Six Sigma and Beyond: Design for Six Sigma, Volume VI
A
Abstracting and indexing services, 145
Accelerated degradation testing (ADT), 336
Accelerated depreciation, 687
Accelerated life testing (ALT), 336, 362
Accelerated stress test (AST), 310 “311
Accelerated testing, 305
ADT (accelerated degradation testing), 336
ALT (accelerated life testing), 336, 362
AST (accelerated stress test), 310 “311
constant-stress testing, 305 “306
definition of, 362
HALT (highly accelerated life test), 310
HASS (highly accelerated stress screens), 310
methods , 305 “306
models, 306 “309
PASS (production accelerated stress screen), 311 “312
progressive-stress testing, 306
step-stress testing, 306
Acceleration factor (A), 308 “309
Acclaro (software), 545 “547
Accountants, 663
clean opinions of, 671
reports of, 671 “672
Accounting
accrual basis of, 676 “677
books of account in, 675 “676
in business assessments, 138
cash basis of, 677
and depreciation, 684
earliest evidence of, 672
entries in, 675 “676
financial reports in, 664
and financial statement analysis, 688
as measure of quality cost, 492
recording business transactions in, 672 “675
roles in business, 664
valuation methods in, 679 “681
Accounts
books of, 675 “676
contra, 684
types of, 674
Accounts receivables, 681, 691
Accrual accounting, 676 “677
Accrued pension liabilities, 667
Accumulated depreciation, 665 “666, 684
Achieved availability, 292
Acquisitions, in product design, 196
Action plans, 161 “162
based on facts and data, 107
creative planning process in, 162
documenting, 162
in FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis), 253 “258
monitoring and controlling, 162 “163
prioritizing, 162
Action standards. see standards
Activation energy type constant (E a ), 308
Active repair time, 293
Activities in benchmarking
after visits to partners , 156
defining, 150
drivers of, 151
flowcharting , 153 “154
modeling, 152 “153
output, 151
performance measure, 151 “152
resource requirements, 151
triggering events, 150
during visits to partners, 155
Activity analysis, 150 “152
Activity benchmarking, 123
Activity drivers, 151
Activity performance measure, 151 “152
Actual costs, 478 “480, 568, 703
Actual operating hours, 525
Actual size , 522
Actual usage, amount of, 525
Administrative process
cost of, 570
improving, 490 “492
as measure of quality cost, 493
ADT (accelerated degradation testing), 336
Advanced product quality planning. see APQP
Advanced quality planning. see AQP
Advanced Systems and Designs Inc., 405
Aerospace industry, 226
Aesthetics, 113
Aggressors, in team systems, 25
Aircraft, 196
Airline industry, 702
Allowance, 568
Almanacs, 145
Alpha tests, 266
ALT (accelerated life testing), 336, 362
Alternative costs, 703
Alternative lists, in trade-off studies, 472
Alternative rank, 476
Altman, Edward I., 699
Altshuller, Genrich, 549
Aluminum, 531
Amateur errors, 211
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 61
Amortization, 669
Analysis of variance. see ANOVA
Angular dimensions, 520
Angular measurements, 527
Annual reports, 146, 671 “672, 678
ANOVA (analysis of variance), 396, 407 “410
for cumulative frequency, 423
for NTB signal-to-noise ratios, 431 “432
for raw data, 430, 434, 436
signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio as raw data, 434, 437
for transformed data, 438
typical table setup, 432
ANOVA-TM computer program, 405
ANSI (American National Standards Institute), 61
ANSYS program, 183 “185
Antifreeze, 289
Apollo program, 226
Apple Computer, 195
Appraisal costs, 101, 482, 489
APQP (advanced product quality planning), 266
vs. AQP (advanced quality planning), 43
in DFSS (design for six sigma), 45 “47
and product reliability, 298
AQP (advanced quality planning), 40 “42
vs. APQP (advanced product quality planning), 43
basic requirements for, 42
demonstrating, 42
pitfalls in, 43 “44
qualitative methodology in, 44 “45
reasons for using, 42
workable plans for, 43
Archiving, 40
Area sensors, 218
ARIZ algorithm, 549
Arrhenius model, 308 “309
Assembly lines, 207
simulation of, 170 “175
two-station, 173 “174
Assembly mistakes, 213
Assembly omissions, 214
Assembly process, 206
Assessment items, 476
Assets, 679
in balance sheet equation, 664, 674
buying, 666
contra, 684
current, 665
current value of, 680
vs. expenses, 680 “681
financial, 681
in financial statements, 679
fixed, 665 “666
historical cost of, 679
inflation effect on, 679
intrinsic value of, 680
as investments, 680
liquidation value of, 679
noncurrent, 667
physical, 681 “682
psychic value of, 680
replacement cost, 680
return on assets (ROA), 694
return on assets managed (ROAM), 695
return on gross assets (ROGA), 695
return on net assets (RONA), 695
selling, 669
slow, 670
types of, 681 “682
valuation methods, 679 “681
values based on historical costs, 678 “679
Assets/equity ratio, 692
Asset turnover , 704 “705
AST (accelerated stress test), 310 “311
AT&T, benchmarking in, 122 “123
Attributes, 116
Attributes tests, 313 “314, 423
Auditing, 597
Automation, 682
Automobile industry, 54 “5
AQP (advanced quality planning) in, 41
commonly used elements in, 176
product reliability in, 296 “297
six sigma philosophy in, 2
Automobile parts industry, 54
Availability, 292, 356
Axiomatic design
applying to cars , 543 “544
axioms in, 542
benefits of, 545 “547, 545 “547
and change management, 545
changing existing designs with, 544 “545
creating new designs with, 544
diagnosing existing designs with, 544
and project workflow, 545
vs. robust design, 543
Axiomatic designs, 541, 715
Axioms, 542
[1] Note: Italicized numbers refer to illustrations and tables