Six Sigma and Beyond: Statistical Process Control, Volume IV
S
Sample size
guidelines for, 438
median and range chart, 180
Xbar and R chart, 133 “134
Scatter diagrams
construction of, 60 “61
description of, 60, 274
reading of, 62 “64
shapes of, 62 “64
s chart, 148
Sensitivity, 322
Shapiro-Wilk W test
for exponentiality, 83 “85
for normality, 83
Shewhart charts , 265
Short-run statistical process control
attempts at, 266 “267
capability measurements, 297
charts
attribute data, 289 “291
description of, 277
interpretation of, 291 “295
nominal MA and MR chart, 287 “288
nominal X and MR chart, 284 “285
nominal Xbar and R, 278 “279
out-of-control conditions, 291 “292
short-run MA and MR chart, 289
short-run X and MR chart, 286 “287
short-run Xbar and R, 281 “282, 294
short-run Xbar and s chart, 282 “283
standardized Xbar and s chart, 283 “284
target MA and MR chart, 288
target X and MR chart, 285 “286
target Xbar and R, 280 “281
coded data, 268 “272
control limits, 295
data collection sheet, 268
definition of, 266
overview of, 265 “266
prior control charts for, 272
sampling for, 276 “277
statistical values, 273
target values, 295 “297
target values for, 272 “276
traditional statistical process control applied to, 265 “266
6 Sigma
capability, 263 “264
description of, 261 “263
service organizations, 417
Skewed distribution, 300 “301
Skewness
calculation of, 96
definition of, 95
Special variation
description of, 102 “103
in measurement system, 320
signals that indicate
cycle of points, 219
description of, 215, 224 “225
points beyond control limits, 215 “217
run of seven points, 217
runs test for, 221 “222
trend of seven points, 217 “219
unusual variation, 219 “221
trending processes, 308 “309
S-shaped plot, 371
Stability of measurement systems, 326
Standard deviation
calculating of, 70 “72
definition of, 69
estimating of, 236, 238
measurement errors, 331
repeatability errors, 351, 354
Standardized ratio, 306
Standardized values, 75 “78
Statistical data analysis, 376 “377
Statistical inventory control, 410 “417
Statistical process control
applications of, 1
characteristics of, 7 “8
charts used in, 2
commitment required for, 10
control in, 213
definition of, 1, 44
description of, 417
effectiveness of, 12
elements of, 2 “3
emphasis of, 9
factors that affect, 10 “11
failure of, 10 “11
flow process control form, 456
implementation of, 12 “16, 44 “46
individual responsibilities for, 3 “4
managerial commitment, 12
mathematical theorems used in, 113 “114
model of, 7 “8, 13 “15
ongoing nature of, 1 “2
overview of, 7 “11
pilot phase of, 14 “15
problems associated with, 15 “16
process teams for, 14
purpose of, 2, 17, 44
quality and improvement benefits, 5 “6
requirements for, 16
short-run, see Short-run statistical process control
steering committee for, 13 “14
Steering committee, 13 “14
Stem and leaf displays, 58 “59
Summary statistics, 348 “351
Sum of squares, 41
Supplier grade sheet, 363
Supply chain management, 34
Symmetric distribution, 302 “303
Synergy, 18
System errors
causes of, 9
description of, 8 “9