The Art of Assembly Language

P

packed

array data, 173

bit strings, 55

data, 55, 60

date format

long (32 bits), 57

short (16 bits), 55

fields, 61

interface, 373

records, 184

structures, 63

type, 64

under USB, 394

packed bit strings in C, 58

packing and unpacking data, 60

padding bytes, 184

before an array, 172

in an array, 172

page table

dirty bit, 311

entries, 311

entry cache control bit, 335

inverted, 312

multilevel, 310, 312

paging, 309

parallel communications, 349

Parallel Interface, SCSI (SPI), 369

parallel port, 330, 349

acknowledge line, 350

busy line, 350

PC, 349

strobe line, 349

transmission of data, 350

parallel processing, 255

parallelism, 257

Pascal

dispose memory deallocation operator, 321

hexadecimal representation, 16

new memory allocation operator, 321

records in, 181

unions, 186

Pascal programming language, 5

patch board programming, 226

patch panel programming, 227

paths to memory, 247

PC cards (flash memory), 364

PCI (Peripheral Connection Interface) bus, 314, 336, 338

burst mode on, 340

connection, 339

performance, 339

PCI-X bus, 340, 341

PDAs, 397

peer-to-peer

buses, 369

connections, 391

performance

file access, 386

improving file I/O, 386

ISA bus, 340

jump instructions and program, 243

memory subsystems, 300

prefetch queue, 242

registers and program, 300

USB, 392

periods

I/O devices, 343

system clock, 150

Peripheral Connection Interface. See PCI

peripheral devices, 313, 347

NUMA and, 313

time-outs on, 343

physical address, 309

physical organization of memory, 137

pipeline, 243, 244

flushing, 247

hazards, 249

instruction execution in, 245

stages in a CPU, 244

stall, 246-47

platter

hard disk assembly, 355

hard disk media, 353

recording on, 354

tracks and sectors, 353

plug-and-play devices, 390

pointer, 321

accessing, 159

addition, 165-66

anonymous variables , 164

arithmetic, 163-65

base addresses, 165

comparing, 164, 168

dynamic memory allocation, 164

functions

delete , 164

dispose , 164

free , 164

malloc , 164

new , 164

sizeof , 164

heap region, 164

implementation, 163

references, 317

register, 228, 320

restrictions, 168

subtraction, 167

types, 162

pointing devices, 396

coordinates, 396

strain gauges, 397

trackpoint , 397

polled I/O, 344

polling on USB, round- robin , 392

port, 330, 332

access

Linux, 345

Windows, 345

acknowledge line, parallel, 350

bidirectional, 332

busy line, parallel, 350

classification, I/O, 330

connecting to system, 333

D flip-flops as output, 333

data transmission via parallel, 350

dual I/O, 332

I/O, 330, 331

outputting data to, 330, 333

parallel printer, 330

PC parallel, 349

receiving data via parallel, 350

S/R flip-flops as output, 333

serial, 351

strobe line, parallel, 349

time-outs on an I/O, 343

write-only, 330-31

positional notation system, 11

positional numbering system, 12

decimal, 13

efficiency of, 12

postulates (Boolean), 192

powers of two, 26

powerset, 120

pragmas, 184

preallocation of file blocks, 387

precedence in Boolean expression

logical AND, 194

logical NOT, 194

logical OR, 194

precision floating-point formats, extended, 71

prefetch

events, 242

queue, 238-42

and wide buses, 243

prefix byte, 279

on 80 —86, 280

opcode, 279-80

price/performance of semiconductor disks, 366

principle of duality, 194

printer

devices under USB, 396

ports, parallel, 330

procedural programming langauges, 5

process address space, 312

processing, parallel, 255

processor

68000, 143

Crusoe, 255

memory interface, 32-bit, 142

size , 135

small accesses on non-80 —86, 143

—86-64, AMD, 135

Y86 hypothetical, 267

product of maxterms

canonical form, 203

representation, 199

program sections

BSS, 319

constant, 319

read-only, 319

static data, 319

program performance

jump instructions and, 243

registers and, 300

program status word, 232

programmed I/O, 336

programming

audio devices, 403

patch board, 226

patch panel, 227

programming language

ADA, 5

C/C++, 5

FORTRAN, 5

imperative, 5

Modula-2, 5

Pascal, 5

procedural, 5

properties of binary numbers , 25

protected memory, 309

protected mode

and I/O, 345

operating systems, 346

operation and device drivers, 345

protection, memory, 309

protection fault, general, 317

protocol,

SCSI, 369

USB, 392

pseudo-dynamic strings, 116, 117

punctuation symbols in ASCII, 105

put instruction (Y86), 270