The Art of Assembly Language

R

radix, 12-13

radix point, 13

RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks), 358

Level 0, 358

Level 1, 358

systems, 358

RAM disks, 365

semiconductor, 365

software-based, 366

RAMBUS DRAM (RDRAM), 297

random access on disk drive, 386

random cache replacement policy, 307

random logic CPU design, 228

rates, 338

rational representation of fractional values, 38

RDRAM (RAMBUS DRAM), 297

read control line, 136

read cycle, 151

read operation, 138, 151, 153

read/modify/write instructions, 334

read/write

heads, hard disk drive, 355

I/O ports, 331

operations, tape, 362

ports, 331

reading

from memory, 138

truth tables, 46

read-only

ports, 330

sections in a program, 319

real data type (FORTRAN), 72

real estate and CPU design, 260

receiving data via a parallel port, 350

record, 181

activation, 320

aligning fields, 184

application binary interface, 184

base address, 183

C/C++, 182

case variant, 147

difference between unions and records/structs, 187

dot operator, 183

fields, 181

HLA, 182

length, 184

memory storage, 183

packed, 184

padding bytes, 184

Pascal

case variant record, 186

declarations, 181

Pascal/Delphi, 181

variant section, 186

recorders , digital audio, 401

recording on a hard disk drive, 354

records and structs

dot operator, 183

memory storage of, 183

rectangle, 208

in Boolean truth map, 206

formed by ones, 207

redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID), 358

reel-to-reel tape drives , 363

reference

locality of, 153, 300

NULL pointer, 317

spatial locality of, 153, 298, 300

temporal locality of, 153

temporality of, 298

reference counting for strings, 117

reg field

in 80 —86 instruction encoding, 282

encodings, 282

reg values for 80 —86 scaled indexed addressing modes, 285

register

condition codes, 232

electronic implementation, 222

flags, 232

instruction pointer, 228

in memory hierarchy, 296

program performance and, 300

shift, 222

stack pointer, 320

register built from D flip-flops, 4-bit shift, 223

register implemented with eight D flip-flops, 8-bit, 222

register renaming, 254

register values

for sib encoding, 285

for sib encoding, base, 285

relative coordinate pointing devices, 396

relative performance of memory subsystems, 300

replacement policy

LRU (least recently used) cache, 306

random cache, 307

representation

arrays in memory, 172

base-8, 18

binary, 11

binary-coded decimal (BCD), 31

in a byte, BCD data, 31-32

of character sets, list, 120

of character sets, powerset, 120

converting

between decimal and binary, 14

between hexadecimal and binary, 17

between octal and binary, 18

dates, 55

English, of numeric quantities , 10

fixed-point, 33-34

floating-point, 80

of fractional values, rational, 38

hexadecimal, 10, 15

hexadecimal digit, 22

HLA character set, 120

HLA hexadecimal, 16

internal and external numeric, 10

internal numeric, 21

MASM hexadecimal, 16

numeric, 9, 10, 21

octal, 10

Pascal hexadecimal, 16

powersets, character set, 120

product of maxterms, 199

rational, 38

Roman numeral, 10

sum of minterms, 199

tally-slash numeric, 11

using scaled formats, fractional, 35

Visual Basic hexadecimal, 16

right associative operators, 194

RISC CPU memory access, 144, 157

rising edge of a clock, 150

robotic jukebox (optical storage), 360

ROM, microcode , 229

Roman numeral representation, 10

rotational latency, 356

rotational speed, 353

round down floating-point operation, 77

round up floating-point operation, 77

rounding, 77

after floating-point calculation, 67

floating-point arithmetic, IEEE, 84

floating-point results, 77

to nearest floating-point operation, 77

round- robin polling on USB, 392

routine, interrupt service, 345

row-major ordering, 175-76

RPM (revolutions per minute), 353

RS-232 serial communications, 351

rules for binary addition, 40

run-time memory organization, Windows, 316