Java Cookbook, Second Edition

Problem

You need to read from or write to a particular location in a file, such as an indexed file.

Solution

Use a RandomAccessFile.

Discussion

The class java.io.RandomAccessFile allows you to move the read or write position when writing to any location within a file or past the end. This allows you to create or access "files with holes" on some platforms and lets you read or write indexed or other database-like files in Java. The primary methods of interest are void seek(long where), which moves the position for the next read or write to where; int skipBytes(int howmany), which moves the position forward by howmany bytes; and long getFilePointer( ) , which returns the position.

RandomAccessFile class also implements the DataInput and DataOutput interfaces, so everything I said about DataStreams in Recipe 10.15 also applies here. This example reads a binary integer from the beginning of the file, treats that as the position to read from, finds that position, and reads a string from that location within the file:

import java.io.*; /** * Read a file containing an offset, and a String at that offset. */ public class ReadRandom { final static String FILENAME = "random.dat"; protected String fileName; protected RandomAccessFile seeker; public static void main(String argv[]) throws IOException { ReadRandom r = new ReadRandom(FILENAME); System.out.println("Offset is " + r.readOffset( )); System.out.println("Message is \"" + r.readMessage( ) + "\"."); } /** Constructor: save filename, construct RandomAccessFile */ public ReadRandom(String fname) throws IOException { fileName = fname; seeker = new RandomAccessFile(fname, "r"); } /** Read the Offset field, defined to be at location 0 in the file. */ public int readOffset( ) throws IOException { seeker.seek(0); return seeker.readInt( ); } /** read the message at the given offset */ public String readMessage( ) throws IOException { seeker.seek(readOffset( )); // move to the offset return seeker.readLine( ); // and read the String } }