The A+ Certification & PC Repair Handbook (Charles River Media Networking/Security)
The information provided in this section is intended to serve as a quick reference to assist you with diagnosing and troubleshooting many Windows 9x-related issues. Although some of the information mentioned in this section has not been discussed in detail, many of these tips and shortcuts are likely to show up on the exam. It is a good idea to read over the following information in final preparation for the Windows 9x section of the test:
If you install a hard drive larger than 2GB and your operating system doesn’t see beyond the 2GB, your drive is not partitioned as FAT32. You may also need to get a BIOS upgrade from the manufacturer of your motherboard. Always remember, FAT16 has a 2GB limit.
The smallest unit of measure that Windows 9x can work with on a hard drive is called a cluster.
To create a folder in Windows Explorer, select File > New > Folder or right-click the window and select New > Folder.
To create a shortcut on your Windows desktop, right-click the desktop and select New > Shortcut.
In Windows 9x, the file MSDOS.SYS should be at least 1K.
Installation files in Windows 95 are called cabinet or .CAB files. The proper name syntax used for Windows 95 .cab files is Win95_xx.cab (xx = a numeric value, such as 13).
In order for a mapped network drive to retain its mapping on reboot, you must check the “Reconnect at Logon” box when establishing the mapping.
The End key is used to access the interactive startup menu during the Windows 98 boot sequence.
The Alt+Tab key sequence allows you to toggle between applications that are currently running on your system.
The Shift+F8 keystroke sequence can be used to refresh your desktop in Windows.
Menus within Windows programs, such as Word or Windows Explorer, designate hot keys with an underscore (for example, Files, Edit, and View).
You can get a system configuration printout from a Windows 9x command prompt by entering “MSDN” and pressing the Print Screen key.
If you want to access a printer by its UNC name, the proper syntax is \\computername\printername.
If you have installed a new modem and your previous dial-up networking configuration does not work, go to the dial-up networking properties of your original entry and configure them for the new modem.
The DOSSTART.BAT file is automatically executed when you restart your system in MS-DOS mode.
The correct starting order for Windows 9x is IO.SYS, MS-DOS.SYS, CONFIG.SYS, COMMAND.COM, AUTOEXEC.BAT.
SCANREG can be used to restore a Registry from DOS. If you want to replace the Registry with an older Registry, use SCANREG/RESTORE. If you want to fix the current loaded Registry, use SCANREG/FIX.
If you have recently installed Client for Microsoft networks, IPX/SPX, and File and Print Sharing and are still unable to browse your network, verify that “File and print sharing” is checked. Without this setting enabled, you will not be able to see other workstations in Windows 9x.
In order to make a network dial-up connection to the Internet in Windows, you need two important network components. TCP/IP and a Dial-up Adapter.
If you want to configure a dial-up connection to the Internet, you must have the network protocol TCP/IP bound to a dial-up adapter.
If you are using a laptop computer with a NIC and the NetBEUI protocol, “File and print sharing” must be enabled on the NIC if you want to share information.
If you are having difficulty moving a window between two monitors connected to the same computer system, you may already have the window maximized.
To remove unneeded items from the Windows 98 Start menu, right-click the item in the Start menu and choose Delete or right-click on the taskbar, select Properties, navigate to the Customize Start Menu Options, and use the Remove button to eliminate unwanted Start menu items. It should be noted that items in the Start folder are loaded in alphabetical order.
Client, Adapter, Protocol, and Service are network components that can be added through the Windows 9x Network applet.
If you are having trouble detecting USB devices, you are most likely running the original version of Windows 95, which doesn’t support USB without an update. Alternatively, you may not have USB support enabled in your BIOS settings. Again, Windows 95 does not support USB without additional software.
If your system hangs at the Windows 9x splash screen on boot-up, hold down the Shift key on startup to stop possible corrupt startup folder programs from loading.
If items on your desktop look different from usual or are unidentifiable, the first step for resolving this problem is to refresh the desktop by right-clicking the desktop and selecting Refresh.
If you are having trouble installing or updating Windows system files, you should try disabling any Antivirus features in your systems BIOS as well as your antivirus real time protection. Then attempt to reinstall the software.
If you need to restore an OS file that has been deleted from your system, you can use the EXTRACT command to restore a file from the Windows 9x Installation CD.
Windows 98 comes with a powerful FAT32 drive conversion utility program called Drive Converter, which has the ability to convert an already formatted FAT16 partition into a FAT32 or NTFS partition.
If you double click a shortcut on your Windows desktop and nothing happens, it is likely that the application program that is tied to the shortcut has been moved, removed, or is corrupted.
If you have two printers installed on your Windows 9x system and you delete your default printer, the remaining printer will automatically become your default printer.
If you have just completed a Windows 9x operating system installation and you are having difficulties adjusting your screen resolution, the first things you should do are update your Windows and video drivers.
Windows 9x is not compatible with NTFS.
The root directory under Windows 9x supports a maximum of 512 entries.
Common protocols that are used to share printers in Windows 9x are TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and NetBEUI.
The Windows 9x Registry is a hierarchical database made up of special Key entries.
If you wish not to have your print jobs spooled in Windows 9x, you can choose to print directly to the printer in the spool settings dialogue box.
The undocumented Microsoft utility MKCOMPAT.EXE can be used to assist older Windows 3.1 applications to run in a Windows 9x environment.
The statements PROMPT $P$G and LH C:\Windows\COMMAND\MSCDEX are commonly found in the autoexec.bat file.
The navigation path to capture a printer port in Windows 9x is: My Computer > Control Panel > Printer applet > File > Properties > Details.
A “.CPL” file is a (Control Panel Extension) file. If you ever receive an invalid page default (kernel32) error when opening Control Panel, you will need to determine which .CPL file is damaged or corrupt and replace it.
To create a Startup Disk in Windows 9x navigate to Control Panel > Add/remove programs and select Create Disk from the Startup Disk tab.
The first thing you should do if you receive the “out of memory error” while using Windows 9x is to check the system resources in the system control panel for any applications or processes that are using up valuable system resources.
If a memory manager cannot provide an application with requested memory, a memory page fault occurs.
To increase graphics acceleration speed in Windows 9x, navigate to Control Panel, System, Performance, Graphics.
Windows 98SE is the only version of Windows 9x that offers ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) capabilities.
Windows 9x is fully capable of being upgraded to Windows 2000 Professional.
The correct booting order for a system is POST, BIOS, BOOT SECTOR, GUI.
The Windows 9x System Monitor can be used to monitor virtual memory and networked client and server info.
If Windows 9x finds a damaged or corrupt Registry upon booting, it will attempt to automatically repair the damaged Registry.
If you select “N” for large disk support while running FDISK, a fat16 partition will be created.
If the “Starting Windows 98” logo screen is missing at startup, it is likely that the file logo.sys is missing or corrupt.
You should never share more than 300 folders in Windows 9x. If you do, the folders may not appear to be shared when displayed in Explorer.
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