ISO 9001: 2000 Quality Management System Design

13.3 Team Leaders

It is also customary for the stewards to assign cross-functional teams to handle the more broad reaching requirements that touch several operational areas. The leader for such a group is sometimes called the team leader and for more complex activities can hold the title of program or project manager. Their responsibility is to ensure that specific cross-functional programs are effectively managed. Such programs include the following:

These assignments can take many forms, but a possible distribution of responsibility in a design and manufacturing facility is demonstrated in Table 13.3. An effort has been made in the table to evenly distribute the stewardship responsibilities among top management. Unfortunately, it often happens that operations and quality assurance end up with an inordinate level of activity compared to the other departments. This type of situation is to be avoided when possible, as everyone in the company is usually already over-loaded. Appendix A is a convenient way to catalog both the stewardship and team leader/project assignments.

Table 13.3: Possible Stewardship Distribution by ISO 9001:2000 Section and Element in a Design and Manufacturing Facility

Responsible Steward

Responsible for These Sections

Action Teams Required

Team Leaders for Action Teams

General manager

4.1: General Requirements

4.1: Executive process team

General manager

5.0: Management Responsibility

5.0: QMS planning and review team

6.1: Provision of Resources

6.1: QMS planning and review team

8.2.3: Monitoring and Measurement (M&M) of Processes

8.2.3: Executive process team

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

8.5.1: Continual Improvement

8.5.1: QMS planning and review team

ISO management representative [a].

4.0: Quality Management System

4.1: Process integrator document team

4.1 ISO management representative

4.2.2: Quality manual integrator team

4.2.2 Document control specialist

4.2.1: QMS integrator team

4.2.1 Document control specialist

4.2.3: Document control team

4.2.3 Document control specialist

4.2.4: Control of records team

4.2.4 Finance manager

Sales and marketing (S&M) manager

4.1: General Requirements S&M

Sales and marketing process team

Sales and marketing manager

4.1: Team up with GM

7.2: Customer-Related Processes

8.2.1: Customer Satisfaction

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

Engineering manager

4.1: General Requirements Engineering

Engineering process team 4.1: Team up with GM

Engineering mana1ger

7.3: Design and Development

8.1: General

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

Purchasing manager

4.1: General Requirements Purchasing

Purchasing process team 4.1: Team up with GM

Purchasing manager

7.4: Purchasing

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

Operations manager

4.1: General Requirements OPS

Operations process team 4.1: Team up with GM

Operations manager

6.3: Infrastructure

6.4: Work Environment

7.1: Planning of Product Realization

7.5: Production and Service Provision

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.2.4: M&M of Product

8.4 :Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

Quality-assurance manager

4.1: General Requirements QA

QA process team 4.1: Team up with GM

QA manager

7.6: Control of Monitoring and Measuring Devices

8.2.2: Internal Audit

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.2.3, 8.2.4, and 8.3: Team up with operations process team

8.2.4: M&M of Product

8.3: Control of NC Product

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: CAPA team

8.5.2: Corrective Action

8.5.2: CAPA team

8.5.3: Preventive Action

8.5.3: CAPA team

Human-resources manager

4.1: General Requirements Human Resources

HR process team 4.1: Team up with GM

Human-resources manager

6.2: Human Resources

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

Finance manager

4.1: General Requirements Finance

Finance process map team 4.1: Team up with GM

Finance manager

4.2.4: Control of Records

4.2.4: Team up with control of records team

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

MIS manager

4.1: General Requirements MIS

IT process team 4.1: Team up with GM

MIS manager

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4: Team up with QA

Customer-service manager

4.1: General Requirements Service

4.1: Customer service process team

Customer-service manager

4.1: Team up with GM

7.5: Production and Service Provision

7.5, 8.2.3, 8.2.4, and 8.3: Team up with operations process team

8.2.3: M&M of Processes

8.2.4: M&M of Product

8.3: Control of Nonconformance Product

8.4: Analysis of Data

8.4 Team up with QA

Legend: M&M: monitering and measurement; CAPA: corrective and preventive action with customer complaints.

[a]The assignment of specific elements to the ISO management representative during QMS creation does not relieve the representative of the overall responsibility to coordinate the entire QMS creative process. It is meant to level out the writing and editing load.

13.3.1 Cross-Functional Team Organization

Table 13.3 demonstrated how the sections and clauses of the Standard can be generated by means of stewards and cross-functional teams. Although team establishment and organization is not an obvious dynamic, there is nothing mystical about this approach, and each organization should structure their teams in a way that best fits their purpose. We have found it helpful when design and manufacturing teams form as shown in Table 13.4. The teams dealt with their appropriate clauses and SHALLS within the Standard's sections indicated. For additional detail, refer to Appendix A. Have some fun with the team names. They run all over the place from the Charlie's in honor of their leader, to Tool Time, for obvious reasons, and Enthusiasts for possible political reasons, and Road Runners to resolve poor vendor performance—and the reports even have baby pictures of the members. Team organization is replete with fanciful names such as the use of executive steering committees and area champions. Impressive action team awards and plaques are used to create the ownership required in response to the tremendous efforts put out by the teams. The results in bottom-line dollars saved are quite remarkable and over 5 to 10 years can be in the billions of dollars for multibillion dollar companies [2].

Table 13.4: Team Member Grouping

Action Team Members

Standard's Requirements

Tigers

Site manager (leader)

Sales and marketing manager

Service manager

5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 6.1, 6.2.1, 7.2, 7.5.1, and 8.5.1

Titans

ISO management representative (leader)

Document control administrator

Finance manager

4.1, 4.2.1, 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.4,5.4.2, and 7.1

Giants

Engineering manager (leader)

Program managers

Manufacturing engineers

MIS manager

7.3, 8.1, 8.2.3, 8.2.4, and 8.4

Perks

Purchasing manager (leader)

Production controlsupervisor

Engineering manager

7.4 and 7.5.4

Bulls

Manufacturing manager (leader)

Shipping/receiving supervisor

MIS manager

6.3, 6.4, 7.5.1, 7.5.2, 7.5.3, and 7.5.5

Panthers

Quality-assurance manager (leader)

Manufacturing manager

Facilities manager

7.1, 7.4.3, 7.5.3, 7.6, 8.1, and 8.2.4

Seers

Quality-assurance manager (leader)

Finance manager

Manufacturing engineers

Site manager

Sales and marketing manager

8.2.1, 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5

Diggers

Audit team manager (leader)

Auditors

Quality-assurance manager

8.2.2, & 8.2.3

Green Sox

Human-resources manager (leader)

Department managers

6.2.2

13.3.2 Organizations Without Explicit Design or QualityAssurance Functions

For those organizations without an explicit design or quality-assurance department, both the Giants and the Seers Teams would be led by the manufacturing manager. The Giants would focus on process and product engineering themes that, although they do not include design, still require engineering discipline.

In this case, the Standard requires that we discuss clearly in the manual why Section 7.3: Design and Development is not required. Our prescriptive response would be something like this:

7.3 Design and development exclusion: The Excellent Corporation does not design and develop its products but receives this information in the form of a manufacturing release package from its customers. The manufacturing release includes the bill of materials, printed wiring board layouts, engineering change orders, and test procedures. Engineering support services are then provided by Excellent in the form of manufacturing engineering that includes both process and product engineers under the direction of the vice president of operations. Excellent is required to obtain authorization from its customers for any changes that affect form, fit, function, reliability, safety, or other regulatory or statutory requirements. The process related to manufacturing engineering is contained in the document entitled "Manufacturing Engineering Procedures."

13.3.3 Team Effectiveness

Figure 13.1 illustrates the need for cross-functional teams in the effective implementation of the Standard so that the quality improvement team (QIT) can effectively integrate the functional areas of corrective action, preventive action, customer complaints, and nonconforming product. For example, the QIT could consist of members from QA, engineering, manufacturing, customer service, and finance. The several interactive functions required for each key activity is also listed in Figure 13.1.

Figure 13.1: Corrective and preventive action with customer complaints and interface to 8.3— Control of Nonconforming Product.

We have found that this area requires the most intensive training and takes the longest to optimize. When one looks in detail at the requirements of Elements 8.3, 8.5.2, and 8.5.3, the difficulty in interpretation is not such a surprise.

We offer some suggestions in this regard:

13.3.4 Typical Real-Time Action Team Plan

Figure 13.2 illustrates a typical real-time action team plan that has been used successfully to achieve impressive action team performance. In this scenario, a facilitator is assigned by top management, and a team leader, scribe, and scorekeeper are also chosen. The scribe keeps the minutes and the scorekeeper calculates potential and real-time cost savings as the program proceeds. If possible, the scorekeeper should be a member of the finance department to ensure that bottom-line considerations are prominent in the calculations [3].

Figure 13.2: The continuous improvement cycle based on the Deming PDSA cycle (Deming 1986).

All of these positions require extensive training to ensure a meaningful and productive team exercise. Top management oversight is required periodically to make sure that the team is coupled to the organization's objectives both technically and financially [4]. A team plan should use the following:

[2]See, for example: Defeo, Joseph A., "The Tip of the Iceberg," Quality Progress, ASQ, May 2001, p. 29.

[3]See, for example, Neuscheler-Fritsch, Debbie, and Robert Norris, "Capturing Financial Benefits from Six Sigma," Quality Progress, ASQ, May 2001, p. 39.

[4]Based on the work of Dr. Anthony F. Costonis, president and founder of Corporate Development Services, Inc., of Lynnfield, MA, at http://www.corpdevelopment.com.

Категории