| 1 | What are the two basic steps that every switching and routing protocol performs? |
| Answer: | Path determination and frame/packet forwarding. |
| 2 | What is the primary purpose of a TTL mechanism? |
| Answer: | To limit the congestion caused by routing loops. |
| 3 | Does IP permit all-networks broadcasts? |
| Answer: | No. |
| 4 | Is RSTP backward-compatible with STP? |
| Answer: | Yes. |
| 5 | Does EIGRP support load balancing across unequal-cost paths? |
| Answer: | Yes. |
| 6 | How many levels in the topological hierarchy does OSPF support? |
| Answer: | Two. |
| 7 | How do BGP-4 peers communicate? |
| Answer: | Via TCP. |
| 8 | Which link-state algorithm does FSPF use? |
| Answer: | The choice of algorithm is vendor dependent. |