CGI Programming with Perl

2017-07-07 02:10:07

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#PCDATA: 14.3. Document Type Definition

packages

package function, declaring Perl module package: 5.5.4. Custom Module
in Perl: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax

padding fields, character data types: 10.3.1. Creating a Database

param method: 5.2.2. Accessing Parameters

6.3.1. Syntax
file upload element, using as file handle: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm
index keywords, retrieving: 5.2.2.3. Index queries
uploaded files, accessing names of: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

parameters

clearing all: 5.2.2.1. Modifying parameters

cookies: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies

restrictions applying to: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies

email addresses, passing through shells as: 9.1.1. Mailers and Shells

exporting to namespaces: 5.2.3. Exporting Parameters to a Namespace

forms

capturing to offline file: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
CGI.pm module, prompting for: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line
passing as arguments to CGI scripts: 15.3.3. Running Scripts from the Command Line

looping as conditions: 6.3.1.2. Conditionals

modifying within CGI script: 5.2.2.1. Modifying parameters

passing without equal sign (=): 4.3. Decoding Form Input

parent processes: 8.2.4. fork and exec

parentheses () after XML element names: 14.3. Document Type Definition

parse_form_data (example script): 4.3. Decoding Form Input

parsers

HTML static documents: 6.3. HTML::Template

XML

different ways of parsing: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
syntax, simplicity of: 14.2. An Introduction to XML
validation rules, separating from: 14.3. Document Type Definition
writing: 14.4. Writing an XML Parser
XML::Parser: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware
XML::Parser module: 14.3. Document Type Definition

parsing

CGI output with SSI: 6.2. Server Side Includes

cookies with CGI.pm: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies

HTML documents: 14.2. An Introduction to XML

inserting identifiers, code for: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
for links: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
for Perl code: 6.4. Embperl

URL encoding: 2.1.3. URL Encoding

XML documents

tag and: 14.3. Document Type Definition
without DTDs: 14.3. Document Type Definition

partial headers: 3.3.1. Partial Headers

Location header: 3.3.1.2. Forwarding to another URL
Status header: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

passwords: 2.4.2.10. WWW-Authenticate

401 status code responses, asking for: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
attributes, password fields: 4.2.3.2. Password fields
encrypted, in user file: 2.3.2.4. Authorization
GET requests, including for: 4.2.3.2. Password fields
Password element: 7.2.1.1. Validating elements
password fields, representing with characters: 4.2.3.2. Password fields

paths

cgi in URL: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory

default, Apache installation: 1.4. Web Server Configuration

filenames, varying delimiters among operating systems: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

filesystem, providing for files included in templates: 6.3.1.3. Including other files

full, creating to files: 12.2. Searching One by One, Take Two

full vs. relative in relative URLs: 2.1.2. Absolute and Relative URLs

index: 12.3.1. Search Application

default: 12.3. Inverted Index Search
specifying to: 12.3. Inverted Index Search

invalid, to interpreted scripting languages: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang

to sendmail program from procmail: 9.7.1. Autoreply from nobody

URLs: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL

12.3.1. Search Application
extra information, maintaining state with: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
for CGI scripts: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL
passing unique identifiers as extra information: 11. Maintaining State
protectedNews module (example): 2.3.2.4. Authorization
relative vs. full: 2.1.2. Absolute and Relative URLs

virtual paths: 1.4.1.1. Configuring by directory

Windows system files, browser handling of: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

PATH_TRANSLATED environment variable: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information

PDF (Portable Document Format): 13.1.4. PDF

Image::Magick module, support for: 13.5.3. PDF and PostScript Support

PDK (Perl Development Kit), obtaining from ActiveState web site: 15.3.5.3. ActiveState Perl debugger

peformance, Perl CGI programs

Perl techniques for improving

localizing variables with my: 17.1.3. Localize Variables with my
SelfLoader module, using: 17.1.6. SelfLoader
shell, avoiding: 17.1.8. Avoid the Shell
slurping, avoiding: 17.1.4. Avoid Slurping
undef vs. (): 17.1.5. undef Versus ( )

percent sign (%)

hashes, use of: 12.3.1. Search Application

14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware

URL-encoded characters: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server

decoding: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
representing: 2.1.3. URL Encoding

performance and temporary files, named vs. anonymous: 10.1.3.2. Named temporary files

performance, Perl CGI programs

Perl techniques for improving: 17.1. Basic Perl Tips, Top Ten

autouse feature: 17.1.7. autouse
benchmarking code: 17.1.1. Benchmark Your Code
benchmarking modules: 17.1.2. Benchmark Modules, Too
existing solutions, finding: 17.1.9. Find Existing Solutions for Your Problems
regular expressions, using: 17.1.10. Regular Expressions

period (.) or dash (-), starting filenames with: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

perl interpreter: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

(see also interpreters)
embedding within web server: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

Perl language

aliases for imported symbols: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax

buffering output to STDOUT for web server: 3.1.1.2. STDOUT

capitalization conventions: 16.2. Coding Guidelines

CGI (see CGI programs, CGI)

chr function, converting hexadecimal values to characters: 2.1.3. URL Encoding

coding techniques, avoiding bugs with: 15.2. Perl Coding Techniques

binmode, use of: 15.2.7. Use binmode
checking status of system calls: 15.2.2. Check Status of System Calls
file locking: 15.2.5. File Locking
strict module, using: 15.2.1. Use strict
unbuffering output stream: 15.2.6. Unbuffer Output Stream
using with Tk via Tk.pm: 15.3.5.2. ptkdb

commands in Embperl documents, surrounding with brackets: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks

data structures

printing with Data::Dumper module: 15.3.4. Dumping Variables
related URLs and subsequent related URLs: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware

data types (see data types)

DBI, using with: 10.4. DBI

DBM files, storing as objects in: 10.2.2. MLDBM

debugger: 15.3.5. Debuggers

15.3.5.3. ActiveState Perl debugger
(see also debugging)
ActiveState debugger: 15.3.5.3. ActiveState Perl debugger
documentation for: 15.3.5.1. The Perl debugger

default input record separator ($/): 12.3. Inverted Index Search

embedding within Apache web server: 17.3. mod_perl

Embperl module, shifting Perl code into HTML documents: 6.4. Embperl

end-of-line characters, translating to \\\\n: 5.2.4. File Uploads with CGI.pm

FastCGI and: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

forking: 8.2.3. Security Strategies

functions vs. methods: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax

grep function: 12.2. Searching One by One, Take Two

here documents: 5.4.2. Here Documents

libraries, storing in site_perl directory: 5.5.4. Custom Module

linefeeds and carriage returns on different operating systems: 3.3.1.1. Outputting documents

list vs. scalar context: 2.4.2.4. Date

mailers: 9.6. Perl Mailers

modules: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information

B. Perl Modules
Apache::ASP: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
CGIBook::UserTracker: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information
creating your own: 5.5.4. Custom Module
HTML::Mason module: 6.5. Mason
LWP module: 8.2.5. Trusting the Browser
open source: 1.3.1. Why Perl?
standard Perl script vs.: 5.5.4. Custom Module
WDDX.pm: 7.3.1. WDDX
XML::Parser: 14.3. Document Type Definition

newsgroups: A.6. Newsgroups

packages: 5.1.3. Standard and Object-Oriented Syntax

performance of CGI scripts, improving: 17.1. Basic Perl Tips, Top Ten

autouse feature: 17.1.7. autouse
benchmarking: 17.1.1. Benchmark Your Code
existing solutions, finding: 17.1.9. Find Existing Solutions for Your Problems
localizing variables with my: 17.1.3. Localize Variables with my
regular expressions, using: 17.1.10. Regular Expressions
SelfLoader module, using: 17.1.6. SelfLoader
shell, avoiding: 17.1.8. Avoid the Shell
slurping, avoiding: 17.1.4. Avoid Slurping
undef vs. (): 17.1.5. undef Versus ( )

pipes to external programs: 8.2.2. User Input and the Shell

PPM (Perl Package Manager): 10.4.1. Using DBI

printing, STDOUT and: 1.2. Introduction to CGI

qq// operator: 5.4.2. Here Documents

quotemeta function: 12.2. Searching One by One, Take Two

scalar representations of array references: 4.3. Decoding Form Input

STDERR, not buffering: 3.1.1.3. STDERR

storage locations, different operating systems: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang

syntax errors, checking with -wc switch: 15.1.4. "Malformed" Header

taint mode: 8.4. Perl's Taint Mode

common problems with: 8.4.5. Common Problems with Taint Mode
data monitored by: 8.4.2. What Is Monitored by Taint Mode
how it works: 8.4.1. How Taint Works
reasons for using: 8.4.4. Why Use Taint Mode?
removing taint: 8.4.3. How Taintedness Is Removed

text files (see text files)

tie mechanism: 10.1.1.1. flock

turning on warnings and taint checking: 1.2.1. Sample CGI

underscore (_), use in: 16.2. Coding Guidelines

version, getting with -v flag: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang

XML::Parser library, online information: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware

perldoc (documentation viewer): B.2. perldoc

PerlEx module: 17. Efficiency and Optimization

PerlMagick module (see Image::Magick module: 13.5. PerlMagick

permanent moves, URLs of requested resources: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

permissions

applications, CGI errors and: 15.1.1. Application Permissions

CGI programs

checking: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
configuring web server to set: 3.1. The CGI Environment
execute, turning offf: 1.4.1.2. Configuring by extension
forbidden (403 status code): 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

email users, security risks of: 9.1.2. False Identities

files

changing with chmod command: 15.1.1. Application Permissions
data storage: 8.5.3. File Permissions
server running as user: 10.1.2. Write Permissions

hash files, read/write: 10.2.1. DB_File

text files, writing to: 10.1.2. Write Permissions

phone directory interface (consolidated), using CGI middleware: 14. Middleware and XML

PHP programming language: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

physical text wrapping: 4.2.5. The <TEXTAREA> Tag

PID, checking for child processes: 15.2.3. Is It Open?

pie charts

commute_pie.cgi script: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
creating with GD::Graph::pie module: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
three dimensional, creating with GD::Graph::pie3d: 13.4.3. GD::Graph3D

pipes

email messages through Perl scripts: 9.7.2. Forwarding to Another User

to external applications: 8.2.1. Calling External Applications

checking execution within: 15.2.3. Is It Open?
mail clients: 9.1.1. Mailers and Shells
replacing with fork: 8.2.4. fork and exec
security risks: 8.2.2. User Input and the Shell

opening to fgrep command for reading: 12.1. Searching One by One

processes, checking status with kill function: 15.2.3. Is It Open?

pipes (|), delimiting files with: 10.1.4. Delimiters

plain buttons: 4.2.3.9. Plain buttons

plus sign (+)

encoding spaces in URLs: 2.1.3. URL Encoding
keywords, separating in queries: 5.2.2.3. Index queries
replacing spaces in URL text: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
XML elements: 14.3. Document Type Definition

PNG images: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser

Chart::PNGgraph: 13.4.2. GD::Graph
converting to GIF or JPEG: 13.5.2. Converting PNGs to GIFs or JPEGs
features, added over GIF: 13.1.2. PNG
generating with GD module: 13.3. Generating PNGs with GD
linking to HTML pages: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser

point and line charts combination, creating with GD::Graph::linespoints module: 13.4.2. GD::Graph

point charts, creating with GD::Graph::points module: 13.4.2. GD::Graph

pointers to directories, CGI application organization and: 16.1.2. Use Directories to Organize Your Projects

port numbers: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL

ommitting in URLs: 2.1.2. Absolute and Relative URLs

Portable Network Graphic image format (see PNG images)

POSIX module: 10.1.3.2. Named temporary files

POST requests: 2.3.1.4. POST

300-level status code responses to: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes
Content-length and Content-type fields: 2.3.2.2. Content-Length
Content-length header, referring to: 3.1.1.1. STDIN
form data to URLs with keywords: 5.2.2.3. Index queries
limiting size of: 5.1.1. Denial of Service Attacks
mailing list form (example): 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
options, including in: 4.1. Sending Data to the Server
query strings, accessing from URLs: 4.3. Decoding Form Input
query strings and: 5.2.2.2. POST and the query string
query_string method and: 5.2.1.4. query_string
URL tampering and: 8.2.5. Trusting the Browser

PostScript image file format: 13.5.3. PDF and PostScript Support

pound-bang (#!) line: 15.1.2. The Pound-Bang

-c flag and: 15.3.1. Check Syntax

PPM (Perl Package Manager): 10.4.1. Using DBI

Pragma: no-cache header: 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking

pragmas

coding style guide, covering in: 16.2. Coding Guidelines
depending on variable scope, Embperl module: 6.4.2.2. Variable scope

preferences for web document use, storing as cookies: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies

prefixes, removing from words: 12.3. Inverted Index Search

prepare command, passing SQL query to: 10.4.1.3. Database querying

print statements

generating HTML output with: 5.4.1. Lots of print Statements
here documents: 1.2.1. Sample CGI

printenv command: 6.2.2. Format

printing

Embperl blocks: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks

HTTP headers in error handling: 5.5.3. Error Subroutines

image files, determining increments: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser

multiple items in lists: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements

Perl data structures with Data::Dumper: 15.3.4. Dumping Variables

related URLs: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware

Set-Cookie header: 11.3.1. Setting Cookies

status codes with Status header: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

to STDOUT: 1.2. Introduction to CGI

3.1.1.2. STDOUT

tag: 5.3.3. Standard HTML Elements

variable values: 15.3.4. Dumping Variables

process identifier (PID): 8.2.4. fork and exec

processes

child processes

checking PID of: 15.2.3. Is It Open?
creating with pipe connected: 8.2.4. fork and exec

creating separate to handle CGI scripts: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

local, as clients: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers

parent processes: 8.2.4. fork and exec

in pipes, checking status with kill function: 15.2.3. Is It Open?

remote, as servers: 14.1. Communicating with Other Servers

processing images, Image::Magick module: 13.5.4. Image Processing

procmail: 9.7. procmail

forwarding email messages to another user: 9.7.2. Forwarding to Another User

program logic, bracket pairs in Embperl: 6.4.2.1. Embperl code blocks

programming in the large (see strategic programming)

programming languages

ASP, support for: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI
code file extensions: 2.6.2. Internationalization
content negotiation and: 2.6. Content Negotiation
exchanging data between: 7.3.1. WDDX
interpreted languages, delays caused by: 17. Efficiency and Optimization
negotiation for static documents: 2.6.2. Internationalization

programs, CGI

503 Service Unavailable status responses: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

address book: 10.4.2.2. Address book CGI script

application (example): 1.2.1. Sample CGI

architectural guidelines (see architectural guidelines, CGI programs)

bookmarklets, using with: 7.4.2. Bookmarklets and CGI

buffering, server handling of: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers

configuring: 1.4.1. Configuring CGI Scripts

1.4.1.2. Configuring by extension

Content-type field, use in: 2.4.2.3. Content-Type

cookies, testing for: 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies

cookie_test.cgi script: 11.3.2. Testing for Cookies

current_time.cgi script: 6.3.1. Syntax

data, converting to JavaScript: 7.3.1. WDDX

debugging (see debugging)

15.3.5.3. ActiveState Perl debugger
common errors: 15.1. Common Errors
debugging tools: 15.3. Debugging Tools
Perl coding techniques for avoiding bugs: 15.2. Perl Coding Techniques

development (see development, CGI programs)

coding guidelines: 16.2. Coding Guidelines

disabling file uploads and limiting POST request size: 5.1.1. Denial of Service Attacks

dynamic generation of web server response: 1.2. Introduction to CGI

efficiency and optimization: 17. Efficiency and Optimization

FastCGI, using: 17.2. FastCGI
mod_perl, using: 17.3. mod_perl
Perl techniques for: 17.1. Basic Perl Tips, Top Ten

email, sending with: 9. Sending Email

email addresses: 9.2. Email Addresses
procmail: 9.7. procmail
security: 9.1. Security
structure of Internet email: 9.3. Structure of Internet Email

embedding output from: 6.2.6. Executing CGI Programs

embpcgi.pl script: 6.4.1.3. embpcgi.pl

encoding/decoding tab-delimited data and end-of-line characters: 10.1.4. Delimiters

env_info.cgi script: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables

output: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables

environment variables: 3.2. Environment Variables

examples: 1.2.1. Sample CGI
listing for specific web server: 3.2.2. Examining Environment Variables

examples: 3.4. Examples

image hijacking, restricting: 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking
image, sending after checking browser media formats: 3.4.1. Check the Client Browser
user authentication and identification: 3.4.2. User Authentication and Identification

feedback_sendmail.cgi script: 9.4.1. Command-Line Options

file handles: 3.1.1. File Handles

gateway to XML middleware: 14.5. CGI Gateway to XML Middleware

graphic images, creating: 13. Creating Graphics on the Fly

image data, outputting: 13.2. Outputting Image Data
mixed graphs (commute_mixed.cgi): 13.4.2. GD::Graph
pie charts (commute_pie.cgi): 13.4.2. GD::Graph

grep_search1.cgi script: 12.1. Searching One by One

how they work: 3. The Common Gateway Interface

HTML, alternatives for outputting: 5.4. Alternatives for Generating Output

HTTP header lines, returning: 1.2. Introduction to CGI

indexed_search.cgi script: 12.3.1. Search Application

music_browser.cgi script: 7.3.2. Example

output: 3.3. CGI Output

complete (non-parsed) headers: 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers
partial headers: 3.3.1. Partial Headers
printing to STDOUT: 3.1.1.2. STDOUT

parameters

accessing: 5.2.2. Accessing Parameters
modifying within: 5.2.2.1. Modifying parameters

parse_form_data (example): 4.3. Decoding Form Input

parsing HTML documents and inserting identifiers: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information

permissions to run, forbidden (403) status code and: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

requests for static HTML page, handling

unique identifiers: 11.1. Query Strings and Extra Path Information

security: 8. Security

encryption: 8.3. Encryption
trusting browsers: 8.2.5. Trusting the Browser
user input, handling: 8.2. Handling User Input

separate process, requirement for execution: 1.3.2. Alternatives to CGI

shoppe.cgi: 11.2. Hidden Fields

checkout page: 11.2. Hidden Fields
shopping cart page: 11.2. Hidden Fields
welcome page: 11.2. Hidden Fields

SSL/TLS connections and: 2.2. HTTP

status codes: 2.4.1. The Status Line

3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

strict command, advantages of use: 1.2.1. Sample CGI

taint mode, reasons to use with: 8.4.4. Why Use Taint Mode?

text files (see text files)

URLs for: 1.2.2. Invoking CGI Scripts

2.1.1. Elements of a URL

projects, home pages for: A.5. Project Home Pages

protected realm, indicating with 401 status code: 3.3.1.3. Specifying status codes

/protected (URL paths): 2.3.2.4. Authorization

protocol and version string (status line): 3.3.2. Complete (Non-Parsed) Headers

protocols

cookie handling by browsers: 11.3. Client-Side Cookies
header (web server response), listing in: 1.2. Introduction to CGI
HTTP (see HTTP)
IP (Internet Protocol): 6.2.3. Environment Variables
SMTP: 9.6. Perl Mailers
SSL (Secure Socket Layer)POST requests: 2.2. HTTP
in URLs: 2.1.1. Elements of a URL

proxies: 2.5. Proxies

image caching and: 3.4.3. Restricting Image Hijacking
multiple users connecting via: 11. Maintaining State

ptkdb, PerlTk debugger: 15.3.5.2. ptkdb

PUT method: 2.3.1.1. PUT and DELETE

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