Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)

Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

A

A antigen, in compatibility testing

533

A cells, pancreatic

1178

a wave

314

315

AA (Alcoholics Anonymous)

1075

1085

A–a DO₂ (alveolar-arterial oxygen difference)

in asthma

228

in COPD

238

in pulmonary embolism

281

AA protein See Amyloidosis

Abacavir

1337

1340

1343

with lamivudine

1340

1343

resistance to

1344

with zidovudine and lamivudine

1340

1343

ABCD See Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion

Abciximab See also Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors, drugs blocking

for acute coronary syndromes/myocardial infarction

353

Abdominal abscess/infection

1555

actinomycosis

1436

anaerobic

1435

1435

in Crohn's disease

623

in diverticulitis

632

633

Abdominal aortic aneurysms

446–448

Abdominal compartment syndrome, in burn patient

1597

Abdominal distention

in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome)

608

in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction/gastroparesis

609

malabsorption and

600

Abdominal pain/tenderness See also Dyspepsia

in acute angle-closure glaucoma

159

in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome)

608

in acute intestinal ischemia

459

in aortic aneurysm

447

449

in appendicitis

612

613

in ascites

558–559

in cholecystitis

686

in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis

688

in cholelithiasis/gallstones

685

in Crohn's disease

622–623

in diverticulitis

632

in ectopic pregnancy

770

in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis/gastropathy

582

in familial Mediterranean fever

563

in irritable bowel syndrome

616

in pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma

700

in pancreatitis

694

698

in pelvic inflammatory disease

742

in peptic ulcer disease

587

penetration and

587

594

perforation and

587

593

in polyarteritis nodosa

845

in polycystic kidney disease

928

in porphyria

1703

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

771

772

in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

561

671

in ulcerative colitis

627

Abdominal paracentesis See Paracentesis

Abdominal x-rays, in poisoning/drug overdose

1615

Abelcet See Amphotericin B lipid complex

Abetalipoproteinemia, vitamin E deficiency and

1277

ABI/ABPI See Ankle-brachial index

Abilify See Aripiprazole

abl gene, in chronic myelogenous leukemia

504

1641

ABLC See Amphotericin B lipid complex

Abnormal illness behaviors

1047–1049

Abnormal movements See Movement disorders

ABO system

compatibility testing for transfusion and

533

hemolytic transfusion reactions and

533–534

transplantation and

802

Abortion

elective/induced

757–758

breast cancer during pregnancy and

726

782

gestational trophoblastic disease and

774

heart disease during pregnancy and

778

hypertension during pregnancy and

779

rubella infection and

1369

trophoblastic disease and

774

infection after, anaerobic

1435

IUD insertion after

755

recurrent (habitual)

769

spontaneous See Spontaneous abortion

Abortive poliomyelitis

1366

ABPA See Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis

ABPI See Ankle-brachial index

Abraxane (nab-paclitaxel ABI-007)

1662

1674

Abruptio placentae, third-trimester bleeding caused by

774

Abscesses

138–139

in actinomycetoma

1547

anaerobic bacteria causing

1434

1435

in cervicofacial actinomycosis

1436

in dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection)

1520

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327–1328

Absence (petit mal) seizures

981

981

985

Absence (petit mal) status epilepticus

986

Absidia infection (mucormycosis)

1545

rhinocerebral

197

Absorption (digestion)

disorders of See Malabsorption

normal/phases of

600–601

Absorptive hypercalciuria

944

945

Abulia, stroke causing

991

Abuse

aggression/violence/impulse control disorders and

1081–1082

child See Child abuse

drug See Substance use disorders

elder

17

51

54

54

1094

partner/spousal (domestic violence)

1081

1082

prevention of

16–17

ABVD regimen, for Hodgkin's disease

514

AC regimen, for breast cancer

719

Acanthamoeba castelanii/culbertsoni (acanthamoeba infections)

1472

1473–1474

encephalitis/meningoencephalitis

1295

1473

keratitis

159

1473–1474

Acantholysis, in pemphigus

126

Acanthosis nigricans

1100

1201

cancer-related

1100

1696

insulin resistance and

1100

1201

Acarbose

1208

1211

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm

381

in myocardial infarction

362

Accessory atrioventricular pathways, reentry caused by, in preexcitation syndromes

374

Accessory muscles of respiration

221

Accidental injury See Trauma

Accolate See Zafirlukast

Accommodation

aging affecting (presbyopia)

154

assessment of pupillary response to

152

refractive errors and

153

Accupril See Quinapril

Accutane See Isotretinoin

ACE See Angiotensin converting enzyme

ACE inhibitors See Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Acebutolol

431

breast feeding and

786

Acellular pertussis vaccine, with tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (DTaP vaccine)

1304

1305–1306

1409

Aceon See Perindopril

Acesulfame potassium, for diabetics

1206

Acetadote See Acetylcysteine

Acetaminophen

74

75

with codeine

78

laboratory reference range for

1735

for osteoarthritis

810

overdose/toxicity of

1611

1615–1616

1615

1616

hepatotoxicity/hepatic failure and

658

659

666

1616

1616

for pain management

74

75

Acetazolamide

for acute mountain sickness

1604

adverse ocular effects of

178

renal tubular acidosis caused by

889

Acetoacetate

in alcoholic ketoacidosis

888

in diabetic ketoacidosis

887

1229

laboratory reference range for

1735

Acetohexamide

1206

1207

Acetone, urine/blood levels of, in diabetic coma/ketoacidosis

888

1228

1228

1229

P.1746

Acetone breath odor, in diabetic ketoacidosis

1198

1228

Acetonitrile, cyanide formed by metabolism of

1623

Acetylcholine

aminoglycosides affecting

1035

in botulism

1035

in Huntington's disease

1011

in myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome

1035

Acetylcholine receptor antibodies, in myasthenia gravis

1033

1034

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors See Anticholinesterases

Acetylcysteine

for acetaminophen overdose/toxicity

1611

hepatic failure and

658

1616

contrast media nephrotoxicity mediated by

903

Achalasia

579–580

chest pain in

579

differential diagnosis of

344

dysphagia in

564

Achilles tendon rupture, deep venous thrombosis differentiated from

471

Achlorhydria, in pernicious anemia

487

585

Achromycin See Tetracycline

Acid, caustic/corrosive

1617

1617

esophageal injury caused by

571–572

eye injury caused by

172

1611

1617

Acid-antisecretory agents See also Antacids; H2 receptor blocking drugs; Proton pump inhibitors

for dyspepsia

537

for peptic ulcer disease

588–589

bleeding control and

592

in upper gastrointestinal bleeding

553–554

Acid-base disorders

884–894

885

886

genetic

874

in hypothermia

1590

1591

mixed

885

886

alcoholic ketoacidosis and

888

in near drowning

1603

in renal failure

888

901

909

Acid-fast rods, treatment of infections caused by

1553–1554

Acid refluxate See Gastric acid refluxate

Acidosis See also Ketoacidosis

anion gap See Anion gap acidosis

dilutional

889

hyperchloremic

887–888

Hyperchloremic normal anion gap acidosis

hyperkalemia and

875

hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronemic

889

889

891

1165

in hypothermia

1590

1591

lactic

887

1228

1233

metabolic

886

in near drowning victim

1603

parenteral nutritional support and

887

890

1284

in poisoning/drug overdose

888

with methanol or ethylene glycol

1628

with salicylates

888

1634

posthypocapnic

890

894

in renal failure

888

901

909

renal tubular

888–889

889

891

respiratory

886

893

uremic

888

Aciduria, paradoxic, in saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis

891

Acinetobacter infections

1552

pneumonia

253–254

254

Acitretin

adverse ocular effects of

179

for psoriasis

99

Aclovate See Alclometasone

Acne

115–117

antibiotics for

88

116–117

folliculitis and

116

rosacea

115

steroid (steroid folliculitis)

115

118

testosterone replacement therapy and

1182

vulgaris

115–117

Acoustic nerve (cranial nerve VIII), lesions of See Eighth nerve lesions

Acoustic neuroma/neurinoma (vestibular schwannoma/eighth nerve tumors)

193–194

1000

hearing loss and

180

193

1000

in neurofibromatosis

1006

Acoustic trauma See Noise trauma

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) See HIV infection/AIDS

Acral lentiginous melanoma

94

Acrocyanosis

466

Acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans

1459

1461

Acromegaly

1110–1112

Acropachy, in hyperthyroidism

1137

ACTH See Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Actinic (ultraviolet) keratitis

172

Actinic keratoses

107

squamous cell carcinoma arising from

107

130

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, endocarditis caused by

1415

Actinomadura species, actinomycotic mycetoma caused by

1547

Actinomyces/Actinomyces israelii (actinomycosis)

1436

1553

Actinomycetoma

1547

Activated charcoal, for poisoning/drug overdose

1612

repeat-dose

1613

Activated partial thromboplastin time See Partial thromboplastin time

Activella See Estrogens, with progestins

Activities of daily living–instrumental activities of daily living (ADL–IADL), assessment of ability to perform, in elderly

50–52

51

Activity See Exercise/activity

Actos See Pioglitazone

Acuity, visual See Visual acuity

Acular See Ketorolac

Acupuncture

1722–1729

1724

1725–1726

adverse events associated with

1724

1724

clinical uses of

1723–1729

1725–1726

history of use of

1723

mechanism of action of

1723

training/licensure/regulation of

1723

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

151

159–160

inflammation/redness caused by

151

153

159

pupillary dilation precipitating

153

159

177

Acute coronary syndromes

352–355

353

354

pathophysiology of

342

revascularization procedures for

354

354

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)

enterovirus 71 causing

1390–1391

poliomyelitis causing

1367

Acute interstitial pneumonitis (AIP)

277

Acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia

508

509

1663

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

508

Acute monoblastic leukemia

508

Acute mountain sickness

1604

Acute myeloblastic leukemia

508

Acute myelogenous leukemia

508

509

1663

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia

508

1663

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

508

Acute radiation syndrome

1600

1600–1601

Acute renal failure See Renal failure

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

309–311

310

acute gastric aspiration and

295

in burn injury

1598

in pancreatitis

696

in SARS

1385

smoke inhalation and

294

Acute respiratory failure

306–309

307

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), varicella zoster virus causing

1356–1357

Acute tubular necrosis See Tubular necrosis

Acute undifferentiated leukemia

508

Acyclovir

1352

1586–1587

cost of

1561

1562

for herpes simplex infections

108–109

1290

1336

1351

1352

1353

1354

1586–1587

for herpes zoster

110

1336

1352

1586

prophylactic/suppressive

108

109

1290

1586

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

topical

1586–1587

for varicella

1357–1358

1586

ADA diet recommendations for diabetes

1205

Adalat See Nifedipine

Adalimumab

805

for Crohn's disease

626

for rheumatoid arthritis

831

ADAMTS13 (von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease) deficiency

in hemolytic-uremic syndrome

522

in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

521

Adapalene gel, for acne

116

Addiction (drug) See also Substance use disorders

concerns about, pain management in terminally ill/dying patient and

73

in opioid therapy

73

1087

Addison's disease

1164–1167

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for

1166

1721

1721

HLA in

801

hypercalcemia and

1152

1166

hyperkalemia and

876

1164

hyperpigmentation in

143

1100

1165

hyponatremia and

869

1164

mental status changes and

1103

1165

Schmidt's syndrome and

1144

1165

1201

Adefovir

for hepatitis B

660

1352

1588

resistance to

1345

Adenitis See Lymphadenitis

Adenocarcinoma See specific type and Cancer

Adenolymphangitis, in filariasis

1522

Adenoma sebaceum

1006

Adenomas See specific type or structure or organ affected

P.1747

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene

635

637

1642

fecal DNA assay for

642

screening for

635

637

1643

Adenomatous polyps

614

colonoscopy in identification/treatment of

634

colorectal cancer and

633

635–637

637

638

familial

634–636

gastric

596

malignant

634

nonfamilial

633–635

of small intestine

610

614

Adenomyomatosis, biliary tract

685

Adenomyosis

737

Adenopathy See Lymphadenopathy

Adenosine, for arrhythmias

371

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

Adenosine triphosphatase, copper-transporting (ATP7B), in Wilson's disease

677

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe/SAM)

1719–1721

1720

in Pneumocystis pneumonia

1541

Adenovirus infections

1386–1387

conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis

156

1386

gastroenteritis

1299

1387

Adequate intake (AI)

1253

ADH See Antidiuretic hormone

Adhesion molecules, autoantibodies to, in pemphigus

125

ADHH See Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria

Adipokines

insulin action in obesity and

1196

thiazolidinediones affecting release of

1210

Adiponectin

insulin action in obesity and

1098

1196

thiazolidinediones affecting release of

1210

Adipose tissue (body fat) See also Obesity

distribution of in obesity

1267

in diabetics

1196

1198

1267

evaluation of

1263

Adjustment disorders

1041–1043

with depressed mood

1066

posthospital

1096

Adjuvant chemotherapy

1661

1679–1680

for bladder cancer

968

for breast cancer

719

720

1679

for colorectal cancer

640

1679

for esophageal cancer

579

for lung cancer

271

Adjuvant pain medications/treatments

80

ADL–IADL See Activities of daily living–instrumental activities of daily living

Adnexal masses See Ovarian tumors

ADPKD1/ADPKD2 genes

928

Adrenal cortex

1162–1174

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327

hyperplasia of

amenorrhea and

1183

congenital

1165

Cushing's syndrome caused by

1167

hyperaldosteronism caused by

1172

1173

hypoplasia of, congenital

1165

hypogonadism and

1104

physiology of

1162–1163

tumors of See Adrenal tumors

Adrenal crisis (acute adrenal insufficiency)

1163–1164

Adrenal hemorrhage, in Addison's disease

1165

Adrenal insufficiency See Adrenocortical insufficiency

Adrenal medulla

diseases of

1174–1178

transplantation of for parkinsonism

1010

Adrenal tumors

cortical

aldosterone-secreting

1172

1173

cancer

chemotherapy for

1665

hirsutism/virilization caused by

1171

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

cortisol-secreting, Cushing's syndrome caused by

1167

1168

1169

medullary See Pheochromocytoma

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1191

Adrenalectomy/medical adrenalectomy

for breast cancer

722

in male

727

for congenital adrenal hyperplasia

1171

for Conn's syndrome

1173

for Cushing's syndrome

1169

hyperpigmentation after

1100

Adrenergic drugs See Alpha-adrenergic agonists; Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs; Beta-adrenergic agonists; Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

Adrenocortical insufficiency

1105

1106

acute (adrenal crisis)

1163–1164

chronic

1164–1167

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for

1721

1721

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327

hypercalcemia and

1152

hyperkalemia and

876

1163

hyponatremia and

869

1163

perioperative glucocorticoid replacement and

46

Adrenocorticosteroids See Corticosteroids

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

deficiency of

1105

hyponatremia caused by

869

ectopic/hypersecretion of

1167

1168–1169

1178

1191

hyperpigmentation caused by

1100

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1735

plasma levels of

in acute adrenal insufficiency

1163

in Addison's disease

1166

in Cushing's syndrome

1168

Adrenoleukodystrophy

1165

1166

1167

Adriamycin See Doxorubicin

Adson test

467

1031

Adult respiratory distress syndrome See Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Adult Still's disease

833

Adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL)

1375

Advair Diskus See Fluticasone, for asthma, with salmeterol

Advance directives

70

Adventitial disease, popliteal

456

Adventitious breath sounds

221

Advexin

1701

Advil See Ibuprofen

Adynamic bone disease

911

Adynamic (paralytic) ileus

607–608

vincristine therapy and

1684

Aedes mosquitoes See Mosquitoes

Aeroallergens

in allergic rhinitis

788

in asthma

226–227

avoidance therapy for allergies caused by

788–789

AeroBid See Flunisolide

Aerodigestive tract See also specific structure

foreign bodies in

214

Aerophagia

544

Affect

assessment of in mental status exam

1038

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

Afibrinogenemia

528

AFP See Acute flaccid paralysis; Alpha-fetoprotein

African trypanosomiasis

1463–1465

Age/aging

49–66

accommodative loss and (presbyopia)

154

atrial fibrillation and

374–375

375

benign prostatic hyperplasia and

955

burn injury survival and

1596

as cancer risk factor

1639

cellular, cancer etiology and

1641

colorectal cancer and

637

fever/FUO and

1286

gynecomastia and

1100

hearing loss and (presbyacusis)

51

52

180

187–188

kidneys and

930

maternal

Down's syndrome and

1705

mutations and

1705

prenatal testing/genetic counseling and

764

765

paternal, mutations and

1705

postoperative delirium and

44

44

prostate cancer and

962

psychologic disorders and

1094

renal disorders and

930

sleep changes and

1078

weight loss and

28

64

Age-related macular degeneration

164–165

Age-related maculopathy

164

Agenerase See Amprenavir

Agglutination assays

800

Agglutinins, febrile

1287

Aggression

1081–1082

alcohol use/abuse and

1081

1083

anabolic steroid use and

1090

in cognitive disorders, management of

1093

phencyclidine use/abuse and

1058

1081

1088

Aggrestat See Tirofiban

Aging See Age/aging

Agitation, in terminally ill/dying patient

81

Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (myelofibrosis)

500

503–504

Agnosia, intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

Agoraphobia

1044

panic disorder and

1043

Agouti-related peptide, in obesity

1098

Agranulocytosis See also Neutropenia

drug-induced

498–499

499

clozapine causing

1060

1063

mirtazapine causing

1071

thiourea therapy causing

1139

AI (adequate intake)

1253

AIDS See HIV infection/AIDS

AIDS dementia complex (HIV-associated cognitive/motor complex)

1092

1324

AIDS wasting syndrome

1321–1322

AIP See Acute interstitial pneumonitis

P.1748

Air bronchogram, in ARDS

310

Air embolism, underwater diving/air travel and

1603

Air travel

auditory tube dysfunction/otic barotrauma and

183

184

contraindications to

1606

decompression/dysbaric illness and

1603

medical effects/selection of patients for

1605–1606

1606

during pregnancy

767

1606

retinal detachment and

164

Airway disorders

225–247

allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis

244

asthma

226–238

occupational

227

297

bronchiectasis

243–244

bronchiolitis

246–247

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

238–243

cystic fibrosis

244–246

lower airway

225–226

obstruction

in anaphylaxis

792

in deep neck infections

207

in diphtheria

1413

1414

dyspnea and

23

23

218

by food (caf coronary)

294

foreign body causing

214

of lower airways

225–226

occupational disorders and

297

during sleep (obstructive sleep apnea)

305–306

tracheotomy and cricothyrotomy for

213–214

of upper airways

225

respiratory failure caused by

307

thermal injury, smoke inhalation and

293

1596

upper airway

225

Airway management See also Intubation

burn injury and

1596

for coma

1607

1608

1608

tracheotomy and cricothyrotomy in

213–214

Akathisia, antipsychotic drugs causing

1013

1063–1064

Akinesia, in Huntington's disease

1011

Akinetic mutism (persistent vegetative state)

1019

Akineton See Biperiden

AL protein See Amyloidosis

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

in alcoholic liver disease

664

in biliary pancreatitis

694

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

651

1735

in liver disease/jaundice

650

651

in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

667

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

772

in viral hepatitis

656

Al-Anon

1085

Albendazole

for ascariasis

1518–1519

for cysticercosis

1512

for enterobiasis/pinworm infection

1521

1522

for filariasis

1523

1523–1524

for giardiasis

1480

for hookworm disease

1526

for hydatid disease

1514

1514–1515

for loiasis

1527

for strongyloidiasis

1531

for trichuriasis/whipworm

1534

Albinism

143

143–144

Albumin

ascitic fluid

560

serum levels of

calcium levels and

877

1146

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1735

in liver disease/jaundice

651

in nephrotic syndrome

920

in protein-calorie undernutrition

1263

in protein-losing enteropathy

614

therapeutic administration of

in cirrhosis

671

in peritonitis

562

urinary See Albuminuria

Albuminuria

934

in diabetes/diabetic nephropathy

923

1222

Albuterol

for asthma

233

234

235

for hyperkalemia

876

877

Alcoholic (organic) hallucinosis

1084

1085–1086

1092

Alclometasone

87

Alcohol addiction

1083

Alcohol use/dependency/abuse (alcoholism)

1083–1086

acupuncture for

1729

acute intoxication/poisoning

1083–1084

osmolar gap and

872

1614

1614

aggressive/violent behavior and

1081

1083

amnestic syndrome and

1092

anxiety self-treatment and

1046

atrial fibrillation and

375

breast cancer and

1648

breast feeding and

786

in cardiomyopathy

401

402

cirrhosis and

664

668

hepatocellular carcinoma and

682

683

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for

1719

1721

complications associated with

1084

delirium caused by

1084

1091

1093

depression and

1067

1075

1083

differential diagnosis of

1084

drowning accidents and

1602

esophageal cancer and

577

fatty liver and

663–665

gastritis and

583

genetic factors and

1083

hyperosmolality caused by

872

hypertension and

421

422

426

hypertriglyceridemia and

1243

1244

1252

hypoglycemia associated with

1234

1234

1238

hypophosphatemia and

881

ketoacidosis and

888

laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and

211

lipid abnormalities associated with

1243

1244

liver disease associated with

663–665

Mallory-Weiss syndrome and

552

572

neuropathy associated with

1025

oral cancer and

202

in pancreatitis

693

697

in panic disorder

1043

porphyria cutanea tarda and

112

pregnancy and

764–765

1084

preventable deaths caused by

2

prevention of/screening tests for

17

18

19

1083

psychotic behavior associated with (alcoholic hallucinosis)

1084

1085–1086

1092

sleep disorders and

1079

thiamin deficiency in

1084

1103

1272

Wernicke's encephalopathy/Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and

1017

1084

1092

1103

withdrawal and

1084

1086

delirium caused by

1084

1093

differential diagnosis of

1084

seizures caused by

980

985–986

1084

Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)

17

18

Alcoholic brain syndromes, chronic

1084

1086

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

401

402

Alcoholic hepatitis

663–665

Alcoholic hyaline (Mallory bodies/hyalin)

667

Alcoholic ketoacidosis

888

Alcoholics Anonymous

1075

1085

Aldactazide See Spironolactone, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide

Aldactone See Spironolactone

Aldesleukin See also Interleukin-2 for cancer chemotherapy

1674

Aldicarb poisoning

1631–1632

Aldolase, in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

841

Aldomet See Methyldopa

Aldosterone

1162–1163

drugs blocking receptors for, for hypertension

429

regimen for use of

440

potassium balance/hypokalemia and

873

874

serum/urine levels of

laboratory reference range for

1735

in primary hyperaldosteronism

1173

Aldosteronism See Hyperaldosteronism

Aldosteronoma

1172

1173

Aldrin, poisoning caused by

1622

Alemtuzumab

1667

1676

Alendronate See also Bisphosphonates

adverse ocular effects of

179

for osteoporosis prevention/management

1157

for Paget's disease of bone

1162

Aleukemic leukemia

508

Aleve See Naproxen

Alfacon-1 See also Interferon-a

for SARS

1386

Alfieri procedure, for mitral valve prolapse

331

Alfuzosin, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

959

Alimentary hypoglycemia

1234

1234

functional

1234

1238

postgastrectomy

1234

1234

1238

Alimentary tract

536–648

Alimta See Pemetrexed

Alkali administration See Bicarbonate

Alkalies, caustic/corrosive

1617–1618

1617

esophageal injury caused by

571–572

1617–1618

eye injury caused by

172

1611

1618

Alkaline phosphatase

in alcoholic hepatitis

664

in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis

689

in cirrhosis

669

in fatty liver of pregnancy

779

in hepatocellular carcinoma

682

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

651

1735

leukocyte, laboratory reference range for

1740

in liver disease/jaundice

650

651

P.1749

in osteomalacia

1160

in Paget's disease of bone

1161

Alkalinization, urine See Urine, alkalinization of

Alkalosis

contraction

892

leg cramps and

1102

metabolic

886

891–893

892

mixed

885

posthypercapnia

892

893

respiratory

886

893–894

894

salicylate overdose/toxicity causing

1634

saline-responsive

891–892

892

893

saline-unresponsive

892

892

893

Alkaptonuria

1704

Alkylating agents

1672

secondary malignancies and

1644–1645

ALL See Acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia

Allen test

in Raynaud's disease/phenomenon

465

in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

462

Allergen immunotherapy See Immunotherapy

Allergens

asthma caused by

226–227

788

avoidance of

for allergic contact dermatitis

114

for allergic rhinitis

198

skin testing for, drug allergies and

793

1315–1316

Allergic alveolitis, extrinsic (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

296–297

296

Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)

292

leukotriene modifiers for asthma and

234

renal involvement in

916

918

Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis

244

1544

Allergic conjunctivitis

157

Allergic contact dermatitis

91

113–115

impetigo differentiated from

113

114

urticarial lesions in

121–122

Allergic eye disease

157

Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

197–198

788–791

conjunctivitis and

157

nasal polyps and

197

200

Allergic vasculitis, drugs causing

147

793

Allergies/allergic reactions

788–795

anaphylactic

791–792

angioedema and

121

asthma and

226–227

788

avoidance therapy for

788–789

drug therapy for

789–790

789

to drugs and foods

792–794

1315–1316

in HIV infection/AIDS

1320

immune complex disease

794–795

immunotherapy for

789

790–791

to insect stings, venom immunotherapy and

792

to insulin

1220–1221

pseudoallergic (anaphylactoid)

791

795

to schistosomes (acute schistosomiasis/Katayama fever)

1502

urticaria caused by

121–122

Allgrove's (triple A) syndrome

1165

1167

Allicin

1712

1714

Allium sativum (garlic)

1712

1714–1715

Allogeneic melanoma cell lysate vaccine

1700

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation

802

1661

Alloimmunization, platelet transfusion and

534–535

Allopurinol

drug interactions of

813–814

azathioprine dosage adjustments and

814

1691

for hyperuricemia/gout

812–813

in cancer patients

1677

1691

1692

Almonds (bitter), odor of in cyanide poisoning

1623

Alocril See Nedocromil

Alomide See Lodoxamide

Alopecia

144–145

androgenetic/androgenic (pattern)

144

in women

144

1170

1172

areata

144–145

drug-induced

145

148

totalis

144

universalis

144

Alora See Estradiol transdermal systems

Alosetron, for irritable bowel syndrome

618

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

for allergies

789

for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

perioperative administration of

37–38

38

Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs

for benign prostatic hyperplasia

958

959

for hypertension

437

438

Alpha₂-antiplasmin, in coagulopathy of liver disease

529

Alpha₁-antiprotease/antitrypsin

in COPD/emphysema

240

replacement therapy and

242

laboratory reference range for

1736

in protein-losing enteropathy

614

Alpha (α) chain disease

798

Alpha-fetoprotein

in cancer screening

1687

in hepatocellular carcinoma

682

683

laboratory reference range for

1738

prenatal testing for

765

1705

response to chemotherapy evaluated by

1686

testicular tumors producing

972

1182

Alpha-globin gene

484

484

in alpha thalassemia syndromes

484

484

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, for diabetes mellitus

1208

1211

Alpha interferon See Interferon-a

Alpha- (α) linolenic acid, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1257

Alpha- (α) melanocortin receptors, in obesity

1098

Alpha- (α) melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in obesity

1098

5-Alpha-reductase, deficiency of

1171

5-Alpha-reductase inhibitors See Finasteride

Alpha thalassemia syndromes

484–486

484

sickle cell disease and

494

494

Alpha thalassemia trait

485

486

Alpha-tocopherol

1277

Alphagan See Brimonidine

αMSH See Alpha- (α) melanocyte-stimulating hormone

ALPL gene, in hypophosphatasia

1160

Alprazolam

1044–1045

1045

breast feeding and

786

Alprostadil, for erectile dysfunction

952

1224

ALT See Alanine aminotransferase

Altace See Ramipril

Alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator/t-PA) See also Thrombolytic therapy

for arterial thrombosis

462

for deep venous thrombosis

472

for myocardial infarction

358

359

Altered mental status See Mental status, altered

Alternaria, phaeohyphomycosis caused by

1550

Alternative medicine See Complementary/alternative medicine

Altitude

decompression/dysbaric illness and

1603

PO₂ affected by

224

224

Altitude illness

1604–1605

Aluminum preparations

nutrients affected by

1260

osteomalacia caused by

911

1160

Alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A–a DO₂)

in asthma

228

in COPD

238

in hepatopulmonary syndrome

673

in pulmonary embolism

281

Alveolar hemorrhage syndromes

293

Alveolar (multilocular) hydatid disease

1513

1515

Alveolar hypoventilation

central

305

obesity and (Pickwickian syndrome)

305

primary (Ondine's curse)

304–305

Alveolar proteinosis

279–280

Alveolar volume, ratio of to diffusing capacity (D_LCO/V_A)

223

Alveolitis

275

cryptogenic fibrosing (idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia)

276–278

277–278

extrinsic allergic (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

296–297

296

Alzheimer's Association

57

Alzheimer's disease

55–58

1092

clinical features of

56

1092

estrogen replacement therapy and

761

1187

hypertension and

425

seizures in

980

treatment of

57–58

1093

ginkgo in

57

1712

1715

Amanita mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

1630

Amanitin toxin (amatoxin), poisoning with mushrooms containing

1629

1630

1630

Amantadine

1352

1586

for influenza treatment/prevention

1352

1384

1586

for parkinsonism

1008

Amaryl See Glimepiride

Amatoxin (amanitin toxin), poisoning with mushrooms containing

1629

1630

1630

Amaurosis fugax

166

991

Ambien See Zolpidem

AmBisome See Liposomal amphotericin B

Amblyomma americanus, ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis transmitted by

1397

Ambulation, postoperative, in venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism prevention

286

471

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

419

Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring

in angina

346

in arrhythmia evaluation

367

seizures and

983

in syncope evaluation

385

P.1750

Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring

565

in chronic aspiration of gastric contents

294

in gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux

210

565

566

Ambulatory restraints, for aggressive/violent patient

1082

Amcinonide

87

Amebas, pathogenic free-living

1472–1474

meningoencephalitis caused by

1295

Amebiasis (entamoeba infection)

1467–1472

1471

extraintestinal

1468–1472

1471

hepatic (amebic liver abscess)

1468–1472

1471

intestinal

545

546

549

550

1299

1467–1472

1471

Amebic encephalitis/meningoencephalitis

1295

1473

Amebic liver abscess (hepatic amebiasis)

1468–1472

1471

Amebic ulcers

1468

Amebicides

1470–1472

1471

adverse reactions to

1472

ocular

179

Ameboma

1468

1471

Amelanotic (nonpigmented) melanoma

94

Amen See Progestins

Amenorrhea

1183–1190

in anorexia nervosa

1270

breast feeding and

784

in hyperprolactinemia

1114

1184

1185

in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome)

746

1184

pregnancy causing

1183

1184

1185

primary

1183–1184

secondary

1184–1189

American Diabetes Association diet recommendations

1205

American ginseng

1717

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease)

1465–1467

achalasia in

580

myocarditis in

399

1466

AMG 073 See Cinacalcet

Amicar See e-Aminocaproic acid

Amifostine

for chemotherapy-induced toxicity

1677

cisplatin therapy and

1685

for radiation therapy-induced toxicity

1683

Amikacin

1572

1572

1574

cost of

1561

monitoring concentrations of

1574

1733

therapy adjustments in renal failure and

1572

1573

Amikin See Amikacin

Amiloride

hyperkalemia caused by

876

for hypertension

429

with hydrochlorothiazide

430

lithium interactions and

1077

Amino acids, essential

1253–1257

p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA), sulfonamide mechanism of action and

1575

ε-Aminocaproic acid (EACA)

for disseminated intravascular coagulation

531

hyperkalemia caused by

875

for intracranial aneurysm

997

for von Willebrand's disease

524

Aminoglutethimide, for prostate cancer

966

Aminoglycosides

1572–1574

1572

monitoring serum levels of

1573

nephrotoxicity/renal failure caused by

903

1573

neuromuscular transmission affected by

1035

ototoxicity of

1573

resistance to

1572

therapy adjustments in renal failure and

1572

1572

1573

Aminophylline

for asthma

236

lithium interactions and

1077

for lithium overdose/toxicity

1076

Aminoquinolines, for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1488

Aminosalicylic acid

for inflammatory bowel disease

620–621

Crohn's disease

620–621

625

ulcerative colitis

620–621

628

629

nutrients affected by

1260

Aminosidine See Paromomycin

Aminotransferase levels See also Alanine aminotransferase; Aspartate aminotransferase

in cholecystitis

686

in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis

689

in chronic hepatitis

657

in shock liver (ischemic hepatopathy)

680

Amiodarone

adverse ocular effects of

178

for arrhythmias

370

377

379

breast feeding and

786

epididymitis and

943

hyperthyroidism caused by

1136

1137

hypothyroidism caused by

1131

1133

1136

postinfarction

365

Amitriptyline

1072

for migraine prophylaxis

976

monitoring concentrations of

1733

for neuropathic pain/painful diabetic neuropathy

79

1223

AML See Acute myelogenous leukemia

Amlodipine See also Calcium channel blocking drugs

for cardiac failure

395

for hypertension

435

436

439

overdose/toxicity of

1621

Ammonia

in hepatic encephalopathy

672

laboratory reference range for

1735

Amnesia

in delirium

1092

dissociative

1044

Amnestic syndrome

1092

Amoxapine

1071

1072

Amoxicillin/amoxicillin-clavulanate

1563

1564

for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment

1412

1412

cost of

1562

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1418

for Lyme disease

1461

1461

toxicity of

1565

“AMP”

1088

Amphetamines

adverse ocular effects of

178

for obesity

1269

overdose/abuse of

1088–1089

1618

psychotic behavior caused by

1058

Amphotec See Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion

Amphotericin B

1548

1582–1583

for candidiasis

1537

1582

for coccidioidomycosis

1540

for cryptococcal meningitis

1335

1543

1582

for histoplasmosis

1538–1539

for leishmaniasis

1481

1482

1483

1484

1485

1583

lipoprotein/lipid-based preparations of

1548

1550

1583

for mucormycosis

197

1545

nephrotoxicity/renal failure caused by

903

1550

1583

nutrients affected by

1260

prophylactic

1582

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

1582

1583

Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion

1583

Amphotericin B lipid complex

1548

1583

Ampicillin

1563

1564

allopurinol interactions and

813–814

cost of

1561

1562

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1418

1418

1419

rash caused by

1565

in mononucleosis

1358

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

for urinary tract infection

939

Ampicillin-sulbactam

1564

cost of

1561

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

Amprenavir

1338

1341

1343

Ampullary adenoma

610

Ampullary carcinoma

610

700

Amputation

in arterial embolism

461

in arterial thrombosis

462

for frostbite

1592

Amrinone, for infarct-associated left heart failure

363

AMS See Acute mountain sickness

Amsler charts, for visual field testing

152

Amsterdam criteria, in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

636

Amyl nitrite

abuse of

1090

for cyanide poisoning

1623

1623

heart murmurs affected by

329

Amylase

in pancreatic enzyme supplements

699

serum levels of

laboratory reference range for

1735

in pancreatitis

694

698

Amyloidosis

797–799

922–923

cancer-related

1697

cardiomyopathy and

404

familial Mediterranean fever and

563

myeloma and

515

neuropathies in

1025

renal

922–923

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

1022

1023

dementia and

56

1022

Amyotrophy

diabetic

1025

1223

neuralgic (idiopathic brachial plexus neuropathy)

1031

ANA See Antinuclear antibody

Anabolic steroids

abuse of

1090

gynecomastia and

1100

for AIDS wasting

1322

Anaerobic infections

1434–1436

1435

pneumonia

248

252

254

255

255–256

1434

Anafranil See Clomipramine

Anakinra

805

832

P.1751

Anal cancer

648

in HIV infection/AIDS

648

1329

HPV infection and

1644

Anal fissures

647

bleeding from

555

647

in Crohn's disease

623

624

Anal gonorrhea

645

1431

1432

Anal sphincter, disorders of, fecal incontinence and

646–647

Anal syphilis

645

1448

Analgesia/analgesics See also specific type or disorder and Pain management

acupuncture and

1723

1724–1728

1725

1726

breast feeding and

785

caffeine-containing

1089

for chronic pain disorders

1051

in elderly

65

nutrients affected by

1260

tubulointerstitial disease caused by

926

927

ureter and renal pelvic cancer and

969

Analgesic nephropathy

926

927

Anaphylactic transfusion reactions

534

Anaphylactoid (Henoch-Sch nlein) purpura

850

917–918

917

Anaphylactoid (pseudoallergic) reactions

791

795

Anaphylaxis

791–792

desensitization/immunotherapy therapy and

792

1316

insect stings causing, venom immunotherapy and

792

penicillin allergy causing

1316

1564–1565

1565

Anaplasma (anaplasmosis)

1396–1397

equi

1392

phagocytophilum

1392

1397

Anaprox See Naproxen

Anasarca

559

Anastrozole

719

721

722–723

1670

1673

ANCA See Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

Ancef See Cefazolin

Ancobon See Flucytosine

Ancylostoma

braziliense

1519

caninum

1519

1526

duodenale

1525

1526

Androderm See Testosterone transdermal systems

Androgel See Testosterone transdermal systems

Androgen deprivation, for prostate cancer

965

966

966

Androgen insensitivity/resistance

male hypogonadism caused by

1180

pseudohermaphroditism/amenorrhea in

1183

Androgenetic (androgenic/pattern) baldness

144

in women

144

1170

1172

Androgens See also Antiandrogens; Testosterone

adrenal

1163

in benign prostatic hyperplasia

955

for cancer chemotherapy

1673

deficiency of

male sexual dysfunction and

951

1180

in women, replacement and

1188–1189

excess of See Hyperandrogenism

Androstanediol glucuronide

1170

Androstenedione

1170

adrenal

1163

in hirsutism/virilization

1170

1171

Anemias

481–498

of chronic disease

483–484

in histoplasmosis

1538

in cirrhosis

669

672

classification of

481

482

in colorectal cancer

638

fish tapeworm infection and

487

1509

in hairy cell leukemia

512

hemolytic See Hemolytic anemias/hemolysis

in hookworm disease

1525

in hypophosphatemia

881

882

macrocytic

481

482

malabsorption and

600

microangiopathic

490

497

521

microcytic

481

482

483

in myelodysplasia

506

507

in myelofibrosis

503

in myeloma

515

during pregnancy

775

preoperative evaluation/management of patient with

43

refractory

506

in renal failure

896

901

910

in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

521

in Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia

517

Anergy, in skin test panel

measles causing

1363

negative tuberculin skin test and

259

in sarcoidosis

279

Anesthesia/anesthetics

physiologic effects of

35

liver function and

42

surgery in cardiac patient and

414

415

Aneurysms

446–452

atherosclerosis and

446

back pain caused by

447

449

817

Angel dust

1088

Angiitis

allergic, granulomatosis and See Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis

primary, of central nervous system

851

Angina

Ludwig's

207

pectoris

343–349

alteration in before myocardial infarction

355–356

in aortic regurgitation

335

in aortic stenosis

333

apathetic hyperthyroidism and

1138

1142

cardiac failure and

387

389

395–396

chest pain in

312

343

coronary vasospasm and

347

evaluation of

344–347

clinical findings

343–344

in preoperative risk assessment

36

36–37

37

jaw pain and

343

979

pathophysiology of

342

postinfarction

361

Prinzmetal's (variant)

347

prognosis for

349

349

in pulmonary embolism

282

revascularization procedures for

349–352

risk reduction and

349

surgery in patients with

415

treatment of

for acute attack

348

for prevention of additional attacks

348–349

unstable See Acute coronary syndromes; Unstable angina

Angiodysplasias (vascular ectasias), gastrointestinal bleeding and

552

554–555

Angioedema

121–122

791–792

ACE inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy and

121

433

Angiofibroma

juvenile

200–201

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1191

Angiogenesis inhibitors, in cancer treatment

1699

Angiography/arteriography See also specific disorder

cardiac/coronary

317–318

346–347

postinfarction

365

cerebral See Cerebral angiography/arteriography; Neuroimaging

in gastrointestinal bleeding

556

interventional See also Embolization

for gastrointestinal bleeding

556

left ventricular

347

magnetic resonance See Magnetic resonance angiography

in polyarteritis nodosa

845

pulmonary, in pulmonary embolism

283–284

radionuclide

in angina

345

in cardiac failure

390

in myocardial infarction

357

renal

900

in renal artery stenosis/renal vascular hypertension

460

914

spiral CT See Spiral (helical) CT

in Takayasu arteritis (pulseless disease)

463

Angiomas/angiomatosis

bacillary

1328

1433

1434

in Sturge-Weber syndrome

1006

Angiomyolipomas, of kidney

970

Angioplasty See also Endovascular surgery/prostheses

carotid

457

percutaneous transluminal coronary See Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

for renal artery stenosis

460

914

Angiosarcoma

476

Angiostatin

1699

Angiostrongylus (angiostrongyliasis)

1516–1517

cantonensis (eosinophilic meningoencephalitis)

1516–1517

costaricensis (eosinophilic ileocolitis)

1517

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

in hypertension

422

laboratory reference range for

1736

in sarcoidosis

279

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

for acute coronary syndromes

353

anaphylaxis in patient taking

792

angioedema/urticaria and

121

433

for aortic regurgitation

335

for cardiac failure

391–392

infarct-associated

365–366

renal failure and

910

cough and

219

433

for heart disease prevention

341–342

hyperkalemia caused by

876

for hypertension

433

434

in combination products

439

contraindications to in pregnancy

417

779

in diabetics

425

433

440

440

923

1203–1205

1205

1222

1225

regimen for use of

437–439

440

renal artery stenosis and

423

hyponatremia caused by idiosyncratic reaction to

869

P.1752

lithium interactions and

1077

1077

for myocardial infarction

353

360

365–366

prerenal azotemia caused by

901

for proteinuria

897

Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents

angioedema/urticaria and

121

for cardiac failure

392

infarct-related

365–366

renal failure and

910

hyperkalemia caused by

876

for hypertension

433–435

434–435

in combination products

439

contraindications to in pregnancy

417

in diabetics

433

435

440

440

923

1205

regimen for use of

437–439

440

for myocardial infarction

360

for proteinuria

897

Angle closure, pupillary dilation and

153

159

177

Angle-closure glaucoma See Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Angular cheilitis, in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

Anhedonia

1066

Anidulofungin

1585

Animal bites

1296–1297

local treatment of

1296

1370

poisonous snake

1611

1635–1636

rabies and

1297

1369

1370

Animal danders, avoidance therapy for allergies caused by

788

Anion gap

886

886

decreased

886

887

in poisoning/drug overdose

888

1614

reference range (normal values) for

886

in renal tubular acidosis

889

889

urinary, in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

889

890

Anion gap acidosis See also Anion gap

alcoholic ketoacidosis and

888

diabetic ketoacidosis and

887–888

increased

886

887–888

890–891

lactic acidosis and

887

normal

886

889

with osmolar gap

872

1614

in poisoning/drug overdose

888

1614

with methanol or ethylene glycol

888

1628

with salicylates

888

in renal failure

888

901

Anisakiasis (Anisakis marina)

1515–1516

gastritis caused by

585

1516

Anisocoria, physiologic

152

Ankle-brachial index (ABI/ABPI), in venous insufficiency/lower extremity occlusive disease

25–26

142

453

Ankle sprains

826

Ankylosing hyperostosis

853

Ankylosing spondylitis

852–853

back pain caused by

817

818

852

HLA in

801

851

852

Ankylosis, in rheumatoid arthritis

827

Annuloplasty, for tricuspid regurgitation

337

Anogenital pruritus

133–134

648

in enterobiasis/pinworm infection

1521

Anogenital warts See Venereal (genital) warts

Anopheles mosquitoes See Mosquitoes

Anorectal disorders

643–648

bleeding in

554

555

chlamydial

645

constipation and

542

in Crohn's disease

623

624

gonococcal

645

1431

1432

in herpes simplex infection

645

infections

645–646

in lymphogranuloma venereum

645

1440–1441

in syphilis

645

1448

venereal warts

128

645–646

Anorexia

in HIV infection/AIDS

1321–1322

nervosa

1270–1271

bulimia and (bulimarexia)

1271–1272

unintended weight loss and

1099–1100

1270–1271

Anorgasmia See Orgasm, loss of

Anoscopy, in gastrointestinal bleeding

555

Anosmia, in frontal lobe lesions

1001

Anosognosia, intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

Anovulation

dysfunctional uterine bleeding and

728

729

infertility and, ovulation induction and

749–750

persistent See Polycystic ovary syndrome

Ansaid See Flurbiprofen

Anserine bursitis

825

Antacids See also Acid-antisecretory agents

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

benzodiazepine interactions and

1046

diarrhea caused by

549

for gastroesophageal reflux disease

568

nutrients affected by

1260

for peptic ulcer disease

589

Anterior chest wall syndrome

344

Anterior communicating artery, in stroke

991

Anterior drawer sign, in ankle sprain

826

Anterior interosseous syndrome

1028

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

169

in giant cell arteritis

169

846

Anterior segment examination

153

Anterior talofibular ligament, ankle sprains involving

826

Anterior uveitis

162

Anthracenediones, secondary malignancies and

1644–1645

Anthracyclines

for breast cancer

720

cardiomyopathy caused by

1685

Anthrax

1411–1413

1412

1553

Anthrax vaccine

1413

Anthropometric measurements

1263

Antiandrogens

for cancer chemotherapy

1670

1673

for prostate cancer

965

966

966

for hirsutism/virilization

1171–1172

pregnancy and

1172

Antianginal drugs

348–349

preoperative

37–38

38

Antiangiogenesis agents, in cancer treatment

1699

Antianxiety drugs

1044–1047

1045

1046

breast feeding and

786

Antiarrhythmic drugs

368–371

369–371

for arrhythmias in poisoning/drug overdose

1609

in cardiac failure

395

for infarct-associated arrhythmias

361

overdose/toxicity of

368–371

1634

prophylactic, in myocardial infarction

361

Anti-B23 antibodies, in scleroderma

839

Antibacterial agents

1577–1578

Antibiotic-associated (Clostridium difficile)

colitis/diarrhea

545

546

618–620

1300

1302

Antibiotic cycling, for prevention of drug resistance

1292

Antibiotics See also specific type or disorder and

Antimicrobial therapy

for acne

88

116–117

adverse reactions/toxicity and

1560

ocular

179

allergy to

791

testing for

793

for asthma

236

for bacterial overgrowth

605

for bite wounds

1296–1297

for brain abscess

1004

1555

for bronchiectasis

244

Clostridium difficile colitis/diarrhea and

545

546

618–620

1300

1302

for COPD

241–242

cost of

1560

1561–1562

for Crohn's disease

625

for cystic fibrosis

246

for diarrhea

548

1300

for diverticulitis

632

in fever management

28

1555

for gram-negative bacteremia and sepsis

1424

1552–1553

in H pylori eradication therapy

589

590

for impetigo

89

113

1401

1556

for liver abscess, pyogenic

681

for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1488

1495

for meningitis

1293

1293

for nosocomial infection

1292

ophthalmic

175

oral contraceptive failure and

117

for pelvic inflammatory disease

742–743

for pharyngitis

205–206

1401

1556

for pneumonia

252

254–255

256

1556

prophylactic See Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis

resistance to

1551

routes of administration for

1560

specialized

1577–1578

for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

561

561–562

671

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558–1559

topical

for acne

88

116

for impetigo

89

113

for urinary tract infection

939

1555

for Whipple's disease

604

Antibodies See also Immunoglobulins

infections associated with defects in

1289

in common variable immunodeficiency

796

monoclonal, in cancer chemotherapy

1666–1667

radiolabeled, for cancer therapy

1660

1667–1668

toxin-linked, for cancer therapy

1667

in virus identification

1349

Antibody-mediated autoimmunity

798

Anticancer drugs See Chemotherapy

Anticarcinogens (cancer chemoprevention)

1648–1654

breast cancer and

706

1651–1652

1652

colorectal cancer and

638

1279

1650

Anticardiolipin antibodies

532

835

837

P.1753

in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

837

pregnancy loss and

775

776

837

stroke and

993

in systemic lupus erythematosus

835

836

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody See Rituximab

Anticentromere antibody

799

836

839

Anticholinergic agents

adverse ocular effects of

178

for allergic disorders/rhinitis

198

789

790

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for asthma

234–236

235

for COPD

241

for irritable bowel syndrome

617

for nausea and vomiting

540

overdose/toxicity of

1008

1611

1620

for parkinsonism

1004

1008

Anticholinergic syndrome/effects

1614

of antidepressants

1071

1072

1637

of antipsychotic drugs

1062

hallucinogens causing

1627

of over-the-counter cold remedies, adverse effects in elderly and

65–66

in poisoning/drug overdose

1614

with antidepressants

1071

1072

Anticholinergic-type mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

Anticholinesterases

for Alzheimer's disease/dementia

57

58

1093

for myasthenia gravis diagnosis/treatment

1034

nerve agents in chemical warfare and

1621–1622

overdose/toxicity/poisoning with

1611

1631–1632

Anticipation, genetic

1705

Anticipatory anxiety, in panic disorders

1043

Anticoagulant, lupus See Lupus anticoagulant

Anticoagulation therapy

for acute coronary syndromes

352

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for arterial embolism

375

376

377

461

for atrial fibrillation

375

376

377

in elderly

65

in hyperthyroidism

1137

1141–1142

for atrial flutter

378

breast feeding and

785

for cardiac failure

395

after cardiac valve replacement

338–339

endocarditis and

1419

pregnancy and

339

for deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism

in prevention

284

286

287

471–472

in treatment

284–289

288

472

in elderly

65

in endocarditis

1419

ginkgo interactions and

1715

for hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome)

679

for hypercoagulability states

532

for lupus anticoagulant-anticardiolipin-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

776

835

837

for myocardial infarction

352

361

after thrombolytic therapy

359

for nephrotic syndrome

921

overdose/toxicity of

1618–1619

for pulmonary hypertension

292

411

for stroke

457

994

for transient ischemic attacks

457

990

Anticonstipation agents See Fiber, dietary; Laxatives

Anticonvulsant therapy

983–985

984–985

for bipolar disease/mania

1077–1078

1078

breast feeding and

786

complex drug reaction caused by

149

discontinuing

985

drug selection and

983

984–985

for glossopharyngeal neuralgia

979

984–985

glucocorticoid interactions and

1192

monitoring serum levels during

983

for myoclonus

1013

for neuropathic pain

79

nutrients affected by

1260

overdose/toxicity and

984–985

1619

for posttraumatic stress disorder

1042

during pregnancy

780

for status epilepticus

986

for trigeminal neuralgia

978

984–985

Antidepressants

1068–1073

1069

1071

1072

1074

adverse ocular effects of

178

for aggressive/violent patient

1093

for anxiety

1044

1046

1070

1071

atypical

1070–1071

breast feeding and

785

1070

combination therapy and

1073

dispensing

1068

1068–1069

dose tapering and

1073

drug interactions of

1070

1074

for dyspepsia

537

in elderly

58–59

1095

for irritable bowel syndrome

617

lithium as augmenting agent for

1068

1073

1075–1076

maintenance therapy with

1073

monitoring concentrations of

1071

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

1071–1073

1072

for neuropathic pain/painful diabetic neuropathy

79–80

79

1223

for obsessive-compulsive disorder

1047

1070

1071

overdose/toxicity of

1070

1071

1072

1073

1629

1637–1638

arrhythmias and

1071

1637

1637

seizures and

1071

1637

suicidal

1068

1068–1069

1637

for panic attacks

1046

1070

1071

for personality disorder

1056

for posttraumatic stress disorder

1042

1070

during pregnancy

1070

for psychotic depression

1061

1068

1071

selection of

1068

serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

1070–1071

1072

sexual dysfunction caused by

1070

1071

switching agents and

1073

thyroid medication/liothyronine as augmenting agent for

1068

1073

tricyclic

1071

1072

for unresponsive gastroesophageal reflux disease

569

Antidiabetic agents, oral

1206–1212

1207

1208

adverse ocular effects of

179

in combination preparations

1208

1211

intensive therapy with

1203–1205

for nonobese type 2 diabetic

1218

for obese type 2 diabetic

1217

during pregnancy

777

1226

in prevention/delay of diabetes

1202

safety of

1211–1212

Antidiarrheal agents

546–548

for Crohn's disease

625

for irritable bowel syndrome

617

for short bowel syndrome

606

for traveler's diarrhea

1301

for ulcerative colitis

628

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) See also Vasopressin

in euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

868–869

868

in hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

868

inappropriate secretion of (SIADH)

868–869

868

cancer-related

267

868

868

1696

in HIV infection/AIDS

871

Anti-DNase B, in rheumatic fever

405

Antidotes

1610

1611

Anti-double-stranded (anti-ds)-DNA

799

836

in hyperthyroidism

1138

in lupus erythematosus

105

799

835

836

Antidromic tachycardia

374

Antiemetics

540

540

for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

1682

in elderly

66

for motion sickness

1606

Antiendomysial antibodies, in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis

113

602

Antiepilepsy drugs See Anticonvulsant therapy

Antiestrogens See also Tamoxifen

Antifolates

1575–1576

for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1488

resistance to

1492

Antifreeze See Ethylene glycol poisoning

Antifungal agents

1548–1549

1550

1582–1585

for dermatologic disorders

89

for ophthalmic disorders

176

prophylactic

1290–1291

for systemic disorders

1548–1549

1550

1582–1585

Anti-GBM antibodies See Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Antigen-antibody complexes

794

798

in glomerulonephritis

905

in systemic lupus erythematosus

834

Antigen detection, in viral infections

1349

Antiglaucoma agents

161

173–174

in elderly

65

Antigliadin antibody, in celiac disease

601

602

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies, in glomerulonephritis/Goodpasture's syndrome

293

905

916

918–919

Anti-HAV

652

653

Anti-HBc

653

654

654

screening blood for

534

Anti-HBe

653

654

654

659

Anti-HBs

653

653

654

Anti-HCV

655

655

660

in hepatocellular carcinoma

682

screening blood for

534

Anti-HDV

654

Antihistamines

789

789

for allergic rhinitis

197

789

789

for anaphylaxis

792

for desensitization reactions

1316

for insomnia

1080

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1074

for nausea and vomiting

540

P.1754

for ophthalmic disorders

176

in OTC medications, abuse of

1090

overdose/toxicity of

1620

for pruritus

91

for urticaria

122

Anti-Hu antibody

1695–1698

Antihypertensive drug therapy

421

427–441

428–432

434–435

436

438

440

aldosterone receptor blockers in

429

alpha-adrenergic antagonists in

437

438

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in

433

434

in diabetics

425

433

440

440

923

1203–1205

1205

1222

1225

angiotensin II receptor blocking agents in

433–435

434–435

in aortic dissection

452

arteriolar dilators in

437

438

beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in

428–433

431–432

in blacks

440–441

breast feeding and

786

calcium channel blocking drugs in

435–437

436

central sympatholytics in

437

438

combination regimens and

439

depression caused by

1067

developing regimen for

421

437–439

440

in diabetes mellitus

439

439–440

440

complication rate/diabetic nephropathy affected by

425

923

1204–1205

1205

1222

diuretics in

428

429–430

in combination products

430

434

435

439

in elderly

54–55

65

general principles of

427–428

goals of

427

427

heart disease prevention and

11–12

nutrients affected by

1260

patient selection for

420

427

427

peripheral sympathetic inhibitors in

437

438

during pregnancy

773

779

in renal failure

909

stroke/stroke prevention and

11–12

994

for urgencies/emergencies

442–445

443–444

vasodilators in

437

438

Anti-IgE antibody

805

Anti-infective agents

1551–1588

1552–1554

1555

1556–1557

Anti-inflammatory drugs See also Corticosteroids; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

for asthma

231

232

breast feeding and

785

nutrients affected by

1260

ophthalmic

174–175

Anti-insulin antibodies

in factitious hypoglycemia

1238–1239

in immunopathologic hypoglycemia

1234

1234

1239

insulin therapy causing

1220–1221

in type 1 diabetes

1195

1196

Anti-insulin receptor antibodies, in immunopathologic hypoglycemia

1234

1234

1239

Anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody, humanized

804

Anti-Itch lotion See Pramoxine

Anti-Jo-1 antibody, in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

836

841

Antileukotriene agents

for allergic rhinitis

198

for asthma

233

234

Anti-LKM1, in autoimmune hepatitis

663

Antimalarial agents

1488–1497

1489

1490–1491

adverse ocular effects of

179

classification of

1488–1491

in combination preparations

1488

consultative resources regarding

1488

indications/limitations/adverse effects of

1492–1495

for lupus erythematosus

105

835

for malaria chemoprophylaxis

1488–1495

1489

consultative resources regarding

1488

nonimmune populations and

1489

1495–1496

pregnancy and

1496

for malaria emergency (standby) self-treatment

1488

1496

for malaria treatment

1488–1495

1490–1491

in pregnancy

1496

rabies vaccination and

1314

1371

resistance to

1489

1490–1491

1491–1492

1496

1497

for rheumatoid arthritis

832

for severe P falciparum infection

1497

Antimetabolites

1672–1673

immunosuppressive action of

803–804

Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis See also specific agent and Antimicrobial therapy

for anthrax

1412–1413

1412

for bite wounds

1296

for bronchiectasis

244

in cancer/immunocompromised host

1290–1291

1694

in COPD

241

in cystic fibrosis

246

for elective abortion

758

for endocarditis

1416

1416

1417

during pregnancy

417

778

for esophageal varices

574

for group B streptococcal infection, in pregnancy

766

for influenza

1384

for Lyme disease

1460–1461

for MAC infections

1347

1437

for malaria

1488–1495

1489

consultative resources regarding

1488

nonimmune populations and

1489

1495–1496

in pregnancy

1496

for meningococcal meningitis

1421

in neutropenic patient

1290

for peritonitis

561

for plague

1431

for Pneumocystis jiroveci infection

1346–1347

1346

1542

in rape/sexual assault

760

1297–1298

of rheumatic fever

205

406

1401

for surgical site infections

46–48

47

for traveler's diarrhea

1301

for tuberculosis

262–263

in HIV infection/AIDS

263

1332

1347

for urinary tract infections

937

Antimicrobial therapy

1551–1588

1552–1554

1555

1556–1557

adverse reactions/toxicity and

1560

for asthma

236

breast feeding and

786

clinical response to

1551

promptness of

1557

cost of agents and

1560

1561–1562

duration of

1557–1560

empirical

1551

1555–1556

1557

in febrile drug user

1299

in fever management

28

in immunocompromised host

1291

1694–1695

for nosocomial infection

1292

nutrients affected by

1260

for pneumonia

252

254–255

256

1556

principles of

1551–1560

resistance to

1551

routes of administration for

1560

susceptibility testing and

1551

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558–1559

Antimitochondrial antibodies, in biliary cirrhosis

675

Antimony See Stibogluconate

Antimotility drugs See Antidiarrheal agents

Antimyosin antibody fragments, radiolabeled, in myocardial infarction

357

Anti-native DNA antibody

836

Antineoplastic agents See Chemotherapy

Antineuronal antibodies, neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes caused by

1695–1698

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)

799

836

in autoimmune hepatitis

663

in glomerulonephritis (pauci-immune)

799

905

905–906

916

918

in inflammatory bowel disease

623

in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease

276

in microscopic polyangiitis

849

916

918

in primary sclerosing cholangitis

691

in Wegener's granulomatosis

799

836

848

916

918

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

799

836

in autoimmune hepatitis

663

in biliary cirrhosis

675

in CREST syndrome

836

in Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism

1135

1138

immunofluorescence microscopy in detection of

800

in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease

276

in lupus erythematosus

105

799

834

835

836

in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

836

841

in rheumatoid arthritis

799

828

836

in scleroderma

799

836

839

in Sj gren's syndrome

799

836

842

in Wegener's granulomatosis

836

Antioxidants See also Vitamin C; Vitamin E

in atherosclerosis/heart disease prevention

341

in cancer prevention

1650–1651

Antiparkinsonism drugs

1004

1008–1010

for antipsychotic-induced side effects/parkinsonism

1063

1064

for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

1063

1633

Antiphlebitic stockings See Compression stockings

Antiphospholipid syndrome/antiphospholipid antibodies

837–838

pregnancy loss and

775

776

837

P.1755

stroke and

993

systemic lupus erythematosus and

835

836

836

837

α₂-Antiplasmin, in coagulopathy of liver disease

529

Antiplatelet antibody

526

in idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura

518

Antiplatelet therapy See also Aspirin

for acute coronary syndromes

349

352

after CABG

350

for coronary heart disease prevention

341

for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

925

postinfarction

349

365

stroke risk affected by

994

for transient ischemic attacks

990

α₁-Antiprotease/antitrypsin

in COPD/emphysema

240

replacement therapy and

242

laboratory reference range for

1736

in protein-losing enteropathy

614

Antipruritic agents

systemic

91

topical

89

91

134

Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics)

1059–1064

1059

1060

1063

abnormal movements caused by

1013

1063–1064

for aggressive/violent behavior

1082

1093

for alcoholic hallucinosis

1086

atypical

1059

1059

1060

1060

1061

for dementia-associated behavior problems

58

1093

for parkinsonism

1010

for bipolar disease/mania

1075

clinical indications for

1061

compliance/noncompliance and

1062

for delirium

59

dosage forms and patterns of

1061–1062

in elderly

1062

1095

intravenous administration of

1062

neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by

1063

1633

overdose/toxicity/side effects of

1060

1062–1064

1063

1633

parkinsonism (reversible) caused by

1007

1064

for personality disorders

1056

in pregnancy

1063

for psychedelic abuse/overdose

1088

relative potency of

1060

for Tourette's syndrome

1014

1061

Antipyretic drugs

27

Anti-receptor antibodies, in autoimmunity

798

Antireflux surgery See Fundoplication

Antiretroviral therapy

1334–1345

1337–1338

1343

1344

1345

antituberculous drug interactions and

261

1323

CMV retinitis and

168

1360

combinations/regimens for

1336–1339

1342–1343

1343

compliance and

1

1339

1343

drug resistance and

1336

1339

1343

1343–1345

1344

1345

highly active See Highly active antiretroviral therapy

monitoring

1339

novel agents in

1342

postexposure

after needle stick

1333

after sexual/drug use exposure

1298

1333

during pregnancy

1333

second-line/salvage regimens in

1343

statin drug interactions and

1340

tuberculosis and

259

Anti-Rh_o (D) antibody, in hemolytic disease of newborn

783

Anti-ribonucleoprotein (anti-RNP) antibody

799

Anti-RNAP antibodies, in scleroderma

839

Anti-Scl-70 antibody

799

836

839

Antisecretory agents See Acid-antisecretory agents

Antiseizure therapy See Anticonvulsant therapy

Anti-SLA/LP, in autoimmune hepatitis

663

Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus

799

835

836

Antisocial personality disorder

1054

1055

Antispasmodic agents, for irritable bowel syndrome

617

Antisperm antibodies

749

Anti-SS-A/Ro antibody

799

836

in lupus erythematosus

105

799

836

in Sj gren's syndrome

799

836

842–843

Anti-SS-B/La antibody

836

in Sj gren's syndrome

836

842–843

Antistreptolysin O titers

in postinfectious glomerulonephritis

915

in rheumatic fever

405

Antisynthetase syndrome

840–841

Antithrombin III

in disseminated intravascular coagulation

530

531

laboratory reference range for

1736

Antithymocyte globulin, for aplastic anemia

498

Antithyroid (antithyroglobulin/antithyroperoxidase) antibodies

1117

1118–1119

in goiter

1130

in Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism

1117

1118–1119

1135

1138

amiodarone-induced

1136

1137

in thyroid nodules

1120

in thyroiditis

1145

Hashimoto's

1118

1143

1145

postpartum

1144

Anti-TNF agents

805

831

for ankylosing spondylitis

853

for Crohn's disease

622

626

for rheumatoid arthritis

831

Antitoxin

botulinum

1035

1411

diphtheria

1414

α₁-Antitrypsin/antiprotease

in COPD/emphysema

240

replacement therapy and

242

laboratory reference range for

1736

in protein-losing enteropathy

614

Anti-tTG (transglutaminase/tissue transglutaminase) antibody, in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis

113

601

602

Antituberculous drugs

259–263

1553

1574

alternative agents and

1574–1575

antiretroviral drug interactions and

261

1323

directly observed treatment (DOT) and

260

261

262

for drug-resistant disease

261

262

263

for extrapulmonary disease

262

in HIV-negative persons

260–261

in HIV-positive persons

261

prophylactic

263

1332

1347

in latent disease/chemoprophylactic

262–263

1332

1347

for meningitis

1439

monitoring therapy with

262

during pregnancy/lactation

262

781

resistance to

257

261

262

263

1323

Anti-VEGF antibody See Bevacizumab

Antivenin

for black widow spider bites

1636

for snake bites

1611

1636

Antiviral agents

1350

1352–1353

1586–1588

ophthalmic

176

Anti-Yo antibody

1698

Antizol See Fomepizole

Anton's syndrome

1001

Anus See also under Anal

carcinoma of

648

in HIV infection/AIDS

648

rectum protruding through (rectal prolapse)

646

hemorrhoids differentiated from

644

Anxiety

1043–1047

anticipatory, in panic disorders

1043

chronic pain and

1050

drugs for management of

1044–1047

1045

1046

dyspnea and

219

generalized

1043

kava for management of

1712

1716–1717

pre- and postsurgical

1095–1096

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1058

Anxiolytic drugs

1044–1047

1045

1046

breast feeding and

786

Aorta

coarctation of

319–320

enlarged, in tetralogy of Fallot

323

in Marfan's syndrome

449

1707

1708

Aortic aneurysms

abdominal

446–448

in Marfan's syndrome

449

1708

thoracic

448–449

giant cell arteritis and

846

Aortic arch abnormalities, in tetralogy of Fallot

323

Aortic dissection

451–452

aortic regurgitation and

335

chest pain in

312

344

451

hypertension and

425

451

in Marfan's syndrome

1708

in pregnancy

417

Aortic (chronic) regurgitation

326–328

334–336

aortic aneurysms and

449

in Marfan's syndrome

414

1708

Aortic sclerosis

332

333

Aortic stenosis

326–328

332–334

calcific (degenerative)

332

333

interventions affecting murmur in

329

pregnancy and

416

surgery in patient with

415

syncope and

333

385

Aortic valve rupture

414

Aortitis, in rheumatoid arthritis

828

Aortobifemoral bypass, for lower extremity occlusive disease

454–455

Aortoenteric fistula, gastrointestinal bleeding and

552

APACHE II score, in pancreatitis

694

Apallic state (persistent vegetative state)

1019

Apathetic hyperthyroidism

1138

1142

APC gene

635

637

1642

fecal DNA assay for

642

screening for

635

637

1643

APCED/APECED See Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy

P.1756

Aphasia

intracranial mass lesions casing

1001

stroke causing

991

Aphthous ulcer

204

in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

Apical impulse, in heart disease

aortic regurgitation

335

cardiomyopathy

403

Apicitis, petrous

186

Apidra See Insulin glulisine

APL See Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Aplastic anemia

497–498

497

498

chloramphenicol causing

1572

Aplastic crises

in hereditary spherocytosis

491–492

in sickle cell disease

493

Apnea

electric shock causing

1599

sleep

305–306

1080

Apnea test

1019

Apneustic breathing, in coma or stupor

1018

Apolipoprotein E, in Down's syndrome-associated dementia

1705

Apoptosis (programmed cell death)

abnormal, fecal DNA assay for

642

P53 regulation of, cancer etiology and

1641

Apparent mineralocorticoid excess, genetic mutation/hypokalemia and

874

874

Appearance

of cardiac patient

313–314

in mental status exam

1038

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

Appendectomy

613

antibiotic prophylaxis for

47

ulcerative colitis risk and

627

Appendiceal carcinoids

611

Appendicitis

612–613

pelvic inflammatory disease differentiated from

742

in pregnancy

613

782

Appetite suppressants, for obesity

1099

1269

Apraclonidine, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

Apraxia

intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

stroke causing

991

Aprepitant

1682

Apresoline See Hydralazine

APS See Antiphospholipid syndrome/antiphospholipid antibodies

aPTT See Partial thromboplastin time

Aqua glycolic

90

Aquaphor

90

Aquinil See Hydrocortisone

Arachnodactyly, in Marfan's syndrome

1707

Arachnoiditis, in cysticercosis

1510

1511

1512

Arbovirus encephalitis

1371–1373

ARBs See Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents

Arc 5 test, in cystic hydatid disease

1514

Arcing (flash) burns

1599

Arcitumomab, for imaging cancer with increased CEA levels

1658

ARDS See Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Arfonad See Trimethaphan

Arg133Trp (PAX-4) mutation, in idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus

1196

Argentaffin cells, tumors of, carcinoid syndrome caused by

1692

Arginine vasopressin, in cardiac failure

386

Argyll Robertson pupils

152

in tabes dorsalis

1451

Arimidex See Anastrozole

Aripiprazole

1059

1060

1061

Arm, repetitive injury of, thoracic outlet syndrome and

467

468

816

Arm edema, in breast cancer/postmastectomy

477

710

725

ARN See Acute retinal necrosis

Arnold-Chiari malformation

headache associated with

977

syringomyelia and

1021

Aromatase inhibitors/inactivators, for breast cancer treatment/prevention

706

719

722

723

1652

1670

1673

in male

727

Arousal (excitement) stage of sexual activity

1052

disorders related to (paraphilias)

1052–1053

1053–1054

Arrhenoblastoma

745

1171

Arrhythmias

366–382

antidepressants causing

1071

antipsychotic drugs causing

1062

in cardiac failure

395

in cardiomyopathy

403

in Chagas' disease

1466

1467

in COPD, management of

242

in electric shock/lightning injuries

1596

1599

evaluation/management of

367–371

369–371

preoperative

40

415

radiofrequency ablation and

371

in hyperkalemia

876

in hypocalcemia

878

in hypothermia

1590

1590

mechanisms of

366–367

in myocardial infarction

356

361–362

antiarrhythmic drug risk and

368–371

prevention of

361

signal-averaged ECG in identification of

368

in pheochromocytoma

1174

1176

in poisoning/drug overdose

1609

1609

with antiarrhythmic drugs

1634

with antidepressants

1071

1609

1637

1637

with antipsychotic drugs

1062

with digitalis glycosides

1624

with phenothiazines

1633

during pregnancy

416

seizures differentiated from

983

in sleep apnea

306

supraventricular

371–379

syncope and

366

385

treatment of See Arrhythmias, evaluation/management of

ventricular

379–382

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

401

418

Arsenic poisoning

1611

1619–1620

Arsenic trioxide

in cancer chemotherapy

1668

1676

toxicity of

1619–1620

1676

Arsenical melanosis, hyperpigmentation in

143

ART See Assisted reproductive technologies

Artane See Trihexyphenidyl

Artemether

1490

1495

1497

with lumefantrine (Riamet)

1495

Artemisinin (qinghaosu)/artemisinin derivatives

1488

1495

1496

1497

Artemotil

1495

Arterial aneurysms See specific type and Aneurysms

Arterial blood gases

in acid-base disorders

885

altitude affecting

224

224

in asthma

228

229

in COPD

238

in cystic fibrosis

245

in dyspnea

22

home oxygen therapy and

240–241

240

in nosocomial pneumonia

254

in pneumocystis pneumonia

1322

1541

preoperative

41

in pulmonary disorders

221–224

224

in pulmonary embolism

281

in respiratory failure

307

Arterial embolism

461–462

amaurosis fugax and

166

anticoagulation therapy for

375

376

377

461

in elderly

65

atrial fibrillation and

375

375

cardiac sources of

375

375

461

carotid sources of

456

gas, underwater diving/air travel and

1603

stroke caused by

456

Arterial graft/prosthesis See Bypass grafting

Arterial lines

in burn care

1596

nosocomial infection and

1292

Arterial occlusion

acute

461–462

atherosclerotic

446

453–462

in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

462–463

Arterial thrombosis

462

in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

837–838

cancer-associated

531

in homocystinuria

1706

Arteriography See specific type and Angiography

Arteriolar dilators See also Vasodilator therapy

for hypertension

437

438

Arteriopathy

462–463

Arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease See Coronary heart disease

Arteriovenous malformations

gastrointestinal (vascular ectasias), bleeding from

552

554–555

intracranial

992

997–998

spinal cord

999

Arteritis See also Polyarteritis

coronary artery, in Kawasaki syndrome

1399

giant cell See Giant cell (temporal/cranial) arteritis

Takayasu (pulseless disease)

414

463–464

Artesunate

1490

1495

1496

1497

Arthritis/arthralgia

acupuncture for

1725

1727

in alkaptonuria

1704

in ankylosing spondylitis

852

arthroplasty/joint replacement for

810

863

864

septic arthritis and

855

back pain caused by

817

in Beh et's syndrome

851

bursitis differentiated from

823

in coccidioidomycosis

1539

in Crohn's disease

855

crystal deposition

810–814

degenerative

807–810

diagnosis and evaluation of

807

808

809

809

in elderly, immobility and

60

P.1757

exercise/activity in management of

12

810

glucosamine sulfate plus chondroitin for

810

1721–1722

1721

gonococcal

856–857

1432

gouty

810–814

811

813

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

812

828

in hepatitis

858

in HIV infection/AIDS

857

1325

infectious

855–858

in drug users

855

1298

inflammatory intestinal diseases and

855

HLA in

851

855

leukemic

863

Lyme

1459

1461–1462

1461

Lyme disease vaccine and

1461

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

828

mumps

858

neck pain caused by

816

nongonococcal bacterial See Arthritis/arthralgia, septic

in parvovirus B19 infection

858

1387

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

829

pattern of joint involvement and

807

808

in pneumococcal pneumonia

1403

psoriatic

97–98

853–854

reactive See Reactive arthritis

in rheumatic fever

405

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

829

rheumatoid See Rheumatoid arthritis

rubella/rubella vaccination and

858

1306

1368

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for

1719

1721

in sarcoidosis

861

in scleroderma

839

septic (nongonococcal acute bacterial)

855–856

1402

1555

in drug users

855

1298

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

828

in Still's disease

833

streptococcal

1402

surgery for

863–864

in systemic lupus erythematosus

834

835

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

829

tophaceous

811

812

814

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

812

828

tuberculous

860–861

in ulcerative colitis

855

viral

858

in Whipple disease

604

855

Arthrocentesis/joint fluid examination

807

808

809

809

Arthrodesis

864

Arthropathy, neurogenic See Neurogenic arthropathy

Arthroplasty

863

864

septic arthritis and

855

Arthropods

encephalitis transmitted by

1371–1373

skin lesions caused by

136–137

Arthroscopy, septic arthritis and

855

Articular rest, for rheumatoid arthritis

829

Artificial blood, for volume replacement in shock

479

Artificial insemination, in azoospermia

750

Artificial nutrition See Nutritional support

Artificial sweeteners, for diabetics

1206

Artificial tears, for keratoconjunctivitis sicca

157

Arytenoid cartilage, contact ulcers of

210

5-ASA See Aminosalicylic acid

Asacol See Mesalamine

Asbestosis (asbestos exposure)

295

296

lung cancer and

267

297

mesothelioma and

273–274

297

563

pleural effusion and

297

smoking and

296

ASCA See Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies

Ascaris lumbricoides (ascariasis)

1517–1519

eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and

280

1518

Ascites

558–560

559

bile

563

chylous

563

in cirrhosis

670–671

in hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome)

679

malignant

559

562–563

neutrocytic

561

pancreatic

563

696

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and

559

560–562

671

Ascites albumin gradient, serum (SAAG) See Serum-ascites albumin gradient

Ascitic fluid analysis/examination See also Paracentesis

in ascites

559–560

in bacterial peritonitis

561

in bile ascites

563

in chylous ascites

563

culture/Gram stain

560

in malignant ascites

562

in pancreatic ascites

563

in peritoneal carcinomatosis

562

in tuberculous peritonitis

562

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

1275–1276

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

ASD See Atrial septal defect

Asendin See Amoxapine

Aseptic meningitis

1294

coxsackieviruses causing

1389

echoviruses causing

1390

herpes simplex virus causing

1351

in Lyme disease

1458

1461

in mumps

1365

in syphilis

1449

in tick-borne encephalitis

1380

Ash leaf spots (hypopigmentation), in tuberous sclerosis

143

1006

Asherman's syndrome

1184

Asian ginseng

1712

1717

ASO titers See Antistreptolysin O titers

Asparaginase, as rescue for methotrexate

1684

Aspartame, for diabetics

1206

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

in alcoholic liver disease

664

in cirrhosis

669

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

650

1736

in liver disease/jaundice

650

651

in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

667

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

772

in viral hepatitis

656

Aspergilloma

1544

Aspergillus (aspergillosis)

1544–1545

allergic bronchopulmonary

244

1544

chronic necrotizing

1544

fumigatus

1544

in HIV infection/AIDS

1544

ear involvement and

194

sinusitis and

217

prevention of

1290–1291

Scedosporium apiospermum infection differentiated from

1547

1550

sinusitis and

1544

Aspermatogenesis, radiation causing

1600

Asphyxia

aspiration of inert material causing

294

of drowning

1601

in severe asthma exacerbation

237

Aspiration

294–295

enteral nutritional support and

1283

of food (caf coronary)

294

foreign body

214

retention of

294

of gastric contents

acute (Mendelson's syndrome)

295

chronic

294–295

in comatose patient

1607

hospital-acquired pneumonia and

253

of inert material

294

in pneumonia

294

295

1556

in anaerobic infections

255

1434

in community-acquired disease

252

drug use and

1298

in hospital-acquired disease

253

hydrocarbon toxicity and

294

1632

1632

of toxic material

294

Aspirin

74

75

for acute coronary syndromes

349

352

353

in analgesic nephropathy

926

for atrial fibrillation

375

bleeding caused by

526

breast feeding and

785

after CABG

350

after cardiac valve replacement surgery

338–339

for chemoprevention

3

atherosclerosis/heart disease prevention and

341

in diabetics

1205

1225

cancer prevention and

638

1650

with codeine

78

gastrointestinal bleeding associated with

556

iron deficiency and

482

laboratory reference range for

1742

for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

for migraine treatment/prophylaxis

976

for myocardial infarction

349

352

353

357

361

365

after thrombolytic therapy

359

nasal polyps and asthma as contraindication to

200

overdose/toxicity of

1634

for pain management

74

75

in peptic ulcer disease

587

platelet function affected by

526

830

Reye's syndrome and

1356

1357

1383

for rheumatic fever

406

for transient ischemic attacks

990

in von Willebrand's disease

524

526

Asplenia See also Splenectomy

infections and

1289

Assisted reproductive technologies

750

954

Assistive devices

fall prevention and

61

for rheumatoid arthritis

829

AST See Aspartate aminotransferase

Astemizole

antidepressant drug interactions and

1070

1074

overdose/toxicity of

1620

P.1758

Astereognosis, intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

Asterixis

559

Asthma

226–238

acupuncture for

1726

1728

allergic

226–227

788

allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis/aspergillosis and

244

1544

atopy and

226–227

bronchial provocation testing in

224

227

cardiac

227

catamenial

227

classification of severity of

228–229

228

229

COPD differentiated from

240

cough caused by

22

219

227

drugs causing

227

298

estrogen replacement therapy and

1188

exacerbations of

classification of severity of

228–229

229

treatment of

234

236–237

exercise-induced

227

long-acting beta-adrenergic agents for

231

mediator inhibitors for

231

short-acting beta-adrenergic agents for

234

occupational

227

297

postoperative pulmonary complications associated with

41

42

during pregnancy

776

pulmonary function testing in

227–228

228

assessment/monitoring/prevention and

237

exacerbation management and

236

treatment of

desensitization/immunotherapy in

234

790–791

for exacerbations

236–237

long-term

approach to

229

230

medications for

229–231

231–234

232–233

pharmacologic

229–236

229

232–233

235

quick relief medications for

229

234–236

235

stepwise approach to

229

230

Astigmatism

153

Astrocytoma

1000

Astroviruses, gastroenteritis caused by

1299

Asystole, electric shock causing

1599

Atabrine See Quinacrine

Atacand See Candesartan

Atactic breathing, in coma or stupor

1018

Ataxia

Friedreich's

1024

intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutation, breast cancer risk and

706

Atazanavir

1338

1341

1343

resistance to

1345

Atelectasis

in airway obstruction

226

postoperative

41

42

in right middle lobe syndrome

226

Atenolol

for alcohol withdrawal

1086

breast feeding and

786

for hypertension

431

in diabetics

1203–1205

pregnancy and

417

perioperative administration of

37

38

415

ATG See Antithymocyte globulin

Atherosclerosis

446

aneurysms and

446

cerebrovascular occlusive disease caused by

456–458

Chlamydia pneumoniae in

446

1442

cholesterol/lipoproteins in

340

1240–1241

1241–1242

screening tests for levels of

1244–1247

1245–1246

coronary artery disease caused by

339–366

in diabetes mellitus

1225

estrogen replacement therapy and

341

761

1187

1188

garlic for

1712

1714

homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia and

10–11

341

1706–1707

hypertension and

425

lipid-lowering therapy affecting course of

341

in women and elderly

1246

1247

lower extremity occlusive disease caused by

453–456

pathophysiology of

340

renal artery stenosis caused by

423

460

913–914

transient ischemic attacks and

988–989

visceral artery insufficiency caused by

459–460

Atherosclerotic (multi-infarct) dementia

1092

hypertension and

425

Atherosclerotic plaques

340

446

1240

in lower extremity

453

Athletes

cardiovascular screening of

417–418

exertional heat stroke in

1594

sports medicine injuries and

823–826

sudden death of

417–418

cardiomyopathy causing

403

418

Athlete's foot

103–104

ATI See Infliximab

Ativan See Lorazepam

ATL See Adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia

Atlantoaxial subluxation, neck pain caused by

816

Atonic seizures (epileptic drop attacks)

982

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

94–97

drugs causing

147

herpes simplex infection (eczema herpeticum) and

96

108

1351

1355

smallpox vaccination (eczema vaccinatum) and

96

111

1313

1388

vesiculobullous (pompholyx/dishydrosis/dishydrotic eczema)

111–112

Atopic disease (atopy)

788–795

asthma and

226–227

788

Atopic keratoconjunctivitis

157

Atorvastatin

341

1242

1250

1251

perioperative administration of

38

38

Atosiban, for preterm labor prevention

784

Atovaquone

1581–1582

for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

with doxycycline

1490

1496

1497

with proguanil (Malarone)

1488

1489

1490

1493

1495

1496

1497

emergency self-treatment and

1488

resistance to

1492

1493

for Pneumocystis jiroveci infection treatment/chemoprophylaxis

1335

1346

1347