Maya 4.5 Fundamentals

2017-07-07 02:10:07

Before you can change or delete a scene element, you need to be able to select it. As scenes become populated with many objects, it can get surprisingly difficult to select the items you want to focus on. Fortunately, Maya offers a variety of selection options.

Single Selections

A click of the mouse on an object selects it. If the object is displayed as a wireframe, you must click on a line. The wireframe changes color to indicate it's selected; by default, this color is green. If the object is displayed in Shaded mode, you can click anywhere on its surface to select it. The shaded object's wireframe is displayed to indicate when it's selected. Clicking anywhere that's not on a line (in Wireframe mode) or not on a surface or other scene element (in Shaded mode) deselects everything.

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If you find yourself unable to select other objects in Maya, you're probably in Component Editing mode, as shown in Figure 3.2. Note that the selection mask icons in the Status Line have changed, and the word Components appears in the space that normally says "All Objects," for example. Maya has locked the object as the selection and is expecting you to select parts of the object; for example, you might be selecting and moving an object's control points to reshape it. To get out of this mode, press the F8 key, a toggle for Object mode and Component mode. You'll use it frequently in the modeling chapters of this book.

Figure 3.2. When you see purple dots or lines, and you can't select other objects, you're probably in Component Editing mode.

Adding and Subtracting Selections

You have the following options for adding and subtracting selections:

Toggling the selection Use the Shift key to select and deselect objects. Each click on the same object toggles its selection. The last object selected is a unique color (green by default), and the other selected objects indicate their selection by a color change in the wireframe (white by default).

Subtracting from a selection Ctrl+clicking on an object (or Ctrl+ marquee selecting over multiple objects) in the viewport always deselects.

Adding to a selection Shift+Ctrl+click (or Shift+Ctrl+marquee selecting over multiple objects) always selects objects.

Inverting the selection Shift+clicking on an object (or Shift+marquee selecting over multiple objects) reverses its selection state.

Edit Menu Selection Options

There are some helpful selection options under the Edit menu. Select All selects all scene elements, including lights, cameras , and objects. Select All by Type allows you to select all elements of a given type, such as lights or geometry (all objects).

Select Invert is useful to reverse a selection, but all scene elements are included in the reversal, even if all your viewports are set to not display certain items, such as cameras. However, there are two ways to hide objects from view and from editing: You can use the Display Hide menu choice to hide an object or objects or to globally hide all lights or cameras. Another method is to toggle the visibility of entire layers in the Layer Editor to hide groups of scene elements. We'll demonstrate this technique in Chapter 5, "NURBS Modeling Basics."

Marquee Selecting Objects

An easy way to select several objects at once is to LMB-click, hold, and drag. A drawn rectangle ”the marquee ”appears to indicate a rectangular selection. Any object that even slightly overlaps the marquee will be selected when you release the mouse button.

Lasso Selecting Objects

Sometimes a rectangle is not the best shape for selection. Your scene objects might require a more complicated selection shape for elements that overlap or are arranged more haphazardly. In these cases, you can select objects with a Lasso tool ”a free-form drawn boundary. The Lasso Select icon appears in the Tool Box just below the Select (Arrow) icon. As with marquee selections, any object that slightly overlaps the shape you draw will be selected. The hotkey for this tool is Ctrl+q , worth memorizing for when the Tool Box is hidden.

Quick Selection

As you create objects, you should name them to make it easier to navigate through your scene. Another benefit of naming objects is that Maya includes a tool to pick objects with wildcards: the Numeric Input tool, at the far right of the Status Line. You might need to collapse some of the Status Line options (click on the vertical line dividers ) to see this area. To use this tool with wildcards to select objects, click the down-arrow icon next to the entry area to choose the Selection by Name mode.

There are two kinds of wildcards: * and ?. The * stands for any number of characters , and the ? stands for a single character. So if you have objects named

front_tire

front_tire01

rear_tire

rear_tire_right

side_tire

front_right_head_light

You would use wildcards as shown here:

You can select items 3 and 4 with rear* .

You can select items 1, 3, and 5 with *tire .

You can select items 4 and 6 with *right* .

You can select items 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 with *tire* .

You can select items 3 and 5 with ?????tire .

Keep this in mind as you name your scene elements; making careful choices about a name's prefix or suffix can make it easier to select the groups you need to work on.

Quick Select Sets

Another helpful tool is the Quick Select Set. These are named selections of objects or other scene elements that work like a bookmark. To create one, choose Create Sets Quick Select Set. In the dialog box that opens (see Figure 3.3), you can enter the name of the set. Be sure to use Maya "legal" naming, meaning you should avoid spaces and characters other than letters , numbers , and the underscore , and don't start the name with a number. To use this named selection later, choose Edit Quick Select Sets on the menu bar, and all the named sets will appear for you to select from. To delete or rename your selection sets, use the Outliner, which is described in the section "Selection from a List: The Outliner."

Figure 3.3. The Create Quick Select Set dialog box.

Selection Masks

When you are in Object Selection mode, a set of buttons appears on the Status Line for limiting what can be selected in the viewports with clicks, marquees, and lassos. Each button contains several subtypes that can be individually enabled or disabled by RMB-clicking on the icon. For example, if you'd like to be able to pick everything but lights, RMB-click on the Select by Object Type-Rendering button, and then uncheck Lights in the list that appears, as shown in Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4. RMB-clicking on any of these Selection Mask buttons displays the subtypes that are included.

Selection from a List: The Outliner

You can also select and deselect objects from a list that shows every scene element by name. This dialog box, called the Outliner, is activated by choosing Window Outliner on the menu bar. In the Outliner, selected items have a gray bar over them. You can select and deselect in groups just as you do in Windows lists: Click a node, and then Shift+click somewhere else in the list to select an entire range, or Ctrl+click to select items that aren't adjacent. If you simply click on an item, all the others are deselected. Another option is to click and drag up or down to select everything in the drag range (and deselect your previous selection). Selecting in the Outliner works even when selection masks (described in the previous section) prevent you from clicking on an item. You'll use the Outliner extensively in Chapter 5.