Six Sigma and Beyond: Design for Six Sigma, Volume VI
C
Cadillac, 107 “108
Calendar elapsed time, 525
Calibration, 526
Calipers, 527
Capacitive tests, 530
Capital investments, 661
Capital surplus , 670
Carlzon, Jan, 125 “126
Case studies, 148
Cash, 681
in annual reports , 671
in business transactions, 675
vs. profits, 678
ratio analysis of, 691 “692
recording, 675
sources of, 669, 673
uses of, 673
Cash basis, of accounting, 677
Cash flow, 700
calculating, 701
and change management, 127
and current assets and liabilities, 702
definition of, 700
depreciation as part of, 685
forecasting, 691
as measure in TOC (theory of constraints), 462
in NPV (net present value) analysis, 610
present value of, 162 “163, 165
and tax shelter schemes, 702
and working capital, 702
Cashing out, 667
Cash receipts journals, 675
Casting, 204
Catalogs, 582
Categories, 477
Category lists, in trade-off studies, 472
Catholic clerics, 672, 673
Causality, 33
Cause and effect relationships, 33, 134, 376
CDI (customer desirability index), 77
Cendata, 146
Census, 146
Centerboard hopper feeders, 207
Center for Advanced Purchasing Studies, 157
Centralized benchmarking, 124
Centrifugal hopper feeders, 207
Chain rule, 656
Chambers of commerce, 147
Change, psychology of, 126 “127
Channel value, 54
Characteristic matrix, 63 “64
Characteristics, 254 “255
Charting, 133
Check sheets, 484
Chemical measurements, 527
Chi-square test, 334, 626
Classification, 254 “255
Classified attribute analysis, 422 “426
Classified data, analysis of, 421 “430
Classified responses, 422
Classified variable analysis, 426 “428
Clean opinions (accounting), 671
Clerical process, as measure of quality cost, 493
Closed systems, 35
CNC lathe, 61 “63
Coefficient of expansion, 531
COGS (cost of goods sold), 711
in financial benchmarking, 157
in product design cycle, 194
reducing, 545
Color marking sensors, 218
Column interaction tables, 384, 386
Combination design, 415 “418
Combinex method, 589 “591
Commerce Business Daily , 147
Commercial cost, 570
Commercial credit ratings, 698
Commodity management organizations, 15
Common stocks, 696 “697
Company life cycle, 133
Comparators, 527
Compensation costs, 36
Competition
and DFSS (design for six sigma), 717
and earnings, 693
and product demand, 662
Competitive assessments, 82, 83 “84
Competitive best performers, 143
Competitive bidding, 10
Competitive evaluations, 118 “119, 131
Competitive quality ratings, 487
Competitive Strategy (book), 99
Competitors, 118
Complaints
handling, 61 “62
indices for, 484
processing and resolution of, 484
Complex reliability block diagrams, 323 “325
Components , 205
costs of, 571 “572
levels of, 442
tolerance levels of, 447 “454
Component testing, 266
Component view, 238
Composite credit appraisal, 698
Compound growth rates, 711
Comptrollers, 503
Computer databases, 146
Computer formats, 339
Concept FMEA, 224, 262
Concept phase, 295
Concurrent engineering, 199, 468
Condition, statement of. see balance sheets
Conduction, 179
Conference method, 513 “515
Confidence level
around estimation, 409
of demonstration tests, 312
Configuration, probability of, 637 “638
Conformance, 29 “30, 112
Conjoint analysis, 88
in DFSS (design for six sigma), 715, 718
empirical example of, 90 “94
hypothetical example of, 89 “90
managerial uses of, 95 “95
Constant dollars, 484
Constant rate failure, 619
Constant-stress testing, 305 “306
Constraints, 180, 457 “458, 463 “465
Construction contractors, 147
Consultants, 148
Consumer's risk, 313
Consumer groups, 147
Contamination, 289
Continuous production flow manufacturing, 207 “208
Continuous time waveform, 621
Continuous transfer manufacturing, 206
Contra account, 684
Contra asset, 684
Contractors, 358
Contribution margin analysis, 706
Control charts , 484, 621 “624
Control factors, 393, 411
in DFSS (design for six sigma), 719
in monitoring team performance, 33
and noise interactions, 337
Controlled radius, 522
Convection, 179
Conventional dimensioning, 518
Conventional tolerancing , 518
Conveyors, 206
Cooperation. see partnering
Coordinate measuring machines, 527
Copper, 531
Copper plating , six sigma in, 6
Corporate culture, 127 “128
Corporate general interest buyers , 117
Corporate growth, 663
Correlation matrix, 83
Corrosive materials, 289, 294
Cost analysis, 156, 485
Cost benchmarking, 123
Cost-function worksheets, 566
Cost of goods sold. see COGS
Cost of non-quality, 101
Cost of sales, 703, 711
Costs, 101
actual, 478 “480, 568, 703
alternative, 703
analyzing, 156
appraisal, 101, 482, 489
benefits of DFM/DFA (design for manufacturability/assembly) on, 189
comparison reports, 480
of components, 571 “572
definition of, 569
design, 569
differential, 703
direct, 36, 703
and earnings, 693
elements of, 571
of engineering changes, 297 “298
estimated, 703
external failure, 101, 483, 491
extraordinary, 703
fixed, 569, 703
freight, 570
functional area, 573
and functions, 580
of goods, 683 “684
historical, 679, 703
imputed, 703
incremental, 569, 703
indirect, 36, 703
internal failure, 101, 483, 490
joint, 703
manufacturing, 569, 571
monitoring system, 478
noncontrollable, 703
opportunity, 703
out of pocket, 704
per dimension, 572
per functional property, 572 “573
period, 704
per period of time, 572
per pound , 572
prepaid , 704
presentation formats for, 485
prevention, 101, 482, 488
prime, 704
of processes, 571 “572
product, 704
production, 704
of product unreliability, 294
quantitative, 572 “573
reducing, 480
replacement, 680, 704
and revenues , 711
of sales, 711
sources of information, 570
standard, 478, 570, 704
sunk, 704
in theory of firm, 662
vs. throughput, 461
tolerance limit, 480
total, 570
and value, 558
and value control, 556
variable, 704
variance of, 480
visibility of, 564 “565, 568
Costs of quality. see quality costs
Cost/time analysis, 134
Cost visibility, 568
in cost-function worksheets, 564, 566
techniques, 571 “573
Counterpart characteristics, 73
Counters, 219
County courthouses, 147
Coupled matrix, 657
Court records, 147
Covariance, 650 “651
Coverage ratios, 692
Crashes, 177
Crash programs, 194 “196
Creative phase (job plans), 582 “584
Credit appraisal, 698
Credit balance, 664
Credits, 664 “665
in business assessments, 136
in business transactions, 672
recording, 675
revolving, 666
using, 673
Critical condition indicators, 219
Critical design review, 466
Critical success factors, 129
Crosby, P., 481
Cross-functional teams , 472, 604
CTP (process characteristics), 510
CTQ (quality characteristics), 510, 719
Cumulative density function, 618
Cumulative distributions, 170 “171, 640
Cumulative frequency, 422
Cumulative rate of occurrence, 425 “426
Current assets, 665
in annual reports, 671
net changes in, 670
ratio of total liabilities to, 697
Current controls, 282
Current liabilities, 665 “666
analysis of, 691
in annual reports, 671
and cash flow, 702
net changes in, 670
Current ratio, 691
Current value, 680
Customer attributes, 201 “202
Customer axis, 77 “78
Customer desirability index (CDI), 77
Customer duty cycles, 291
Customer requirement planning matrix, 72
Customer requirements, 85 “88
Customers
customer axis, 77 “78
in evaluation of competitive products, 203
fast response to, 107
overarching, 54
perception of performance vs. importance, 131
perception of quality, 117 “119
in process FMEA, 269
processing and resolution of complaints, 484
roles in customer/supplier relationship, 13
satisfaction of. see customer satisfaction
service hot lines for, 118
surveying , 118 “119
types of, 229
view on quality, 114
voice of, 73, 83
wants and needs of, 53 “54, 228 “230
Customer satisfaction, 74
and benchmarking, 104
vs. customer service, 49 “51
in expanded partnering, 25
levels of, 49
vs. loyalty, 49
in partnering, 23, 25
and product design, 113 “114
and product performance, 288
and product reliability, 292 “293
scorecard, 718
Y relationship to, 718
Customer service. see services
Customer/supplier relationship, 11 “14
checklists of, 21 “23
improving, 20 “21
interface meetings in, 16
major issues with, 19 “20
Customs and traditions, 582