XML: A Managers Guide (2nd Edition) (Addison-Wesley Information Technology Series)

A set of functions that an application or component exposes to external software. Programmers use an API when they create software that accesses the functionality of an application or component.

A piece of metadata attached to an element.

An attribute name and corresponding attribute value in the start tag of an element.

The process of representing business entities and business processes as objects, in the object-oriented programming sense, to facilitate the integration of different business application software.

Abbreviation for character data. A string of alphanumeric characters that may not contain any white space characters .

The allowable type of content that an element may have. Possible content models include element content, data content, empty content, and mixed content.

The topmost element in an XML document's element hierarchy. All other elements within an XML document are part of a document element's content.

The W3C standard that describes a generic model that programming languages can use to interact with hierarchies of document data.

A specification of the rules a group of XML documents must follow to be valid with respect to the particular DTD. Rules include the allowable types of elements, their content models, their attributes, and the allowable values of these attributes.

The fundamental unit of content in an XML document. An element is composed of the element name, element content, and any specified attributes.

The content associated with an element. It appears between the start tag and end tag of the element.

A statement in a DTD that declares an element name and a content model for the element.

The name associated with an element. In an XML document, it appears in both the start tag and end tag of the element.

An extensible, cross-platform text editor with many features useful for writing software code.

An XML document structuring mechanism that specifies the substitution of an entity name with a fragment of content.

In XLink, a link that has more than one target.

The W3C standard for describing paginated presentation rules that apply to XML documents.

A portion of the Internet used by an organization to foster communication with its suppliers, large customers, and strategic partners .

A software component that takes a formatting object tree as input and produces paginated output in such formats as PDF and Postscript.

The hierarchy of format-specific elements created when an XSL processor applies a stylesheet to an XML document. This hierarchy is independent of any particular page rendering technology.

Abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol. A mechanism for uploading and downloading files between two computers connected by the Internet.

The HTML syntax for specifying the target document of a hypertext link as in <A Href="http://www.foocompany.com">.

Abbreviation for Hypertext Markup Language. The language used to author Web pages.

Abbreviation for HyperText Transfer Protocol. A mechanism for making requests and sending responses between two computers connected to the Internet. Commonly used for transferring HTML files from a Web server to a Web browser.

When a server's HTTP method responds to a client, an HTTP 200 Return indicates the successful execution of the method.

An HTTP method where the client submits data, such as from a form page, to the server.

The process of wrapping protocol messages in HTTP messages. Commonly used to allow the use of a protocol across a security firewall.

Abbreviation for Interactive Development Environment. A tool for developing software applications that includes visual tools such as browsers, inspectors, and probes.

Abbreviation for Internet Engineering Task Force. The standards body in charge of the basic Internet protocols such as TCP/IP and HTTP.

A trade group standard for managing the syndication of content over the Internet.

The process of developing a comprehensive model of the information used within an organization to facilitate the integration of business application software.

The federation of interconnected public and private networks running the standard Internet Protocol.

A portion of the Internet used to connect systems within the confines of a particular organization and not accessible to outsiders.

Abbreviation for Java 2 Enterprise Edition. A standard from Sun Microsystems that specifies a complete server development and deployment model for Java.

The standard Java programming API for accessing databases.

When databases must handle large composite datatypes like text or images, they often treat them as large objects. Typically, they store metadata about the object separately from the object itself. They may also supply manipulation functions.

Abbreviation for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. An IETF standard describing both a lightweight version of the X.500 data model and the wire protocol for interacting with directories that use this model.

The naming convention where variable names are constructed by connecting words, using an initial lowercase letter and an uppercase letter at the beginning of each word, as in "lowerCamelCase."

Abbreviation for Mathematics Markup Language. A W3C standard that describes an XML vocabulary for indicating the semantic and presentation properties of mathematical expressions.

Literally, "data about data." Data used to indicate the role or meaning of other data. Database schemas and XML attributes are examples of metadata.

Abbreviation for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. The IETF standard that governs how to describe the type of a document and encode it for transfer over the Internet.

The association of names in a distributed software system with unique segments to avoid naming collisions. For example, XML uses URIs such as "http://www.foocompany.com/names/acct-REV10," and Java uses the Internet domain name hierarchy such as "com.foocompany."

In XML, a URI that defines the unique segment for a namespace.

In XML, the prefix that appears before element and attribute names to indicate that they belong to the corresponding namespace.

In distributed software systems, where two software entities developed by different organizations use the same name. For example, the accounting department and fulfillment department of a company might both use the XML element name "status" for logically different elements.

The information security property whereby one can confirm that a particular entity performed an action. Analogous to physical signatures and implemented electronically through cryptographic signatures.

A standard programming API, developed by Microsoft, for accessing databases.

Abbreviation for parsed character data. A string of alphanumeric characters that may contain white space characters

Abbreviation for Portable Document Format. A standard format, developed by Adobe Systems, for representing documents in a platform-neutral manner.

A standard format, developed by Adobe Systems, used to represent high-resolution page layouts.

A part of an XML document's prolog that enables document authors to describe the processing requirements of the document to external software applications.

The first part of an XML document that contains processing instructions and document type declarations.

A W3C standard for defining the types of resources provided by an Internet application and how to access them.

Abbreviation for Small Computer System Interface. A high-speed standard for connecting peripherals to computer systems.

An agreement among multiple parties governing the format and interpretations of messages they plan to exchange in the future. In XML, DTDs and schema provide shared context.

A de facto standard for event-based XML processing.

In XLink, a link that has only one target.

A colloquial term used to identify unofficial or secret projects, usually performed by a small group of highly skilled engineers . Originally refers to the division of Lockheed that worked on top-secret U.S. military airplanes.

Abbreviation for Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. A W3C standard that describes an XML vocabulary for choreographing multimedia presentations.

Abbreviation for Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. The IETF standard that describes how to use cryptographic techniques to secure MIME documents.

Abbreviation for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. An Internet protocol for transferring electronic mail between mail servers.

A datatype declaration for strings of alphanumeric characters in many software programming languages.

In XML and other structured document paradigms , a specification for which pieces of content to display, and the formatting with which to display them.

Abbreviation for Scalable Vector Graphics. A W3C standard that describes an XML vocabulary for portable two-dimensional graphics.

In a document markup language, a piece of metadata attached to an element that defines the boundaries of element content.

Abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A standard low-level protocol combination used for communication in many networking applications.

Between the transaction boundaries of a request to an application or database, either all of the requests must succeed, or none of them must.

A standard from the Object Management Group that describes how to represent information during object-oriented analysis and design.

The Internet standard for representing the type and logical location of networked resources. For example, the URI "http://www.foocompany.com/home.html" indicates the file pathname, domain name, and connection protocol for Foo Company's Web home page.

The naming convention where variable names are constructed by connecting words, using an initial uppercase letter and an uppercase letter at the beginning of each word, as in "UpperCamelCase."

An XML document that is well- formed and conforms to the rules of a particular DTD or schema.

A processor that verifies whether an XML document conforms to the rules of a particular DTD or schema.

The W3C specification that describes how authoring clients should interact with servers to manage content contribution, versioning, and access.

An XML document that follows all of the XML syntax rules.

A cooperative industry organization that defines standards relevant to Web applications.

The set of standards from the International Organization for Standardization related to directory services.

The W3C specification that describes how to define links between XML documents.

The W3C specification that describes how to define namespaces in XML documents.

The W3C specification that describes how to specify a particular element using its path from the document element.

The W3C specification that describes how to specify a particular piece of content with more specificity than a particular element or attribute node.

An XML software program that processes text, determines its logical meaning, and creates programming data structures to represent this meaning.

The W3C specification that describes how to query collections of XML documents based on their structure and the values of their elements and attributes.

The W3C specification that describes how to define the structure of XML documents and the datatypes used within documents with more specificity than DTDs.

The W3C specification that describes how to transform XML documents from one format to another. For example, using XSLT, developers could specify how to transform a document valid with respect to one schema into a document valid with respect to a different schema.3