteAttribute attribute to a transactional method. This attribute instructs .NET to vote to commit the transaction, provided no exceptions are encountered in the method. If an unhandled exception is thrown, the transaction is automatically rolled back.

The .NET Framework classes must be prepared before they can participate in an automatic transaction. Once an object is marked to participate in a transaction, it will automatically execute within a transaction. The object's transactional behavior is controlled by the value of the transaction attribute for the .NET class, ASP.NET page, or XML web service method using the object. This allows the instantiated object to be configured programmatically to participate automatically in an existing transaction, to start a new transaction, or to not participate in a transaction. The following steps prepare a class to participate in an automatic transaction:

1. Derive the class from the ServicedComponent class in the System.EnterprisesServices namespace.
2. Apply the declarative TransactionAttribute to the class and specify the transaction behavior, timeout, and isolation level. This is a value from the TransactionOption enumeration described in Table 6-1.

Table 6-1. TransactionOption Enumeration

1. Optionally annotate methods with the AutoComplete attribute so that the methods do not have to explicitly vote for a transaction outcome.
2. Sign the assembly with a strong name . Use the sn.exe utility to create a key pair using the following syntax:

   sn -k MyApp.snk

   Add the AssemblyKeyFileAttribute or AssemblyKeyNameAttribute assembly attribute to specify the file containing the key pair. The following code is used in the solution to sign the assembly:

   [assembly: AssemblyDelaySign(false)] [assembly: AssemblyKeyFile( @"C:ADOCookbookCSServicedComponentCS" + "AdoDotNetCookbookCSServicedComponent.snk")] [assembly: AssemblyKeyName("AdoDotNetCookbookCSServicedComponent")]

3. Register the assembly containing the class with the COM+ catalog by executing the .NET Services Registration Tool ( regsvcs.exe ) with the following syntax:

   regsvcs /appname:MyApp MyAssembly.dll

   This step isn't strictly required. If a client calling the class is managed by the CLR, the registration will be performed automatically.