Six Sigma and Beyond: Statistics and Probability, Volume III

This chapter introduces the concepts of set theory, some general probability concepts, and some examples to facilitate the understanding of these concepts.

DEFINITIONS

1. Universal Set U

   Collection or aggregate of all possible elements

   Elements are outcomes or samples

2. Null Set

   Empty set with no elements

   Probability P ( U ) ‰ 1

   Probability P ( ) ‰

EXAMPLE OF UNIVERSAL SET

Toss a single die, set of possible dots facing upward:

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}