Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)

Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

C

C3

in bullous pemphigoid

127

in herpes (pemphigoid) gestationis

127

in IgA nephropathy

917

in immune complex disease

795

laboratory reference range for

1737

in pemphigus

126

C3 nephritic factor, in membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy

916

925

C3b

in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

495

in cold agglutinin disease

496

C4

in immune complex disease

795

laboratory reference range for

1737

C5A, in familial Mediterranean fever

563

C282Y mutation See also HFE gene

in hemochromatosis

676

677

hepatocellular carcinoma and

682

in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

667

C_cr See Creatinine clearance

c-erbB-2 See HER-2/neu oncogene

c-kit receptor, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

599

imatinib treatment and

1669

c-myc gene, in Burkitt's lymphoma

512

1641

C-octanoic acid breath test, in nausea and vomiting

538

C-peptide

in factitious hypoglycemia

1238

laboratory reference range for

1736

C-reactive protein

in atherosclerosis/coronary heart disease

340

laboratory reference range for

1736

C-urea breath testing See Urea breath testing

c-v wave

314

¹³C/¹⁴C-xylose test, in bacterial overgrowth

605

Ca See Calcium

CA 15-3. in breast cancer

710

response to chemotherapy evaluated by

1686–1687

CA 19-9

in pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma

700

response to chemotherapy evaluated by

1687

CA 27-29, in breast cancer

710

response to chemotherapy evaluated by

1686–1687

CA 125, in ovarian tumors

743

746

response to chemotherapy evaluated by

1686

as screening tool

743

1656

1687

vaccine development and

1700

Cabergoline

for growth hormone secreting tumors

1111

for hyperprolactinemia

1115

CABG See Coronary artery bypass grafting

Cachectin See Tumor necrosis factor

Cachexia

diabetic neuropathic

1223–1224

in heart disease

314

CAD (coronary artery disease) See Coronary heart disease

Cadmium, tubulointerstitial disease caused by

926

Caf au lait spots

143

Caf coronary

294

Cafergot, for migraine headache

975

Caffeine

1089–1090

breast feeding and

786

fibrocystic breast condition and

703

overdose/toxicity of

1089–1090

1636–1637

Caffeinism

1089–1090

cagA gene, in Helicobacter pylori gastritis

584

597

CAGE screening test

17

18

Calabar swellings, in loiasis

1526

1527

Calan See Verapamil

Calcaneofibular ligament, ankle sprains involving

826

Calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D₃)

for hypoparathyroidism/tetany

1148

laboratory reference range for

1743

Calcimar See Calcitonin

Calcimimetic agents See Cinacalcet

Calcinosis, cardiac

413

Calciphylaxis

1151

1151–1152

Calcitonin

for cancer-related hypercalcemia

1691

laboratory reference range for

1736

in thyroid cancer

1119

1124–1125

1129

Calcitonin (nasal calcitonin-salmon)

for osteoporosis

1157

for Paget's disease of bone

1162

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol)

for hypoparathyroidism/tetany

1148

1149

laboratory reference range for

1743

Calcium

876–877

1259

deficiency of in osteomalacia/rickets

1159

1259

dietary/supplementary

1259

for acute tubular necrosis

904

bisphosphonate therapy and

1157

for calcium channel blocker overdose

1621

in cancer prevention

1648

1651

colorectal cancer and

638

1279

high-calcium diet and

1279

hypercalcemia caused by

879

1152

for hyperkalemia

876

877

for hypermagnesemia

884

for hyperphosphatemia

883

for hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism/tetany

878

1148

1149

milk-alkali syndrome and

879

for osteoporosis prevention/management

761

1157

1279

during pregnancy/lactation

766

requirements for

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

in nutritional support

1282

urinary stone formation and

944

945

disorders of concentration/metabolism of

876–880

genetic disorders associated with

874

in renal failure

911

1150

intracellular, in hypertension

422

laboratory reference ranges (normal values) for

866

876–877

1736

serum levels of

albumin levels and

877

1146

in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism

879

1151

in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism

878

1147

magnesium serum levels and

883

in pancreatitis

694–695

parathyroid hormone affecting

877

1146

in urinary stones

943

Calcium acetate See Calcium, dietary/supplementary

Calcium carbonate See Calcium, dietary/supplementary

Calcium channel blocking drugs

for acute coronary syndromes

353–354

aldosterone secretion affected by

1173

for angina

349

353

for arrhythmias

368

370

atrial fibrillation

376

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

for bipolar disease

1078

in cardiac failure

395

for cardiomyopathy

403

for hypertension

435–437

436

during pregnancy

416–417

779

regimen for use of

437–439

440

for intracranial aneurysm

997

for myocardial infarction

361

365

435

overdose/toxicity of

436

437

1621

for pulmonary hypertension

411

Calcium chloride See Calcium, dietary/supplementary

Calcium citrate See Calcium, dietary/supplementary

Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA), for lead poisoning

1627

Calcium gluconate See also Calcium, dietary/supplementary

for calcium channel blocker overdose

1621

for hydrofluoric acid burns

1597

1617

for hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism/tetany

878

1148

for pancreatitis

696

Calcium load test, in urinary stone disease

944

944

Calcium nephrolithiasis

943

944

945–946

hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and

944

1150

1150–1151

hypoparathyroidism treatment and

1149

Calcium polycarbophil

543

P.1767

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (pseudogout)

812

814

Calcium-sensing protein/receptor

877

878

1147

mutations of

in autosomal dominant hypocalcemia with hypercalciuria

1147

1148

in familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

1152

Calculus formation See specific type or structure or organ affected

Calderol See Calcifediol

Calendar method of contraception

757

Calf vein thrombosis

472

California encephalitis

1371–1373

California flea rickettsiosis

1392

Callosities, of feet or toes

129

in diabetes/vascular disorders

1223

Caloric stimulation, in coma or stupor

1018

Calorie restriction, in obesity management

1099

1268–1269

Calpain-10, in type 2 diabetes

1196

Calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis

1433

CAM See Complementary/alternative medicine

Campath-1H See Alemtuzumab

Camphor/menthol preparations

89

Campylobacter

1428–1429

1552

fetus

1428

1429

gastroenteritis caused by

545

1299

1300

1301

1302

1428–1429

1556

Guillain-Barr syndrome and

1027

jejuni

1301

1302

1428

1552

Campylobacter-like organisms

1429

Canasa See Mesalamine

Canavan disease, screening for

764

Cancer

1639–1702

autoimmune suppression in

1644

autologous HPC transplants for

803

carcinoid syndrome and

272

611

1692

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by

1091

complications of

1689–1695

early detection/screening tests for

14–16

15

1654–1656

in elderly

55

genetic markers and

1643

effusions associated with

1692–1694

emergencies associated with

1689–1692

environmental carcinogens and

1644

etiology of

1639–1646

familial/hereditary predisposition to

1642–1643

prevention and

1656–1657

fever/FUO and

1286

1287

genetic mutations associated with

1641

1642–1643

1643–1644

prevention and

1656–1657

screening/testing for

1643

HIV infection/AIDS and

1328–1329

1334

1336

1644

hormone replacement therapy and

1645

hypercalcemia associated with

267

879

1152

1153

1690–1691

1695

1696

hypercoagulability and

531–532

hyperuricemia associated with

1691–1692

allopurinol for

1677

1691

1692

incidence/risk/mortality of

1639–1640

1640

infectious carcinogens and

1644

infectious complications of

1289

1555

1694–1695

lipid abnormalities associated with

1244

long term care of survivors and

1688–1689

metastatic See Metastatic disease neurologic complications of metastatic

1002

nonmetastatic

1004–1005

neuropathies associated with

1005

1026

1595–1598

1696

oral contraceptive use and

753

paraneoplastic syndromes and

1695–1698

1696–1697

pericarditis associated with

408

pleural effusions in (malignant pleural effusions)

267

301

301

302

1692–1694

prevention of

14–16

15

1646–1657

chemoprevention and

1648–1654

genetic/hereditary risk factors and

1643

lifestyle modifications and

1646–1648

radiation exposure and

1601

rheumatic manifestations of

862–863

secondary to chemotherapy or radiation therapy

1601

1644–1645

1660

smoking/smoking cessation and

5

1646–1647

spinal cord compression and

1003

1689–1690

staging of

1657–1658

surgery/imaging in

1658–1659

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) and

267

868

868

1696

therapeutic carcinogens and

1644–1645

treatment of

1658–1686

alternative/complementary

1702

evaluation of tumor response to

1686–1689

novel approaches to

1698–1702

1698

surgery and radiation therapy in

1658–1660

systemic

1660–1686

1663–1665

1672–1678

urate nephropathy associated with

1691–1692

Cancer-related checkup

15

Cancer susceptibility genes

1642–1643

1643–1644

cancer prevention and

1643

1656–1657

screening/testing for

1643

Cancer vaccines

1700

Cancidas See Caspofungin

Cancuas See Caspofungin

Candesartan

433

434

Candida (candidiasis)

1536–1537

albicans

1536

disseminated

1537

endocarditis in

1537

esophageal

570

1536

in HIV infection/AIDS

1322

1326

1336

gastritis in

585

hepatic/hepatosplenic

1537

in HIV infection/AIDS

203

216–217

1322

1325–1326

1326

1336

1536

krusei

1291

1537

mucocutaneous/mucosal

120–121

1536

nail infection and

121

145

oral (thrush)

203

in HIV infection/AIDS

203

216–217

1322

1325–1326

1347

osteomyelitis caused by

859

parapsilosis

1537

prevention of

1291

1347

resistant strains of

1537

tinea cruris differentiated from

102

tropicalis

1537

in urine

935

1536–1537

vulvovaginal

121

732

1536

in diabetes mellitus

1198

1198

1226

in HIV infection/AIDS

1329

1336

1347

Candidal funguria (candiduria)

935

1536–1537

Candins

1585

Canker sore (aphthous ulcer)

204

in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

Cannabinoids, for nausea and vomiting

540

Cannabis sativa (marijuana)

1088

for nausea and vomiting

540

Cantharellus (gastrointestinal-irritant type) mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

CAPD See Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Capecitabine

1665–1666

1673

Capillary angiomas, in Sturge-Weber syndrome

1006

Caplan's syndrome

296

Capoten See Captopril

Capreomycin, for tuberculosis

1575

Capsule imaging/endoscopy

in Crohn's disease

623

in gastrointestinal bleeding

556

558

Captopril

434

in diabetics

1203–1205

1222

for hypertensive urgencies/emergencies

444

445

nutrients affected by

1260

Captopril renography, in renal artery stenosis

914

Car accidents See Automobile accidents

Car driving, by patients with syncope/ventricular tachycardia/aborted sudden death

385

Carac See Fluorouracil

Carbamate poisoning

1631–1632

Carbamazepine

984

for bipolar disease

1077–1078

monitoring concentrations of

1733

for neuropathic pain

79

overdose/toxicity of

984

1077

1615

1619

hemodialysis for

1613

1619

for seizures

983

984

Carbapenems

1568–1569

Carbaryl poisoning

1631–1632

Carbidopa/levodopa

for parkinsonism

1008–1009

with entacapone

1009

1010

Carbohydrate deficient transferrin, alcohol use/abuse and

1085

Carbohydrates

dietary

1257–1258

coronary heart disease and

340

in diabetic diet

1205

digestion of

601

requirements for

1257–1258

1257

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1257

in porphyria

1025

1703–1704

nonabsorbable, for constipation

544

P.1768

Carbon dioxide

increased production of, respiratory failure caused by

307

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1736

partial pressure of See PaCO₂; PCO₂

Carbon dioxide laser therapy

for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

for condylomata acuminata

128–129

733

for wart removal

128–129

Carbon dioxide narcosis, in respiratory acidosis

893

Carbon monoxide, diffusing capacity for (D_LCO) See Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide poisoning

1611

1615

1621

dyspnea in

22

23

headache and

32

smoke inhalation and

293

1621

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

adverse ocular effects of

178

for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

renal tubular acidosis caused by

889

Carboplatin

1672

toxicity of

1672

1684

Carboxyhemoglobin levels

in carbon monoxide poisoning

1621

laboratory reference range for

1736

in smoke inhalation

293

1596

Carboxypeptidase G2, for methotrexate toxicity

1684

Carbuncles

138–139

1406

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

arcitumomab for imaging cancer with increased levels of

1658

in breast cancer

710

in colorectal cancer

638

vaccine development and

1700

dendritic cells loaded with, in cancer treatment

1700

laboratory reference range for

1736

response to chemotherapy evaluated by

1686

in thyroid cancer

1125

Carcinogens, in cancer etiology

1644–1645

Carcinoid heart disease

413–414

611

Carcinoid syndrome

272

611

1692

Carcinoid tumors

bronchial

272

carcinoid syndrome caused by

272

611

1692

chemotherapy for

1665

gastric

599

intestinal

611–612

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

pancreatic

1178

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

pernicious anemia gastritis and

585

Carcinoma in situ

of bladder

967

of breast

713

716

716

of cervix

736

736

737

of vulva

739

Carcinomatosis

lymphangitic

273

peritoneal

562

Carcinomatous meningitis (leptomeningeal metastases)

1001

1690

Card agglutination test (CATT), in African trypanosomiasis

1464

Cardene See Nicardipine

Cardiac arrhythmias See Arrhythmias

Cardiac asthma

227

Cardiac calcinosis

413

Cardiac catheterization

317–318

in acute coronary syndromes

354

354

in cardiac failure

390

in cardiomyopathy

401

403

in constrictive pericarditis

410

in cor pulmonale

412

interventional (therapeutic)

318

postinfarction

365

Cardiac cirrhosis

670

Cardiac dysrhythmias See Arrhythmias

Cardiac failure See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure

Cardiac glycosides See Digitalis/digitalis glycosides

Cardiac index (CI)

in myocardial infarction

357

in shock

479

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

317

346

Cardiac multislice computed tomography

317

Cardiac murmurs See Heart murmurs

Cardiac output

in heart failure

386

in near drowning victim

1603

in obstructive shock

477

PEEP affecting, in ARDS

310

during pregnancy

416

prerenal azotemia and

902

in shock liver

680

Cardiac risk assessment, preoperative

36–41

36

37

38

39

Cardiac risk index

36

37

415

Cardiac rupture

414

Cardiac-specific markers (cardiac enzymes)

in cardiac trauma

414

in infectious myocarditis

399

in myocardial infarction

356

Cardiac tamponade See Tamponade

Cardiac transplantation, for heart failure

396

Cardiac trauma

414

Cardiac tumors

413

Cardiac valves See Prosthetic heart valves; Valve replacement; Valvular heart disease

Cardiobacterium hominis, endocarditis caused by

1415

Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

386

389

397–398

Cardiogenic shock

357

357

363

477

478

479

480

Cardiogenic syncope

313

385

Cardiomegaly

in cardiac failure

390

in hypothyroidism (myxedema heart)

1132

Cardiomyopathy

400–405

401

anthracycline-induced

1685

catecholamine-induced, in pheochromocytoma

1176

in diabetes mellitus

1225

dilated

400–402

401

coxsackieviruses causing

1390

secondary mitral regurgitation and

331

heart failure and

387

400–401

402

in hyperthyroidism

1137

1142

hypertrophic

401

402–404

heart murmurs in

403

interventions affecting

329

403

sudden death and

403

418

of pregnancy (peripartum cardiomyopathy)

417

778

restrictive

401

404–405

constrictive pericarditis differentiated from

404

410

in systemic disease

413

414

Cardiomyoplasty, for heart failure

396

Cardiomyotomy, Heller, for achalasia

580

Cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing

224–225

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

in drowning

1602

in hypothermia

1590

orders regarding in end-of-life care

70

71

survival to hospital discharge after

70

71

Cardiovascular disorders See also under Cardiac; Coronary; Myocardial and Heart disease; Stroke

bupropion for smoking cessation in patient with

11

in Chagas' disease

399

1465

1466

1467

cocaine abuse and

347

355

400

1089

coenzyme Q₁₀ for

1721

1722

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by

1091

COX-2 inhibitors causing

74

587

591

830–831

in diabetes mellitus

1225

aspirin chemoprevention and

1205

1225

glycemic control and

1202

1203

1203–1205

1225

estrogen replacement therapy and

341

761

1187

1188

homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia in

10–11

341

1706–1707

hypertensive

424–425

441

in hyperthyroidism

1137

1141–1142

in hypothyroidism

1132

immobility/bed rest and

59

in Lyme disease

408

1458

1461

1461

nicotine replacement therapy in patient with

9

10

pregnancy and

416–417

778–779

778

prevention of

5–12

340–342

exercise/activity and

12

341

hyperhomocysteinemia prevention and

10–11

341

1707

lipid disorder prevention/management and

8–10

341

cholesterol screening and

1244–1247

1245–1246

in women and elderly

1246

1247

smoking cessation and

5–8

6–7

8

9

10

11

339

radiation causing

1600

in renal failure

909–910

screening for

in athletes

417–418

cholesterol/lipid

1244–1247

1245–1246

syphilis and

1443

1444

1448

1450

1557

Cardiovascular system, thiamin deficiency affecting

1272–1273

Cardioversion

electrical

for atrial fibrillation

375–376

377

rate control compared with

376–377

for atrial flutter

378

for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

for ventricular arrhythmias/tachycardia

379

pharmacologic See Rate control

transesophageal echo-guided, for atrial fibrillation

376

Cardioverter defibrillator, implantable See Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Carditis, rheumatic

405

406

Cardizem See Diltiazem

Cardura See Doxazosin

P.1769

Caregiver issues, in care of elderly

54

dementia and

57

Carey-Coombs murmur, in rheumatic carditis

405

Carisoprodol, overdose/toxicity of

1624

Carmol

90

Carmustine (BCNU)

1672

Carney complex

413

1100

1110

1167

Carnitine, for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency

1102

Caroli's disease

692

b-Carotene/carotenoids

1276

in cancer prevention

1276

1650–1651

skin discoloration caused by

1100

Carotenodermia

1100

Carotid angioplasty

457

Carotid artery

aneurysms of

458

dissection of

458

occlusive disease of (carotid stenosis/insufficiency)

456–458

amaurosis fugax caused by

166

asymptomatic

457

headache associated with

978

postoperative complications associated with

44

stroke/transient ischemic attacks caused by

456–458

989

991

992

Carotid body tumors

458

Carotid bruits

456

Carotid endarterectomy/thromboendarterectomy

457

prophylactic

457

amaurosis fugax and

166

preoperative

44

for transient ischemic attacks and stroke

457

990

Carotid pulse

in carotid artery occlusive disease

456

in heart disease

cardiac failure

389

cardiomyopathy

403

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity, syncope in

384

Carotid sinus massage/pressure

for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

in syncope evaluation

384

Carotid stenting

457

Carpal compression test

821

Carpal spasm See Trousseau's sign

Carpal tunnel syndrome

821–822

in acromegaly

1110

1111

Raynaud's phenomenon and

465

Carrier (genetic)

for fragile X mental retardation

1705

for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

492

for sickle cell disease

494

494

for thalassemia

484

485

Carrier state (infection)

for cryptosporidiosis

1476

in giardiasis

1479

for group B streptococcal infection

780

in hepatitis B

654

659

for meningococcal meningitis

1421

staphylococcal

1405

furunculosis/carbuncles and

138

1406

mupirocin for elimination of

1577

in trench fever

1433

in typhoid fever

1426

Carteolol

for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

for systemic hypertension

431

Cartia See Diltiazem

Cartrol See Carteolol

Carvedilol

431

Cascara

543

544

Caspofungin

1548

1550

1585

for aspergillosis

1544–1545

1585

for candidiasis

1537

1585

cost of

1561

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

CaSR See Calcium-sensing receptors

Castleman's disease

1362

Castor bean (Ricinus communis), ricin toxicity and

1622

Castor oil

544

Castration See also Orchiectomy

for breast cancer in male

727

Casts, urinary See Urinary casts

“Cat” (methcathinone)

1618

Cat bites

1296

cat scratch fever transmitted by

1433

Cat feces

cutaneous larva migrans transmitted by

1519

toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) transmitted by

1534

toxoplasmosis transmitted by

1498

1500

Cat fleas See Fleas

Cat hookworm, cutaneous larva migrans caused by

1519

Cat-scratch disease

1433–1434

Cataflam See Diclofenac

Catamenial asthma

227

Catamenial pneumothorax

303

Cataplexy, in narcolepsy

1080

Catapres See Clonidine

Cataract

163

diabetic

1221

hypoparathyroidism and

1147

1148

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome

837

Catatonic schizophrenia

1057

Catatonic syndrome (catatonia)

1058

Catcher's mitt hand

822

Catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, for parkinsonism

1009–1010

Catecholamines

factors affecting

1175

1175

in pheochromocytoma

1174

1175

cardiomyopathy caused by

1176

Caterpillars, skin lesions caused by

136

Cathartics

abuse of in bulimia nervosa

1271

1272

nutrients affected by

1260

for poisoning/drug overdose

1612

Catheter ablation techniques See Radiofrequency ablation techniques

Catheterization

bladder/urinary See Bladder catheterization

cardiac See Cardiac catheterization

Catheters

infected, septic phlebitis and

473

nosocomial infections and

1292–1293

for parenteral nutritional support

1281

complications associated with

1284

Cation exchange resins, for hyperkalemia

876

CATT (card agglutination test), in African trypanosomiasis

1464

Cauda equina injury

1021

Cauda equina tumor, back pain caused by

817

818

Cauliflower ear

181

Caustic/corrosive agents

1617

acids

1617

1617

alkalies

1617–1618

1617

decontamination for injury caused by

1610–1611

esophageal injury caused by

571–572

1617

1617–1618

eye injury caused by

172

1611

1617

1618

Cauterization, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

Cavernous hemangioma, of liver

683

Cavernous sinus thrombosis, sinusitis and

196

CC-5013 See Lenalidomide

CCNU See Lomustine

CCPD See Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis

C_cr See Creatinine clearance

CCR5, in HIV infection/AIDS

1320

CD markers

in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

599

in hematologic neoplasia

acute leukemia

508

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510

hairy cell leukemia

512

CD2, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

508

CD3, monoclonal antibody against (muromonab-CD3)

804

CD4/CD8 cell ratio

in burn injury

1596

in sarcoidosis

279

CD4 T cells

in HIV infection/AIDS

1317

1320

absolute count

1317

1329–1330

1330

antiretroviral therapy initiation/monitoring and

1334–1336

1339

CMV retinitis and

168

1360

neurosyphilis and

1452

opportunistic infection/course of disease and

1321

1321

1346

1347

oral lesions and

216

1325

percentage of

1330

1330

pneumocystis pneumonia and

1321

1321

1323

1346

1541

HTLV infection of

1376

laboratory reference range for

1736

CD5

in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

508

in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510

CD7, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

508

CD8 T cells

in common variable immunodeficiency

796

HTLV infection of

1376

CD10, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

508

CD11c, in hairy cell leukemia

512

CD19

in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

508

in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510

in MALToma

598

CD20

antibodies against See Ibritumomab tiuxetan; Rituximab

in MALToma

598

CD22, in hairy cell leukemia

512

CD25, denileukin diftitox affecting cells expressing, in cancer chemotherapy

1668

CD33, antibody against See Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

CD34, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

599

CD38, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510

CD52, antibody against See Alemtuzumab

CD55 deficiency, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491

CD59 deficiency, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491

CD117, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

599

612

P.1770

CdA See Cladribine

CEA See Carcinoembryonic antigen

CEA-Scan

1658

Ceclor See Cefaclor

Cecum, dilation of, in colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome)

608

609

Cefaclor

1566

1567

cost of

1562

Cefadroxil

1566

1566

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1418

Cefamandole

1566

Cefazolin

1566

1567

cost of

1561

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1419

for surgical site infection prophylaxis

47

Cefdinir

1567

1568

Cefditoren

1566

1567

1568

cost of

1562

Cefepime

1565

1566

1567

1568

cost of

1561

Cefixime

1567

1567–1568

Cefizox See Ceftizoxime

Cefmetazole

1566

1567

Cefonicid

1566

Cefoperazone

1566

Ceforanide

1566

Cefotaxime

1566

1567

for Lyme disease

1461

Cefotetan

1566

1567

for anaerobic intra-abdominal infections

1435

for surgical site infection prophylaxis

47

Cefoxitin

1566

1567

cost of

1561

for surgical site infection prophylaxis

47

Cefpodoxime proxetil

1566

1567

1568

cost of

1562

Cefprozil

1566

1567

cost of

1562

Ceftazidime

1566

1567

1568

cost of

1561

Ceftibuten

1566

1567

1568

Ceftin See Cefuroxime

Ceftizoxime

1566

cost of

1561

Ceftriaxone

1566

1567

1568

for anaerobic intra-abdominal infections

1435

cost of

1561

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1417

1418

1419

for Lyme disease

1461

1461

for syphilis

1446

1451–1452

for urinary tract infection

939

Cefuroxime

1566

1567

cost of

1561

1562

for Lyme disease

1461

1461

Cefzil See Cefprozil

Celebrex See Celecoxib

Celecoxib

74

75

587

830

in cancer prevention

1650

1700

cardiovascular complications of

587

1650

for pain management

74

75

peptic ulcers/peptic ulcer prevention and

587

830

for rheumatoid arthritis

830

Celexa See Citalopram

Celiac artery, occlusive lesions/stenosis of, intestinal ischemia and

459

Celiac axis compression syndrome

459

Celiac disease/celiac sprue (gluten enteropathy)

601–603

dermatitis herpetiformis and

113

602

HLA in

112–113

801

lymphoma associated with

603

611

Cell death, programmed (apoptosis), P53

regulation of, cancer etiology and

1641

Cell-mediated autoimmunity

798

Cell-mediated (delayed/type IV) hypersensitivity reactions See Hypersensitivity reactions

Cell-mediated (cellular) immunity

infections associated with defects in

1289

tests for, in nutritional assessment

1263

Cell surface antigens, immune cell See also under CD

Cell wall-deficient (L) forms, penicillin resistance and

1560

Cellophane tape test

for enterobiasis/pinworm infection diagnosis

1521

for T saginata diagnosis

1509

Cellular adoptive therapy, with IL-2 activated killer cells

805

Cellulitis

124–125

1556

anaerobic

1435

of auricle

181

in chronic venous insufficiency

474

deep venous thrombosis differentiated from

125

nonclostridial crepitant

1435

orbital

170–171

peritonsillar

206

sublingual/submaxillary space (Ludwig's angina)

207

superficial (erysipelas)

124

1401

1556

synergistic necrotizing

1435

tinea pedis and

103

125

vibrios causing

1428

Cellulose phosphate, for absorptive hypercalciuria

945

Cenesthetic hallucinations, in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1058

Cenestin See Estrogens, synthetic

Centor criteria, for streptococcal pharyngitis

205

1400

1401

Central alveolar hypoventilation

305

Central cord syndrome

1021

Central nervous system See also Nervous system; Neurologic disorders

infections of See also Encephalitis; Meningitis

anaerobic

1434–1435

otitis media causing

186

primary angiitis of

851

Central neurogenic hyperventilation, in coma or stupor

305

1018

Central pontine myelinolysis, hyponatremia treatment and

870

Central retinal artery occlusion

166

Central retinal vein occlusion

165–166

Central sleep apnea

305

Central vein nutritional support (total parenteral nutrition/hyperalimentation)

1281

acidosis caused by

887

890

1284

in burn injury

1598

complications of

1284–1285

1284

in Crohn's disease

625

hepatic steatosis caused by

668

in HIV infection/AIDS

1322

in pancreatitis

696

patient monitoring during

1285

solutions for

1283

1284

1284

Central venous pressure

jugular venous pulsations in evaluation of

314

in myocardial infarction

356

in pulmonary disorders

222

in shock

479

Centruroides stings

1636

Cephalexin

1566

1566

cost of

1562

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1418

for impetigo

113

1401

for urinary tract infection

939

Cephalosporins

1565–1568

1565

1566

allergy to

1568

penicillin allergy cross-reactivity and

1316

resistance to

1565

toxicity of

1568

Cephapirin

1566

Cephradine

1566

1566

Cercariae/metacercariae

angiostrongyliasis transmitted by

1516–1517

1517

clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis transmitted by

1506

fascioliasis transmitted by

1505

fasciolopsiasis transmitted by

1504

paragonimiasis transmitted by

1507

schistosomiasis transmitted by

1501

Cercarial dermatitis, in schistosomiasis

1502

Cerclage, for incompetent cervix

769

Cerebellar arteriovenous malformations

998

Cerebellar artery obstruction, stroke caused by

993

Cerebellar degeneration, paraneoplastic

1005

1696

1698

Cerebellar hemorrhage

995

Cerebellar tonsils, herniation of, space-occupying tumors causing

1001

Cerebellar tumors

1001

hemangioblastoma

1000

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

Cerebral aneurysm See Intracranial aneurysm

Cerebral angiography/arteriography See also Neuroimaging

in brain death determination

1019

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations

997–998

Cerebral artery occlusion, in stroke

991

991–993

Cerebral contusions/lacerations

1020

Cerebral decompression sickness

1603

Cerebral hemorrhage See Intracerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral infarction/ischemia

991–994

992

hypertension and

425

stupor and coma caused by

1018–1019

Cerebral injury

1019–1020

1020

in near drowning victim

1603

Cerebral ischemia See Cerebral infarction; Transient ischemic attacks

Cerebral lymphoma, primary, in HIV infection/AIDS

1000

1003

1324

1328

Cerebral malaria

1487

1497

Cerebral metastases

1002

Cerebral paragonimiasis

1507

Cerebral toxoplasmosis, in HIV infection/AIDS

1003

1324

1335

1499

prophylaxis of

1333

1347

Cerebritis, lupus

836

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

in African trypanosomiasis

1464

in anthrax

1412

in CNS infections

1293

1294

in coccidioidomycosis

1539–1540

in cryptococcosis

1543

in cysticercosis

1511

P.1771

in eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (angiostrongyliasis)

1517

in Guillain-Barr syndrome

1027

in herpes simplex encephalitis/meningitis

1351

in intracranial aneurysm

996

in Kawasaki syndrome

1399

in leptomeningeal metastases (carcinomatous meningitis)

1002

in listeriosis

1414

in Lyme disease

1460

in lymphocytic choriomeningitis

1373

in meningococcal meningitis

1421

in multiple sclerosis

1015

in paragonimiasis

1507

in pneumococcal meningitis

1405

in poliomyelitis

1366–1367

in spinal cord tumors

1003

in syphilis

1446

1449

1451

1452

in HIV infection/AIDS

1332

1452

in tick-borne encephalitis

1380

in toxoplasmosis

1499–1500

in tuberculous meningitis

1438

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage, in head injury

1020

Cerebrovascular accident See Stroke

Cerebrovascular disorders

estrogen replacement therapy and

761

1188

headache in

32

978

hypertensive

425

neurologic complications of cancer and

1004

occlusive

456–458

homocysteine in

1706–1707

oral contraceptive use and

753

Ceruloplasmin

laboratory reference range for

1736

in Wilson's disease

678

Cerumen impaction

181

hearing loss and

180

Ceruminous gland adenoma

183

Cervical cap

756

Cervical carcinoma See Cervix (uterine), cancer of

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN/dysplasia of cervix)

734–736

734

DES exposure and

733

in HIV infection/AIDS

1329

HPV tests in screening for

1655

oral contraceptive use and

753

Cervical lymph nodes, normal

215

Cervical lymphadenopathy, reactive

215

Cervical mucus, evaluation of

in infertility workup

749

in symptothermal natural family planning

756–757

Cervical rib syndrome

816

1031

Cervical spine/disk disease

1030–1031

arthritic/degenerative

816

1031

chest pain in

344

herniation/protrusion

815–816

1030–1031

1032–1033

vertigo and

192

Cervical spondylosis

816

1031

Cervical strain

815

Cervical vertigo

191–192

Cervical warts See Venereal (genital) warts

Cervicitis

733

chlamydial

1441

gonococcal

1432

infertility and

749

painful intercourse and

748

postgonococcal

1432

Cervicofacial actinomycosis

1436

Cervix (uterine)

biopsy of

in abnormal premenopausal bleeding

728

in cervical cancer

736

in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

cancer of

736–737

736

1664

HIV infection/AIDS

735

1329

HPV infection and

735

736

1644

screening tests for

1655

oral contraceptive use and

753

Pap smears in screening for

15

16

734

735

1655

in elderly

16

55

preinvasive (carcinoma in situ)

736

736

737

cauterization of, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

conization of, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cervical cancer

735

736

dysplasia (CIN) of

734–736

734

incompetent

768

cerclage/activity restriction for

769

polyps of

733

Cesarean section

antibiotic prophylaxis for

47

for cardiac patient

417

778

for prevention of herpes genitalis transmission to fetus/newborn

779

for prevention of HIV transmission to fetus/newborn

776

Cestode infections

1508–1515

Cetirizine

789

adverse ocular effects of

178

Cetuximab

1667

1677

1698

CF See Counting fingers

CFTR See Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein

CH50 (complement)

in immune complex disease

795

laboratory reference range for

1737

Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis)

1465–1467

achalasia and

580

myocarditis in

399

1466

Chagoma

1466

Chalazion

154

Chancre

syphilitic

1443

1446

1448

anal

645

1448

trypanosomal

1463

Chancroid

1433

CHAOS See Syndrome X

Chaotic (multifocal) atrial tachycardia

378

Charas

1088

Charcoal, activated, for poisoning/drug overdose

1612

repeat-dose

1613

Charcot joint (neurogenic arthropathy)

862

in diabetes mellitus

862

1223

in tabes dorsalis

862

1451

Charcot-Leyden crystals

in paragonimiasis

1507

in trichuriasis/whipworm

1534

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

1024

Charcot's triad

687

688

Cheilitis, angular, in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

Chelation therapy See also specific type

adverse ocular effects of

179

for arsenic poisoning

1620

for heavy metal poisoning

1611

for hemochromatosis/iron poisoning/overload

677

1625–1626

in thalassemia

486

for lead poisoning

1627

for mercury poisoning

1627

for Wilson's disease

678

Chemical carcinogens

1644

Chemical injury

acids causing

1617

1617

alkalies causing

1617–1618

1617

of esophagus

571–572

1617

1617–1618

of eye (conjunctivitis/keratitis)

172

1611

1617

1618

of lung

297

1617

aspiration and

294

295

drug-induced

298

298

smoke inhalation and

294

1596

Chemical warfare agents See also Bioterrorism

nerve agents

1621–1622

ricin

1622

“Chemo” toxicity/abuse

1627

Chemodectomas (carotid body tumors)

458

Chemokine receptors, in HIV infection/AIDS

1320

Chemoprevention/chemoprophylaxis

3

antibiotic/antimicrobial See Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis

for cancer

1648–1654

breast cancer and

706

1651–1652

1652

colorectal cancer and

638

1279

1650

for cardiovascular disease

12

341

Chemoradiation therapy

1659–1660

for bladder cancer

968

for esophageal cancer

578

578–579

for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

212

213

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

80–81

538

539

Chemosclerosis, for malignant effusions

1693

Chemosis, in allergic eye disease

157

Chemotherapy (cancer)

1660–1679

1663–1665

1672–1678

adjuvant

1661

1679–1680

adverse ocular effects of

179

breast feeding and

786

cancer types responsive to

1662

1663–1665

dosages of agents used in

1672–1678

modification of

1680–1687

1681

dose-dense/dose-intense

1661

1662

dosing schedules and

1662

evaluation of response to

1686–1689

high dose See High dose chemotherapy

for hypercalcemia

1691

hyperuricemia associated with

1691–1692

infections in neutropenic patients and

1289

1555

1694–1695

leukemia caused by

508

1644–1645

1660

local/regional administration and

1662

nausea and vomiting caused by

539

1682–1683

acupuncture for

1728–1729

neoadjuvant

1661

new/novel agents used in

1661–1679

1676–1677

1698–1702

1698

with radiation therapy See Chemoradiation therapy

renal failure and

904

resistance and

1660–1661

secondary malignancy and

508

1644–1645

1660

P.1772

supportive agents/care and

1671

1677–1678

1688–1689

with surgery

1661

toxicity of agents used in

1672–1678

1680–1686

1681

Chenodeoxycholic acid, for cholelithiasis/gallstones

686

Chen's sign

319

Chest auscultation

221

in heart disease

315

myocardial infarction

356

Chest examination

in heart disease, myocardial infarction

356

in pulmonary disorders

221

Chest pain

312

581–582

in achalasia

579

in acute coronary syndromes

352

in angina

312

343

alteration in before myocardial infarction

355–356

coronary vasospasm causing

347

Prinzmetal's (variant)

347

in aortic dissection

312

344

451

in aortic regurgitation

335

in cardiomyopathy

403

in cervical/thoracic spine disease

344

581

dyspnea and

23

in esophageal disorders

344

gastroesophageal reflux disease

566

581

infectious esophagitis

570

motility disorders

344

580

581–582

pill-induced esophagitis

571

ischemic

312

in myocardial infarction

312

356

management of

360

noncardiac

344

581–582

in pericarditis

407

pleuritic (pleuritis)

299

in thoracic actinomycosis

1436

in pneumothorax

303

344

psychologic causes of

581

respirophasic, in pulmonary embolism

281

282

344

in thoracic outlet syndrome

344

467

visceral sensitivity causing

581

Chest pain observation units

352

Chest percussion (diagnostic)

221

Chest percussion (therapeutic)

in bronchiectasis

244

in COPD

242

in cystic fibrosis

245

Chest tube drainage (tube thoracostomy)

for empyema

302

for hemothorax

302–303

for parapneumonic effusion

302

1404

for pneumothorax

304

Chest wall

breast cancer recurrence in

725

disorders of, chest pain in

581

expansion/movements of during breathing

221

respiratory failure caused by disorders of

307

Chewing, facial pain associated with

979

Cheyne-Stokes respiration (periodic breathing)

221

in coma or stupor

1018

in heart failure

314

CHF See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure

Chi, in acupuncture

1722–1723

Chibroxin See Norfloxacin

Chickenpox See Varicella

Chiclero's ulcer

1485

Chiggers, skin lesions caused by

136

Chilblain (erythema pernio)

1591

Chilblain lupus erythematosus

1591

Child abuse

Munchausen by proxy and

1048

sexual

1052

intrafamilial (incest)

1052

prevention of

16–17

Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification for cirrhosis

673

674

surgery and

43

Chinese liver fluke, clonorchiasis caused by

1506

Chiropractic

1709

Chlamydia (chlamydial infections)

1440–1442

1554

epididymitis

943

1556

gonococcal coinfection and

1432

1441

pneumoniae

1440

1442

1554

atherosclerosis/heart disease and

446

1442

pneumonia

249

251

252

1556

psittaci

1440

1441–1442

1554

trachomatis

1440

1440–1441

1554

anorectal involvement and

645

epididymitis

943

1556

inclusion conjunctivitis

156

lymphogranuloma venereum

1440–1441

pelvic inflammatory disease

741

742

1441

1557

during pregnancy

780

rape/sexual assault in transmission of

759

1297

trachoma

156

urethritis and cervicitis

1441

1556

Chloasma (melasma)

143

1100

oral contraceptive use and

143

753

1100

Chloral hydrate

1045

adverse ocular effects of

178

Chlorambucil

1672

for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

511

Chloramphenicol

1572

adverse effects of

1572

ocular

179

breast feeding and

786

nutrients affected by

1260

for ophthalmic disorders

175

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

Chlordane, poisoning caused by

1622

Chlordiazepoxide

1045

Chlorguanide See Proguanil

Chloride

1259

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

866

1737

in metabolic alkalosis

891

replacement of

895

requirements for in nutritional support

1282

Chlorinated insecticides, poisoning caused by

1622

2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine See Cladribine

Chlorophenothane (DDT), poisoning caused by

1622

Chloroquine

adverse ocular effects of

179

1492

for amebiasis

1470

1471

1472

for lupus erythematosus

105

for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1489

1490

1492

1495–1496

1496

1497

emergency self-treatment and

1488

in pregnancy

767

1492

1496

with proguanil

1488

1495

resistance to

1489

1490

1491

1492

1496

1497

rabies vaccination affected by

1314

1371

1492

Chlorpheniramine

789

Chlorpromazine

1059

1060

overdose/toxicity of

1060

1063

1633

Chlorpropamide

1206

1207

adverse ocular effects of

179

intensive therapy with

1203–1205

Chlorthalidone

429

439

Chokes (pulmonary decompression sickness)

1603

Cholangiocarcinoma

681

692–693

in clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis

692

1506

in primary sclerosing cholangitis

691

692

Cholangiography

endoscopic retrograde (ERCP) See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

percutaneous transhepatic (PTC) See Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

Cholangiopancreatography

endoscopic retrograde (ERCP) See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

magnetic resonance (MRCP) See Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

Cholangitis

autoimmune

675

biliary stricture causing

690

cholecystitis and

687

choledocholithiasis and

688–690

drugs/toxins causing

666

liver abscess and

681

during pregnancy

782

primary sclerosing

690–692

in HIV infection/AIDS

691

1326

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃)

1158

Cholecystectomy

for cholecystitis

687

for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis

689

for cholelithiasis/gallstones

685

pancreatitis and

696

697

for precholecystectomy syndrome

688

pregnancy and

685

782

783

symptom persistence after (postcholecystectomy syndrome)

685

688

Cholecystitis

685

686–687

1555

acalculous

686

in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

parenteral nutritional support and

1284

acute

685

686–687

chronic

685

687

in hereditary spherocytosis

491

during pregnancy

782–783

xanthogranulomatous

687

Cholecystostomy, during pregnancy

782

Choledocholithiasis

685

688–690

pancreatitis and

697

during pregnancy

782–783

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

684–686

685

cholecystitis and

686

687

in hereditary spherocytosis

491

pancreatitis and

697

during pregnancy

685

782–783

in short bowel syndrome

606

in sickle cell syndromes

493

Cholera

1427–1428

1553

immunization against

1313

1428

pancreatic

1692

P.1773

Cholestasis

649

in biliary cirrhosis

674

675

drugs/toxins causing

666

hereditary/intrahepatic

649

650

651

of pregnancy

651

782–783

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for

1719

Cholestatic jaundice

649

Cholesteatoma

185–186

Cholesterol

1240

in atherogenesis/coronary heart disease

339

340

1240–1241

1241–1242

in diabetes mellitus

1201

1225

dietary

1247

1258

elevated levels of

1240

lowering

341

1242–1243

cholesterol screening and

1244–1247

1245–1246

in women and elderly

1246

1247

rosiglitazone therapy and

1210

screening for

1244–1247

1245–1246

estrogen replacement therapy and

1187

in gallstones

684

686

garlic affecting

1712

1714–1715

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1737

Cholesterol emboli, arterial

461–462

Cholesterol-lowering diet

1247–1248

1278–1279

in diabetes

1205

1225

Cholesterolosis of gallbladder

685

687

Cholestyramine

for diarrhea

551

for lipid modification/heart disease prevention

1249–1250

1251

nutrients affected by

1260

Choline, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

Choline magnesium salicylate

75

Cholinergic rebound

1071

Cholinergic syndrome, in poisoning/drug overdose

1614

Cholinergic urticaria

121

122

Cholinesterase inhibitors See Anticholinesterases

Chondritis See Polychondritis

Chondroblastoma

862

Chondrocalcinosis

814

1151

Chondrocyte transplantation, autologous, for osteoarthritis

810

Chondroitin plus glucosamine sulfate

810

1721–1722

1721

Chondromyxoid fibromas

862

Chondrosarcomas

862

CHOP regimen, for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

513

Chordae tendinae, rupture of (flail leaflet)

331

Chorea

differential diagnosis of

1011

drug-induced

1013

in Huntington's disease

1010

1011

Sydenham's, in rheumatic fever

405

1011

Choriocarcinoma

773–774

1665

hyperthyroidism and

774

1136

testicular

971

Choriomeningitis, lymphocytic

1372–1374

Chorionic gonadotropin See Human chorionic gonadotropin

Choroidal circulation, hypertension affecting (hypertensive retinochoroidopathy)

167–168

Choroidal hemorrhage, in blood dyscrasias

168

Choroiditis

162

Christmas disease (hemophilia B)

528

Chromium, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

Chromoblastomycosis (chromomycosis)

1547

Chromogranin A, in pheochromocytomas

1175

Chromosomal abnormalities, in cancer

1641

1641–1642

screening/testing for

1643

Chronic angle-closure glaucoma

159

Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus

104–105

Chronic disease

anemia of

483–484

in histoplasmosis

1538

exercise/activity benefits and

12

Chronic fatigue syndrome

29–31

30

31

fibromyalgia and

30

820

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510–511

1663

genetic mutations in

1641

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

500

504–506

1663

BCR-ABL fusion protein defect in

504

505

1641

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)

504

506

507

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

238–243

acidosis in

238

242

893

atrial flutter in

242

378

cough in

21

238

dyspnea in

23

23

218

238

histoplasmosis in

1538

postoperative pulmonary complications associated with

41

42

pulmonary function tests in

238

239

pulmonary heart disease and

242

412

respiratory failure in

242

smoking and

5

238

240

Chronic pain disorders

1049–1052

1051

acupuncture for

1724–1727

1725

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)

941

Chronic prolymphocytic leukemia

510

Chronic renal failure See Renal failure

Chronic venous insufficiency See Venous insufficiency/stasis

Chronic wasting disease (CWD)

1375

Chrysotherapy See Gold therapy

Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic angiitis and granulomatosis)

292

leukotriene modifiers for asthma and

234

renal involvement in

916

918

Chvostek's sign

in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism

878

1147

malabsorption and

600

Chylomicronemia See Hyperchylomicronemia

Chylomicrons

1240

Chylous ascites

563

Chylous pleural effusion

300

malignant

1693

Chyluria

932

in filariasis

1522

CI See Cardiac index

Cialis See Tadalafil

Cicatricial baldness

144

Ciclopirox

89

Cidofovir

1587

for cytomegalovirus infection

168

1352

1361

1587

Cigarette/cigar smoking See Smoking

Ciguatera poisoning

1635

1635

Cilaxin See Ciprofloxacin

Ciliary body inflammation (cyclitis)

162

Cilostazol, for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

Cimetidine

588–589

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

benzodiazepine interactions and

1046

Cimex lectularius bites

136

CIN See Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cinacalcet (AMG 073), for hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism

880

1154

Cinchona alkaloids, for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1488

Cinchonism (quinine toxicity)

1494

Cingulotomy, for obsessive-compulsive disorders

1047

Cinoxacin

1579

Cipro See Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin

1579

1580

1580

1581

for anaerobic intra-abdominal infections

1435

for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment

1412–1413

1412

cost of

1561

1562

for Crohn's disease

624

625

for ophthalmic disorders

175

resistance to

1579–1580

for tuberculosis

1575

for urinary tract infection

939

Circadian rhythm dysfunction, in seasonal affective disorder

1066

Circulating volume, effective

865

Circumcision, urinary tract infections and

937

Cirrhosis

668–674

674

alcoholic/alcoholic hepatitis and

664

668

669

biliary

670

674–676

cardiac

670

drugs/toxins causing

666

esophageal varices in

573

574

669

670

gastrointestinal bleeding in

574

670

hemochromatosis and

669–670

676

677

hepatic coagulopathy and

529

673

Laennec's

668

lipid abnormalities and

1244

liver cancer and

657

670

681–682

683

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and

668

669

postoperative complications and

43

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for

1719

1721

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and

560

671

viral hepatitis and

654

657

659–660

669

Cisapride

antidepressant drug interactions and

1070

1074

withdrawal of from market

1224

Cisplatin

1672

for bladder cancer

968

for lung cancer

271

for testicular cancer

972

toxicity of

1672

1683–1684

1685

Citalopram

1068

1070

1072

overdose toxicity of, seizures/serotonin syndrome caused by

1637

Citracal (calcium citrate) See Calcium, dietary/supplementary

Citrate, in hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis

946

Citrus aurantium (bitter orange), in “Ephedra-free” weight loss products

1718

CJD See Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

CK See Creatine kinase

P.1774

CK-MB See Creatine kinase-MB

Cl^- See Chloride

Cladophialophora

carrionii

1547

chromoblastomycosis caused by

1547

phaeohyphomycosis caused by

1550

Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine)

1669

1675

for hairy cell leukemia

512

1669

Clarithromycin

1569

1570

for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment

1412

cost of

1562

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1418

for MAC treatment/prophylaxis in HIV infection/AIDS

1335

1347

1437

resistance to

1569

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

Claudication

arm, in arterial thoracic outlet syndrome

468

ginkgo for

454

1712

1715

jaw, in giant cell arteritis

846

in lower extremity occlusive disease

453

454

455

1103

in popliteal entrapment syndrome

455–456

in spinal stenosis

820

in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

462

Clavulanic acid, with penicillins

1564

Clcr See Creatinine clearance

Clean-catch urine specimen

934

Cleaning agents, poisoning caused by See Caustic/corrosive agents

Clear cell carcinoma of vagina, DES exposure and

733

Clear lens extraction

153

Clear liquid diet

1277–1278

Clemastine

789

Cleocin See Clindamycin

Clicks

315

in mitral valve prolapse

331

in pulmonic regurgitation

338

Climacteric

1185

Climara See Estradiol transdermal systems

Clindamycin

1577

for acne

88

116

for anaerobic intra-abdominal infections

1435

for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment

1412

for bacterial vaginosis

732

1577

with benzoyl peroxide

88

116

cost of

1561

1562

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1418

1577

for malaria

1490

1495

1497

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

topical

88

Clinician-assisted suicide

69

Clinician–patient relationship See Doctor–patient relationship

Clinoril See Sulindac

Clitocybe (muscarinic) mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

1630

CLL See Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Clobetasol

88

Clock draw, in dementia screening

51

52–53

Clodronate

1671

Clofarabine

1673

Clofazimine

for leprosy

1440

for tuberculosis and MAC infections

1575

Clofibrate

1250

nutrients affected by

1260

Clomiphene

for male infertility

1107

for ovulation induction

749–750

1107

Clomipramine

1071

1072

Clonazepam

985

1045

for bipolar disease/mania

1075

for seizures

985

Clonic seizures

982

Clonidine

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for diarrhea

551

for hypertension

437

438

urgencies/emergencies

444

445

for irritable bowel syndrome

617

for migraine prophylaxis

976

for opioid withdrawal

1087

overdose/toxicity of

1622–1623

perioperative administration of

37–38

38

Clonorchis sinensis (clonorchiasis)

1506

cholangiocarcinoma and

692

1506

Clopidogrel

for acute coronary syndromes

349

353

353

in atherosclerosis/heart disease prevention

341

for myocardial infarction

353

357–358

365

Clorazepate

1044

1045

Clostridium (clostridial infections)

1408–1411

1553

bifermentans

1408

botulinum (botulism)

1035

1302

1410–1411

difficile, colitis/diarrhea caused by

545

546

618–620

1300

1302

histolyticum

1408

myonecrosis (gas gangrene) caused by

1408–1409

novyi

1408

perfringens

1408

food poisoning/gastroenteritis caused by

545

1300

1302

ramosum

1408

tetani

1409

Clotrimazole

89

1584

for vaginal candidiasis

732

1536

1584

Clotting factors See Coagulation factors

Cloxacillin

1564

Clozapine

1059

1060

1060

agranulocytosis caused by

1060

1063

neuroleptic malignant syndrome and

1063

overdose/toxicity of

1060

1063

1063

1633

Clozaril See Clozapine

Clubbed fingers (digital clubbing)

145

221–222

in bronchiectasis

244

in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease

275

in lung cancer

267

Clue cells, in bacterial vaginosis

732

Cluster headache (migrainous neuralgia)

974

976–977

Clusters of differentiation (CD) See CD markers

CMF regimen, for breast cancer

719

1679

CML See Chronic myelogenous leukemia

CMML See Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

CMV infections See Cytomegalovirus infections

CMV syndrome

1360

Co-Q₁₀ (coenzyme Q₁₀)

1721

1722

CO₂ laser therapy See Carbon dioxide laser therapy

CO₂ narcosis See Carbon dioxide narcosis

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

1408

burn wound infection caused by

1408

1597

endocarditis caused by

1408

1415

1419

Coagulation

disorders of See Bleeding; Coagulopathy

disseminated intravascular See Disseminated intravascular coagulation

vitamin K in

529

deficiency and

529–530

liver disease and

528–529

Coagulation factors See also specific type under Factor

deficiency of

528

in liver disease

528–529

vitamin K-dependent

528–529

529

Coagulopathy See also specific type and Bleeding

cancer-related

1697

in disseminated intravascular coagulation

530

in gram-negative bacteremia and sepsis

1423

of liver disease

528–529

variceal hemorrhage and

574

in renal failure/uremia

526

910

Coal worker's pneumoconiosis

295–296

295

Coarctation of aorta

319–320

pregnancy and

417

Coartem See Riamet

Cobalamin See Vitamin B₁₂

Cocaine See also Cocaine abuse

toxicity and

1089

1618

cardiac

347

355

400

1089

Cocaine abuse

1089

1618

acupuncture for cessation of

1729

myocardial ischemia/infarction/myocarditis and

347

355

400

1089

during pregnancy

765

1089

psychotic behavior associated with

1058

1089

pulmonary disorders and

298

Coccidioides immitis (coccidioidomycosis)

1539–1540

bone and joint infection in

859–860

1539

Coccidiosis, coccidial

1475–1478

Cochlea

hearing loss caused by disorders of

180

187–189

noise trauma affecting

188

recruitment/hyperacusis caused by disorders of

189–190

Cockcroft-Gault formula

898

Codeine

74

78

with aspirin or acetaminophen

74

78

for diarrhea

551

overdose/toxicity of

1631

in pain management

74

78

Coenzyme Q₁₀

1721

1722

Coffee grounds emesis/aspirate

in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis/gastropathy

582

in gastrointestinal anthrax

1412

in gastrointestinal bleeding

551

552

555

in peptic ulcer disease

592

Cogan's syndrome

189

Cogentin See Benztropine

Cognitive ability

assessment of

in elderly

51

52–53

mental status exam for

1038

1039

estrogen replacement therapy and

761

1187

1188

ginkgo affecting

1712

1715

impairment in See Cognitive disorders

P.1775

Cognitive behavior therapy See also Behavior modification

for chronic fatigue syndrome

30

Cognitive disorders

1090–1094

1091

assessment of

51

52–53

1038

1039

decision-making capacity and

53–54

in elderly

51

52–53

screening for

51

52–53

endocrine disorders causing

1091

treatment of

1092–1093

Cohen's syndrome

1098–1099

Coil embolization, for intracranial aneurysm

996

997

Coin lesion See Solitary pulmonary nodule

Colchicine

for gout

812

812–813

nutrients affected by

1260

Cold (common cold/viral rhinitis)

194–195

1387

cough in

219

echinacea for

1712

1716

over-the-counter remedies for, in elderly

65–66

Cold agglutinin disease

496–497

Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia and

496

Cold exposure

1589–1592

acrocyanosis and

466

hypothermia caused by

of extremities

1591

rhabdomyolysis and

843

systemic

1589–1591

livedo reticularis and

466

Raynaud's syndrome and

464

465

Cold/fever sore (herpes simplex)

108–109

Cold therapy, for rheumatoid arthritis

829

Cold urticaria

121

1589

Colectomy

for colorectal cancer

639–640

in familial adenomatous polyposis

635

for gastrointestinal bleeding

556

for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

637

Colesevelam, for lipid modification/heart disease prevention

1249–1250

1251

Colestid See Colestipol

Colestipol, for lipid modification/heart disease prevention

1249–1250

1251

Colic See Biliary colic; Renal colic; Ureteral pain/colic

Colistin

1574

Colitis See also Diarrhea

amebic (intestinal amebiasis)

545

546

549

550

dysenteric

1468

1470

1471

nondysenteric

1468

1470

1471

postdysenteric

1472

antibiotic-associated (Clostridium difficile)

545

546

618–620

1300

1302

collagenous

631

ischemic

459

gastrointestinal bleeding and

555

lymphocytic

631

microscopic

549

631

postdysenteric

1472

pseudomembranous

619

ulcerative See Ulcerative colitis

Collagen, type I, mutations in gene for in osteogenesis imperfecta

1155

Collagenomas, in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1191

Collagenous colitis

631

Colloids, for fluid management/volume replacement

in burn injuries

1597

in shock

479

Colon

dilation of See also Megacolon

in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome)

608

disorders of

615–643

amebic ulcers

1468

constipation and See Constipation

diverticular

631–633

fecal impaction and

544

neoplastic See also Colorectal cancer

lower gastrointestinal bleeding and

555

polyps

633–637

Colon cutoff sign, in pancreatitis

695

Colon transit time

542

Colonic inertia (slow colonic transit), constipation and

542

Colonic pseudo-obstruction

acute (Ogilvie's syndrome)

608–609

chronic

609–610

Colonography, spiral CT (virtual colonoscopy) See Colonoscopy, virtual

Colonoscopy

in adenomatous polyp identification/removal

634

for colon decompression in acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome)

609

in colorectal cancer evaluation/screening

15

16

634

638

642–643

1655–1656

in Crohn's disease

623

in diarrhea

550

in gastrointestinal bleeding

diagnostic

555–556

occult bleeding and

557–558

therapeutic

556

in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

637

hyponatremia after

869

in intestinal amebiasis

1469

in ulcerative colitis

628

630

virtual

in adenomatous polyp identification

634

in colorectal cancer screening

16

643

1656

Color flow Doppler ultrasound

316

Color perception, loss of

intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

in optic neuritis

169

Colorado tick fever

1380–1381

Colorectal cancer

637–643

1664

adjuvant therapy for

640

1679

aspirin/NSAIDs in prevention of

638

1650

calcium supplements in prevention of

638

1279

chemoprevention and

638

1279

1650

chemotherapy for

640

Crohn's disease and

624

diet and

638

1647

estrogen replacement therapy affecting risk of

638

familial adenomatous polyposis and

635

637

638

1642

family history affecting risk of

637–638

gastrointestinal bleeding and

555

638

genetic mutations associated with

635

636

636–637

637

1641

1643

fecal DNA assay in identification of

642

hamartomatous polyposis syndromes and

636

hereditary nonpolyposis (HNPCC)

636–637

1643

incidence/risk/mortality of

637

1640

inflammatory bowel disease and

624

630

638

nonfamilial adenomatous polyps and

633

polyps/polyposis and

633

635–637

1643

radiation therapy for

640

screening for

15

16

638

641–643

641

1655–1656

1656

in elderly

55

genetic testing in

635

636

636–637

637

642

1643

staging of

638–639

639

639

ulcerative colitis and

630

Colorectal surgery

639–640

follow-up after

641

prevention of postoperative wound infection and, antibiotic prophylaxis for

47

Colostrum

784

Colposcopy

729

in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

in rape victim examination

759

CoLyte See Polyethylene glycol

Coma

1017–1019

cerebral infarction causing

993

diabetic/hyperglycemic

1198

1227–1233

1228

in diabetic ketoacidosis

1227–1231

1228

in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

1228

1231–1232

lactic acidosis and

1228

1233

emergency management of

1607–1608

1608

hypoglycemic

1103

1228

in poisoning/drug overdose

1608

hypothermia causing

1019

metabolic disturbances causing

1018–1019

myxedema

1132

1133

in poisoning/drug overdose

1019

1607–1608

1608

reversible, brain death differentiated from

1019

in stroke

991

993

structural lesions causing

1018

subarachnoid hemorrhage causing

995

Coma vigil (persistent vegetative state)

1019

Combination antiretroviral therapy

1336–1339

1342–1343

1343

Combination chemotherapy See also specific type of cancer

Combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD)

1105

Combipatch See Estradiol transdermal systems

Combivir See Zidovudine (AZT), with lamivudine

Comedo extraction

116

Comedones, in acne

115

116

Commissurotomy

mitral

329

for pulmonary stenosis

319

Common cold See Cold (common cold/viral rhinitis)

Common duct stones See Choledocholithiasis

Common faint

384

Common peroneal nerve palsy

1029

Common variable immunodeficiency

796

Commotio cordis

418

Communicating artery, anterior, in stroke

991

P.1776

Community-acquired pneumonia

247–253

1403

1555

in HIV infection/AIDS

1323

Comparative genomic hybridization, cancer development studied with

1641

Compartment syndrome, abdominal, in burn patient

1597

Compatibility testing, for transfusion

533

Complement See also C3; C3b; C4; C5A

in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

495

in cold agglutinin disease

496

in familial Mediterranean fever

563

in IgA nephropathy

917

in immune complex disease

795

laboratory reference range for

1737

in lupus erythematosus

105

835

in membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy

925

in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491

in postinfectious glomerulonephritis

915

in urticaria

121

Complement fixation tests

800

Complementary/alternative medicine

1709–1732

acupuncture

1722–1729

1724

1725–1726

for cancer

1702

dietary supplements

1719–1722

1720

herbal medicines

1709

1710–1719

1711

1712–1713

homeopathy

1729–1732

1731

Complete abortion

768

Complete (third-degree) heart block

382

383

in myocardial infarction

362

Complex 15

90

Complex drug reactions

149

Complex partial seizures

981

981

schizophrenia differentiated from

1058

Complex partial status epilepticus

986

Complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

466–467

822–823

Compliance/noncompliance, patient

1–2

anticonvulsant therapy and

983

986

antipsychotic drug administration and

1062

antiretroviral therapy and

1

1339

in elderly

hearing amplification and

52

medication regimen and

65

tuberculosis therapy and

259–260

Compound nevi

93

Compression chambers/centers See Hyperbaric oxygen therapy; Recompression

Compression fractures, back pain caused by

817

Compression neuropathy See Entrapment/compression neuropathy; Neuropathies

Compression sclerotherapy, for varicose veins

470

Compression stockings

for lymphedema

477

for varicose veins

469

for venous insufficiency/leg ulcers

142

474

for venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism prevention

284

286

471

Compromised host See Immunocompromised host

Compulsions

1044

Compulsive water drinking See Psychogenic polydipsia

Computed tomography (CT scans) See also specific disorder and Neuroimaging

in angina

346

in appendicitis

612–613

in colorectal cancer screening (CT colonography/virtual colonoscopy)

16

643

1656

in liver disease/jaundice

650–652

in lung cancer screening

265

1655

1657

in lung cancer staging

268

270

multislice (fast CT), in heart disease

317

in pheochromocytoma

1176

in pulmonary embolism

283

in renal disease

899

in solitary pulmonary nodule

265–266

in thyroid cancer

1125

1127

in tumor size evaluation

1686

in urinary stone evaluation

899

945

Computed tomography bone densitometry, in osteoporosis

1156

Computed tomography colonography (virtual colonoscopy)

in adenomatous polyp identification

634

in colorectal cancer screening

16

643

1656

Computer-assisted detection, in mammography

708

Computerized stereotactic guided core needle breast biopsy

712

COMT inhibitors See Catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors

Concussion

1020

labyrinthine, vertigo caused by

191

Condoms

756

for contraception

756

female

756

for genital wart prevention

128

733

for gonorrhea prevention

1432

for HIV infection/AIDS prevention

4

1331

for syphilis prevention

1447

Conduction disturbances

367

382–385

antidepressants causing

1071

arrhythmias caused by

367

intraventricular

383

in myocardial infarction

362

in restrictive cardiomyopathy

404

Conduction velocity studies

in motor neuron diseases

1022

in neuropathies

1023

Conductive hearing loss

180

Condylomas (condylomata)

acuminata (venereal/genital warts)

127

128

anorectal involvement and

128

645–646

imiquimod for removal of

128

646

podophyllum resin for removal of

128

646

733

vaginal/vulvar

732

733

lata

1444

1449

anorectal involvement and

645

Conformal radiation therapy, three-dimensional

1659

for prostate cancer

965

Confrontation field testing

152

Confusion

1091–1092

Congestive heart (cardiac) failure (CHF)

385–398

acute

397–398

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for

365–366

391–392

angiotensin II receptor blockers for

392

antiarrhythmic therapy for

395

anticoagulation therapy for

395

in aortic regurgitation

334–335

in aortic stenosis

333

asthma caused by (cardiac asthma)

227

atrial fibrillation and

375

375

beta-blocker therapy in

392–393

biventricular pacing (resynchronization) for

396

bronchospasm caused by (cardiac asthma)

227

calcium channel blockers for

395

cardiac transplantation for

396

cardiomyopathy and

387

400–401

402

causes/prevention of

387

in Chagas' disease

1466

classification of

389

clinical findings in

388–390

in coarctation of aorta

320

coenzyme Q₁₀ for

1721

1722

coronary revascularization for

395–396

cough in

388

COX-2 inhibitors and

74

587

in coxsackievirus myocarditis

1390

diastolic dysfunction and

386

386–387

390

diet in management of

395

digitalis glycosides for

393

394

diuretic therapy for

390–391

renal failure and

390

391

910

dyspnea in

23–24

312–313

388

epidemiology of

385

exercise/activity in management of

395

high-output

386

hypertension and

387

424–425

440

in hyperthyroidism

389

1137

1142

hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia in

870

in hypothyroidism/myxedema

389

1132

implantable cardioverter defibrillators for

395

in infectious myocarditis

399

liver in

389

680

management of

nonpharmacologic

395–396

pharmacologic

390–395

myocardial infarction and

357

362–363

palliative care in

396

in patent ductus arteriosus

324

pathophysiology of

385–387

pleural effusion in

300

390

in pneumococcal pneumonia

1404

positive inotropic agents for

394–395

in pregnancy/postpartum period (peripartum cardiomyopathy)

417

778

preoperative evaluation/management of patient with

39–40

415

prognosis for

388

pulmonary edema in

386

389

397–398

pulmonary hypertension and

390

411

refeeding for protein-energy malnutrition and

1266

renal failure and

908

910

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors for

391–392

reversible causes of, correction of

390

rheumatic fever and

405

406

spironolactone for

391

392

stages of

387

387

388

surgery in patient with

39–40

415

surgical interventions in

396

in systemic lupus erythematosus

834

trauma causing

414

in tricuspid regurgitation

337

in tricuspid stenosis

336

vasodilator therapy for

363

393–394

Congregate living, for elderly, tuberculosis/tuberculosis testing and

55

257

P.1777

Conization of cervix, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cervical cancer

735

736

Conjunctiva

discharge from

150

151

foreign body of

150

171

lacerations of

172

Conjunctivitis

151

155–157

allergic

157

bacterial

156

chemical

172

1611

1617

1618

chlamydial

156

conjunctival discharge in

150

151

enterovirus 70 causing

1390

gonococcal

156

1432

herpes simplex

1351

inclusion

156

inflammation/redness in

151

153

viral

156

Connective tissue disorders

autoantibodies in

799

836

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by

1091

overlap (mixed)

842

autoantibodies in

799

842

Connexin-26 mutation, hearing loss and

188–189

Conn's syndrome

1172

1173

Constipation

541–544

541

543

anogenital pruritus and

133

in diabetic autonomic neuropathy

1224

fecal impaction and

544

in hypercalcemia

879

in irritable bowel syndrome

542

616

opioids causing

79

81

in terminally ill/dying patient

81

in typhoid fever

1425

in vincristine-induced neuropathy

1684

Constitutional epilepsy

980

Constrictive pericarditis

409–410

restrictive cardiomyopathy differentiated from

404

410

Consultations/referrals

for malaria risks/chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1488

ophthalmologic

153

psychiatric

1041

Contact dermatitis

allergic

91

113–115

impetigo differentiated from

113

114

urticarial lesions in

121–122

irritant

114

tinea pedis differentiated from

103

Contact lenses

154

cleaning solutions for, toxic and hypersensitivity reactions to

177

corneal ulcers/acanthamoeba keratitis and

154

158

159

1473

Contact photosensitivity

139–140

Contact ulcers, of arytenoid cartilage

210

Contact urticaria

121–122

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

912

Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis

912

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

nasal, for sleep apnea

306

for near drowning victim

1602

prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and

42

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)

1216

1218

Contraception

750–758

antibiotic use affecting efficacy of

117

emergency/postcoital

757

IUD for

755

757

fertility awareness and

756–757

after gestational trophoblastic disease

774

sterilization for

758

Contraceptive foam/cream/film/sponge/jelly/suppository

756

Contraceptive injections/implants

754

Contraceptive-related hypertension

424

Contraceptive transdermal patch

754

Contraceptive vaginal ring

754

Contraction alkalosis

892

Contrast media

iodinated, for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism

1139

reactions to

795

nephrotoxicity/renal failure caused by

903

Contrast nephropathy

903

Contrast venography, in deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism

283

471

Contusions

cerebral

1020

of eye

171

Conversion disorder (hysterical conversion)

1048

1049

pseudoseizures and

983

1048

Convulsions See Seizures

Cooling, for heat exposure syndromes

1594

Coombs test/micro-Coombs test

in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

495

496

in cold agglutinin disease

496

COP See Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis

COPD See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Copepods

dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection) transmitted by

1520

gnathostomiasis transmitted by

1524

Copper

accumulation of in Wilson's disease

677

678

deficiency of, parenteral nutritional support and

1284

requirements for

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

in nutritional support

1282

Copper TCu380A intrauterine device

755

Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase gene mutation, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

1022

Coprine (Coprinus) mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

Coproantigen testing, in tapeworm infections

1509

Coprolalia, in Tourette's syndrome

1013

Coproporphyrins, in porphyria cutanea tarda

112

Cor pulmonale

412

in COPD

242

412

in pulmonary hypertension

292

Coral snake envenomation

1635–1636

Cord blood, stem cells in, for transplantation

802

Cord cavitation (syringomyelia)

1021

Cordran See Flurandrenolide

Core needle (large-needle) biopsy, for breast lump evaluation

711–712

711

712

Core rewarming, for systemic hypothermia

1591

Core temperature

in burn injury, maintaining

1598

in heat exhaustion

1593

in heat stroke

1594

in hypothermia

1590

normal

26

Coreg See Carvedilol

Corgard See Nadolol

Corlopam See Fenoldopam

Cornea

exposure of, in dysthyroid eye disease

170

1137

foreign body of

150

infection of See Keratitis; Keratoconjunctivitis

trauma to

abrasions

171

inflammation/redness in

151

153

lacerations

172

ulcers of

158–159

contact lens wear and

154

158

159

ultraviolet burns of (ultraviolet keratitis)

172

Corns, of feet or toes

129

in diabetes/vascular disorders

1223

Coronary angiography

317–318

346–347

postinfarction

365

Coronary angioplasty, percutaneous transluminal See Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Coronary arteries

disorders of

339–366

in Kawasaki syndrome

1399

in tetralogy of Fallot

323

traumatic injury to

414

Coronary artery aneurysm, in Kawasaki syndrome

1399

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

350

for angina

350

PTCA compared with

351

prophylactic/preoperative

38

39

415

Coronary artery disease (CAD) See Coronary heart disease

Coronary artery revascularization procedures See Revascularization procedures

Coronary heart disease

339–366

aortic stenosis and

333

atrial fibrillation and

375

cardiac failure and

387

389

395–396

Chlamydia pneumoniae in

446

1442

cholesterol/lipoproteins in

339

340

1240–1241

1241–1242

screening tests for levels of

1244–1247

1245–1246

in diabetes mellitus

1225

diagnostic testing in

316

estrogen replacement therapy and

341

761

1187

1188

homocysteine/hyperhomocysteinemia in

10–11

341

1706–1707

hypertension and

440

hypertriglyceridemia and

1252

metabolic syndrome (syndrome X/CHAOS) and

339

347

multislice CT in evaluation of

317

myocardial hibernation and stunning and

342–343

pathophysiology of

atherosclerosis and

340

myocardial ischemia/acute coronary syndromes and

342

in pregnancy

417

preoperative evaluation/management of patient with

36

36

37

37–39

37

38

39

415

prevention of

5–12

340–342

antihypertensive therapy and

11–12

aspirin in

341

exercise/activity in

12

341

P.1778

hyperhomocysteinemia prevention and

10–11

341

1707

lipid disorder prevention/management and

8–10

339–340

341

cholesterol screening and

1244–1247

1245–1246

in women and elderly

1246

1247

smoking cessation and

5–8

6–7

8

9

10

11

339

revascularization procedures for

349–352

risk factors for

339–340

lipoproteins/lipid fractions and

339

1240–1241

1241–1242

smoking and

5

339

sudden death and

356

380

in athletes

418

Coronary stents See Stents/stent grafts (“covered stents”), intracoronary

Coronary vasospasm

347

Coronaviruses

diarrhea caused by

1299

SARS caused by

1385

Corpus luteum cysts

744

in pregnancy

783

Corrigan's pulse

335

Corrosive agents See Caustic/corrosive agents

Corti, organ of, hearing loss caused by disorders of

180

Cortical blindness, occipital lobe lesions causing

1001

Corticosteroids

1192–1193

acne/folliculitis caused by

115

118

adverse effects of

1193

ocular

178

for alcoholic liver disease

665

for allergic disorders

789–790

789

contact dermatitis

114–115

rhinitis

197–198

789–790

789

for anaphylaxis

792

for asthma

231

232

235

236

237

exacerbation management and

235

236

237

for Bell's palsy

1030

in cancer chemotherapy

1674

clinical use of

1192–1193

1193

for COPD

241

242

Cushing's syndrome caused by

1167

in erythema multiforme major

123

for fetal lung maturity

772

775

784

for gout

812

for gram-negative bacteremia and sepsis

1424

in HIV infection/AIDS

1334

for hypopituitarism

1106

immunosuppressive action of

803

infection in patient taking

1289

for inflammatory bowel disease

621

Crohn's disease

625

ulcerative colitis

629

intra-articular, for osteoarthritis

810

lipid abnormalities associated with use of

1244

management of patient receiving

1193

1193

for multiple sclerosis

1015

for myasthenia gravis

1034

for nausea and vomiting

540

540

ophthalmic

174–175

for ophthalmic disorders, precautions for use of

177

osteoporosis/osteoporosis prevention and

625

1193

in pain management

80

perioperative administration of

46

for polyarteritis nodosa

845

for polymyositis/dermatomyositis

841

for psoriasis

98–99

relative potencies of

1192

1193

for rheumatic fever

406

for rheumatoid arthritis

832

rosacea exacerbated by

91

118

for spinal trauma

1021

surgery in patient receiving, glucocorticoid replacement and

46

for systemic lupus erythematosus

836

837

924

topical

86

87–88

intranasal

197–198

789–790

ophthalmic

174–175

overuse of

91

systemic absorption of

86

Cortinarius orellanus mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

1630

Cortisol

1163

1192

excess of

1167–1170

insufficiency of

1105

acute (adrenal crisis)

1163–1164

chronic

1164–1167

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327

salivary

1168

serum levels of

in acute adrenal insufficiency

1163

in Addison's disease

1166

in Cushing's syndrome

1168

laboratory reference range for

1737

urine free

in Cushing's syndrome

1168

in hyperaldosteronism

1173

laboratory reference range for

1737

Cortisone

1192

Corynebacterium

diphtheriae

1413

1553

jeikeium

1553

Cosopt See Dorzolamide/timolol

Cosyntropin test

in adrenal insufficiency/Addison's disease

1105

1163

1166

in hirsutism/virilization

1171

Cotton wool spots

in HIV infection/AIDS

1325

in retinal artery occlusion

166

in retinal vein occlusion

165

Cough

20–22

219–220

ACE inhibitors causing

219

433

in anaerobic pneumonia/lung abscess

255

in asthma

22

219

227

in Bordetella pertussis infection (whooping cough)

1420

in cardiac failure

388

in COPD

21

238

drugs causing

219

298

in gastroesophageal reflux disease

21

22

219

566

headache associated with

974

977

in lung cancer

21

267

postnasal drip causing

21

22

219

in pulmonary embolism

282

in tuberculosis

257

Counterpulsation

extracorporeal, for angina

349

intra-aortic See Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation

Counting fingers (visual acuity)

151

Courvoisier's law/sign

649

693

700

Covera See Verapamil

Cowden's syndrome/disease

636

1123

COX-1/COX-2, aspirin/NSAIDs affecting

74

587

830

cancer prevention and

1650

1700

COX-2 inhibitors

74

587

830

in cancer prevention

1650

1700

cardiovascular complications associated with

74

587

591

830–831

in elderly

65

for familial adenomatous polyposis

635

for gout

812

lithium interactions and

1077

in pain management

74

peptic ulcers/peptic ulcer prevention and

587

591

830

for rheumatoid arthritis

830

Coxiella burnetii

1392

1397–1398

Coxsackievirus infections

1389–1390

herpetic stomatitis differentiated from

204

myocarditis

398

1390

pericarditis

407

1390

Cozaar See Losartan

CPAP See Continuous positive airway pressure

CPHD See Combined pituitary hormone deficiency

CPPD See Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease

CPPS See Chronic pelvic pain syndrome

CPR See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Cr See Creatinine

“Crab yaws”

1453

Crabs (pubic lice)

135

Crack cocaine See also Cocaine abuse

pulmonary disorders associated with use of

298

Crackles (rales)

221

in heart disease

314–315

myocardial infarction

356

in pulmonary embolism

282

397

CRAG test, in cryptococcal meningitis

1324

Cramps See Dysmenorrhea; Muscle cramps

Cranial arteritis See Giant cell (temporal/cranial) arteritis

Cranial nerve VIII (acoustic nerve) See Eighth nerve lesions

Cranial nerve palsies See also specific type

in head injury

1020

intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

in malignant external otitis

182

ocular motor palsies and

170

in Paget's disease of bone

1162

in sarcoidosis

1026

stroke causing

993

Craniopharyngioma

999

1000

1106

“Crank”

1618

Crawford classification, of thoracoabdominal aneurysms

449

Creatine kinase

in electrical burns

1597

laboratory reference range for

1737

in muscular dystrophy

1035

in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

841

in rhabdomyolysis

903

hypophosphatemia and

882

Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)

in infectious myocarditis

399

laboratory reference range for

1737

in myocardial infarction

356

Creatinine

serum levels of

in acute renal failure

900

P.1779

in chronic renal failure

908

909

conditions affecting

898

in hepatorenal syndrome

671

laboratory reference range for

1737

urinary

in hyperaldosteronism

1173

in pheochromocytoma

1175

ratio of to urinary protein

897

Creatinine:blood urea nitrogen ratio

898–899

in acute renal failure

901

902

Creatinine clearance

898

glomerular filtration rate measurement and

898

898

in hepatorenal syndrome

671

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1737

Creeping eruption (cutaneous larva migrans)

1519

CREST syndrome

838

839

autoantibodies in

799

836

839

Crestor See Rosuvastatin

Cretinism

1103

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

1092

1374–1375

myoclonus in

1012

1374

parkinsonism in

1008

Cricothyrotomy

213

foreign body and

214

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

649

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

1376

Critical illness

neuropathy associated with

1026

psychosis associated with

1095

stress gastritis associated with

583

Crixivan See Indinavir

CroFab, for snake bites

1636

Crohn's disease

622–627

arthritis in

855

cholelithiasis/gallstones and

684

colorectal cancer and

624

638

diarrhea in

549

622

625

drug therapy for

625–626

small intestinal carcinoma and

610

social support for patient with

622

Crolom See Cromolyn

Cromolyn

for allergic disorders

789

790

ophthalmic

175

for asthma

231

232

Cross-dressing

1052

Cross-matching, for transfusions

533

Crossed straight leg sign

818

Crotalid antivenin (CroFab)

1636

CRP See C-reactive protein

CRT See Conformal radiation therapy

Crush injuries

complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) and

466–467

fasciotomy in

1597

rhabdomyolysis/renal failure and

843

903

Cryoglobulins/cryoglobulinemia

850

919

cold urticaria and

1589

glomerulonephritis and

850

916

919

in hepatitis C

655

850

924

laboratory reference range for

1737

neuropathy associated with

1025

vasculitis caused by

850

Cryoprecipitate

535

Cryotherapy/cryosurgery See also Liquid nitrogen

for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cervical cancer

735

for condylomata acuminata

128

733

hypopigmentation and

143

for prostate cancer

965

1658

for wart removal

128

Cryptococcomas

1543

Cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcosis)

1542–1544

in HIV infection/AIDS

1003

1324

1335

1543

prophylaxis of

1347

1543

meningitis caused by

1003

1324

1335

1543

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia)

276–278

277–278

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP/idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia/BOOP)

246–247

276–278

278

Cryptorchism

1101–1102

testicular cancer and

971

1102

Cryptosporidium hominis/parvum (cryptosporidiosis)

545

546

550

1299

1300

1326–1327

1475

1476

1476–1477

1478

Crystal deposition arthritis

810–814

“Crystal meth”

1618

Crystalloids, for fluid management/volume replacement

in burn injuries

1597

hypotension in poisoning/drug overdose and

1609

in shock

479

Crystals, in urine

935

CSF-VDRL test

1446

in HIV infection/AIDS

1332

CSII See Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

CT scans See Computed tomography

CTCL See Cutaneous T cell lymphoma

CTLA4-Ig, for rheumatoid arthritis

832

Cubicin See Daptomycin

Cubital tunnel, ulnar nerve lesions and

1028–1029

Cuirass (negative-pressure) ventilation, intermittent, for COPD

242

Culdocentesis

in ectopic pregnancy

770

in pelvic inflammatory disease

742

Culex mosquitoes See Mosquitoes

Cultural issues, in end-of-life care

71

autopsy and organ donation and

85

Cunninghamella infection (mucormycosis)

1545

rhinocerebral

197

Cup-disk ratio, in chronic glaucoma

160

Cupping, optic disk, in chronic glaucoma

160

Cupulolithiasis, vertigo associated with

191

Curettage See D&C; Endocervical curettage; Endometrial biopsy

Curettage and electrodesiccation, for basal cell carcinoma

130

Curvularia, phaeohyphomycosis caused by

1550

Cushing's disease

1167

1168

1191

Cushing's syndrome

1167–1170

amenorrhea in

1183

1185

cancer-related

1696

hypertension and

423

1169

1171

lipid abnormalities associated with

1244

mental status changes in

1103

1168

1169

obesity in

1099

1167

1268

Cutaneous anthrax

1411

1412

1413

Cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption)

1519

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

1480

1481

1484–1485

diffuse

1481

1484

New World

1480

1484–1485

Old World

1480

1484

post-kala azar

1483

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus, chronic

104–105

Cutaneous strongyloidiasis

1530

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

105–106

1663

exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma and

106

107

Cutaneous tests See specific type and Skin tests c-v wave, 314

CVP See Central venous pressure

CVP regimen, for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

513

CWD See Chronic wasting disease

CXCR4, in HIV infection/AIDS

1320

Cyanide antidote package

1623

1623

Cyanide poisoning

1611

1623

dyspnea in

22

23

smoke inhalation and

293

Cyanocobalamin See Vitamin B₁₂

Cyanosis

digital, in acrocyanosis

466

in heart disease

314

in pulmonary disorders

222

in pulmonary embolism

282

Cyberknife radiosurgery

1659

Cycling, in bipolar disease See Rapid cyclers

Cyclitis

162

Cyclocort See Amcinonide

Cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1/COX-2), aspirin/NSAIDs affecting

74

587

830

cancer prevention and

1650

1700

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors See COX-2 inhibitors

Cyclophosphamide

1672

for aplastic anemia

498

for breast cancer

723

CYP polymorphisms affecting

1661

breast feeding and

786

hemorrhagic cystitis caused by

1683

mesna for amelioration of

1677

1683

immunosuppressive action of

803

for microscopic polyangiitis

849–850

secondary malignancies and

1645

for Wegener's granulomatosis

848–849

Cycloserine

nutrients affected by

1260

for tuberculosis

1575

Cyclospora cayetanensis (cyclosporiasis)

545

546

549

550

1300

1475

1476

1477

1478

Cyclosporine