Six Sigma and Beyond: Design for Six Sigma, Volume VI
L
L.L. Bean, 124, 143
Labor, 569
Laboratories, 487
Laboratory errors, 526
Lack of standards mistakes, 211
Landlords, 147
Last-in first-out (LIFO) method, 683 “684
Law of maldistribution, 585
Laws of mechanics, 542
LCC (life cycle costs), 348
definition of, 363
in R&M (reliability and maintainability), 356 “7
Leadership, in partnering, 21 “24
Lead facilitators, in trade-off studies, 472 “473
Lead times, 74
Leapfrog approach, 196
Learning curves, 155
Leasing agents , 147
Least cost strategy, 100 “101
Ledgers, 676
Legal department
conformance elements in, 509
as measure of quality cost, 495
nonconformance elements in, 509
Legislative summaries, 147
Leverage
in annual reports , 672
and earnings, 692
in financial comparison, 131
in modified duPont formula, 704 “705
in rating bonds , 695
in rating stocks, 697
ratios, 692
Liabilities
accrued pension, 667
in balance sheet equation, 664, 674
current, 665 “666
and current assets, 697
increasing, 669
noncurrent, 667
pension, 667
Life cycles, 133
of companies, 133
definition of, 363
of products. see product life cycle
LIFO (last-in first-out) method, 683 “684
Limits dimensioning, 523
Lindbergh, Charles, 554
Linear graphs, 382 “384, 386
Linear measurements, 527
Linear static analysis, 177
Line elements, 176
Line organizations, 15
Liquid assets, 691
Liquidation value, 679
Liquidity, 665, 671
in financial comparison, 131
ratio analysis of, 691 “692
Liquidity ratios, 691 “692
Loads, 180, 181
Long- term debts , 667
Long-term process variation, 4 “5
Loops, 184, 538
Loop transmission, 538
Losses, 671
and cash flow, 702
controlling, 36
as part of transactions, 672
Loss function, 397 “398
calculating, 398 “402
for LTB (larger-the-better) situations, 402
vs. process performance (C pk ), 402 “403
and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, 403 “405
for STB (smaller-the-better) situations, 401
Low safety factors, 294
LTB (larger-the-better), 402, 413
Lubricants, 33, 289
Luck, and earnings, 693