Six Sigma and Beyond: Statistical Process Control, Volume IV
P
Pareto diagram, 24 “25, 51
Part number control, 292
p charts
advantages and disadvantages of, 155
constructing of
control limits, 158 “159, 162
plotting of proportions , 158
process center line, 156 “157, 159
process control analysis, 159 “161
proportion of nonconforming parts , 156
sample plan, 156
standard deviation calculations, 157 “158
variation, 162
vertical scale, 158
process control, 159 “161
Plan-do-study-act model, 7
Platykurtic, 95
Poisson distribution, 412
Pooling, 42
p plot point, 289
Precision error, 330
Precision of measurement systems, 322 “323, 327
PRE-control, 207 “210
Probability distributions
description of, 78
types of, 78
Probability plotting, 82
Problem solving
assumptions for, 44 ”45
barriers to, 47 “48
continual nature of, 44
global, 43 “44
overview of, 17
steps involved in, 45 “46
teamwork approach
concept of, 17 “18
discipline necessary for, 17
employee role and responsibilities, 18
tools and techniques for
activity streamlining, 33
affinity diagrams, 22 “24
analysis of variance, 40
benchmarking, 37 “40
brainstorming, 18 “20
cause and effect diagrams, 20 “22
cost of quality, 30
could cost, 34
design of experiments, 46 “47
five whys, 35 “36
force field analysis, 35, 37
input-output analysis, 27 “29
nominal group technique, 29
Pareto diagram, 24 “25
product nonconformance reduction, 30 “31
quality function deployment, 29 “30
regression analysis, 46
reliability and maintainability, 34 “35
time management, 31 “32
value engineering, 34
work flow analysis, 25 “27
Process
in-control, 99 “103, 128
out-of-control , 102 “104
questions for analyzing, 123
stability of, 299
statistical control of, 99 “101
trending of, 307 “315
variation of, 127 “128
Process capability
analysis of
data collection sheet, 460
exponential distribution for, 305 “307
non-normal distribution for, 300 “305
sheet for, 461
control charts and specifications, 235
definition of, 231, 235
description of, 104 “105, 107, 128 “129
determining of, 234 “235
illustration of, 318
indices, 253, 257 “261
machine acceptance process, 377 “382
normal distribution, 462
ongoing, 253, 257
overview of, 231 “234
preliminary, 253, 257
process control and, 231 “234
short-run statistical process control, 297
6-sigma, 263 “264
skewed distribution, 463
statistical control and, 234 “235
studies of
control limit method, 236 “243
purpose of, 231
results, 249 “253
trending processes and, 309 “315
Process control
capability and, 231 “234
control chart application to, 104 “105
ideal, 16
ownership role and responsibilities, 122
product control vs., 13
quality characteristics used, 210 “211
requirements for, 101
short-run charts interpreted for, 292
statistical, see Statistical process control
Xbar chart, 136 “137, 141
Process potential study, for machine acceptance process
design characterizations for, 365 “366
distributions, 368, 370
normal probability paper, 366 “372
Process stream effect, 371
Process teams , 14
Product control, 3, 13
Productivity, quality vs., 12
Product nonconformance reduction, 30 “31
P/T ratio, 331 “332, 354