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| b. Materials and Construction |
| 1928 |
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| The first steel-frame, glass-curtain-wall building completed. By 1960 this technique was practically universal for high buildings; developed particularly by L. Mies van der Rohe (1886–1969). | 1 |
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| 1941 |
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| Shell molding, a revolutionary process producing more accurate castings cheaply, invented by Johannes Croning. Powder metallurgy, although known since Wollaston's work at the beginning of the 19th century, achieved extensive application in mid-20th century. | 2 |
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| 1945 |
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| Industrial development of silicones proceeded apace for a wide variety of applications, including lubricants for exceedingly high and low temperatures; binding of fiberglass; water-repellent agents; etc. | 3 |
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