Six Sigma Tool Navigator: The Master Guide for Teams

2017-07-07 02:10:07

AKA

N/A

Classification

Data Collecting (DC)

Tool description

The observation technique is a direct and real-time method to determine and collect facts and data currently existing in a given workplace or situation.

Observations and interview responses are systematically recorded on a worksheet or form specifically developed for documenting the information. No assumptions or speculations are made by the observer during data collection. Observations often serve as background data for problem-solving or process-improvement efforts.

Typical application

To obtain current data to verify existing problems or performance discrepancies.

To collect performance data needed by a team to continue the problem-solving process.

To study actual operations on location in order to fully document the process.

To validate historical data used in recent research activities.

Problem-solving phase

→	Select and define problem or opportunity
→	Identify and analyze causes or potential change
	Develop and plan possible solutions or change
→	Implement and evaluate solution or change
	Measure and report solution or change results
	Recognize and reward team efforts

Typically used by

2	Research/statistics
	Creativity/innovation
	Engineering
	Project management
	Manufacturing
	Marketing/sales
	Administration/documentation
	Servicing/support
1	Customer/quality metrics
3	Change management

links to other tools

before

Data Collection Strategy

Sampling Methods

Audience Analysis

Checklist

Time Study Sheet

after

Frequency Distribution (FD)

Checksheet

Activity analysis

Opportunity Analysis

Problem Specification

Notes and key points

A multipurpose observation form or worksheet should be used to record observed technical data, work activities, process interactions or interview responses.

An ideal data collection technique if information filtering needs to be avoided.

Step-by-step procedure

STEP 1 First, review practices and procedures, job descriptions and work instructions, or product/service information relevant to the workplace or situation to be observed.

STEP 2 Discuss observation schedule, time and place, who and what will be observed with the appropriate managers or process owners.

STEP 3 Using a prepared observation worksheet or form, record observations. See example Types of Observations—Worksheets.

STEP 4 Lastly, examine recorded information, circle key data or events, and write a final report, using the observation worksheet as an attachment.

STEP 5 Date all observation worksheets.

Example of tool application

Types of Observations—Worksheets