Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)

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Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

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E

E-cadherin, in lung cancer

1641

E coli See Escherichia coli

EACA See e-Aminocaproic acid

Ear

180–194

See also Hearing; Hearing loss

barotrauma affecting

184

cauliflower

181

external

181

in HIV infection/AIDS

194

inner

187–193

middle

184–187

infection of See Otitis, media

neoplasia of

187

trauma to

187

painful See Earache

Ear canal

181–183

bony overgrowths (exostoses/osteomas) of

183

foreign body in

182

neoplasia of

183

pruritus of

182

Ear drops

for external otitis

182

ototoxic, avoidance of with perforated tympanic membrane

188

EAR (estimated average requirement)

1253

Earache (otalgia)

187

in acute otitis media

185

187

in barotrauma

184

in external otitis

182

187

in malignant external otitis

182

187

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale, evaluation of cancer treatment response and

1688

Eastern (equine) encephalitis

1371–1373

Eating disorders

1270–1272

Eaton-Lambert syndrome See Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome

EBCT See Electron beam CT

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

1376

Ebstein's anomaly

337

EBV See Epstein-Barr virus

EC regimen, for breast cancer

719

Ecchymosis, of eye (black eye)

171

in nasal trauma

199

ECF See Extracellular fluid

ECG See Electrocardiogram

Echinacea angustifolia/pallida/purpurea

1712

1716

Echinocandins

1550

1585

Echinococcus (echinococcosis)

1513–1515

granulosus

1513

multilocularis

1513

1515

oligarthrus

1513

vogeli

1513

Echocardiography

316–317

in angina

345–346

in cardiac failure

390

in cardiomyopathy

401

401

403

in endocarditis

1416

in hypertension

426

in infectious myocarditis

399

in myocardial infarction

356

in pulmonary hypertension

291

411

stress/dobutamine stress

316–317

in cardiac failure

390

transesophageal See Transesophageal echocardiography

in valvular heart disease

325

327–328

Echolalia

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

in Tourette's syndrome

1013

Echopraxia, in Tourette's syndrome

1013

Echovirus infections

1390

pericarditis

407

1390

Eclampsia

771

773

See also Preeclampsia-eclampsia

ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) scale, evaluation of cancer treatment response and

1688

Econazole

89

ECP See Extracorporeal counterpulsation

“Ecstasy”

1090

1618

“herbal” (ephedrine)

1618

1711

hyponatremia caused by

869

ECT See Electroconvulsive therapy

Ectasias, vascular See Vascular ectasias

Ecthyma

113

contagiosa (orf)

1388

gangrenosum

141

Ectopia lentis

in homocystinuria

1706

in Marfan's syndrome

1708

Ectopic pregnancy

769–771

hCG levels in

763

770

IUDs and

755

Ectropion

155

Eczema

94–97

drugs causing

147

herpeticum

96

108

1351

1355

P.1788

vaccinatum

96

111

1313

vesiculobullous hand (pompholyx/dyshidrosis/dyshidrotic eczema)

111–112

Edecrin See Ethacrynic acid

Edema

in anthrax

1411

arm, in breast cancer/postmastectomy

477

710

725

in cardiac failure

386

389

in cirrhosis

670–671

in glomerulonephritis

906

915

in heart disease

315–316

lower extremity

24–26

25

See also Lower extremity edema

malabsorption and

600

in nephritic syndrome

915

in nephrotic syndrome

919

921

optic disk

169

in optic neuritis

169

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

771

refeeding

1266

in venous insufficiency

24–26

25

473

leg ulcers and

141

474

Edema toxin, anthrax

1411

Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA), for lead poisoning

1627

Edrophonium, for myasthenia diagnosis

1034

EDTA See Edetate calcium disodium

EDTRS (logMar) chart, for visual acuity testing

151

Efaproxiral (RSR13)

1659

Efavirenz

1338

1342

1343

See also Antiretroviral therapy

fetal anomalies caused by

776

resistance to

1345

Effective circulating volume

865

Effexor See Venlafaxine

Effort thrombosis

468

Effusions See Malignant effusions; Pericardial effusions; Pleural effusions

Eflornithine, for African trypanosomiasis

1464–1465

1465

Egb761 (ginkgo extract)

1712

1715

EGFR See Epidermal growth factor receptor

EHEC See Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, aortic disorders/aneurysm in

414

449

pregnancy and

417

Ehrlichia (ehrlichiosis)

1355

1392

1396–1397

canis

1392

1397

chaffeensis

1392

1397

ewingii

1392

1397

Lyme disease coinfection and

1397

1462

EIC See Epidermal inclusion cysts

EIEC See Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive

Eighth nerve lesions (vestibular schwannoma/acoustic neuroma/neurinoma)

193–194

1000

hearing loss in

180

193

1000

in neurofibromatosis

1006

Eikenella corrodens, endocarditis caused by

1415

Eisenmenger's physiology

321

324

EITB See Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay

Ejaculate

blood in (hematospermia)

932

for semen analysis See Semen analysis

Ejaculation disturbances

951

See also Erectile dysfunction

in infertility

954

Ejaculatory ducts, obstruction of, in infertility

954

Ejection murmurs

315

See also Heart murmurs

Ejection sounds

315

Elapid (coral snake) envenomation

1635–1636

Elastic compression stockings See Compression stockings

Elavil See Amitriptyline

Elbow

tennis or golf

824

ulnar nerve lesions at

1028

Elder abuse

17

51

54

54

1094

Elderly patients

49–66

See also specific disorder

abuse and

17

51

54

54

1094

advance directives and

70

approach to

49–55

50

51

assessment of

50–54

53

54

benzodiazepine use in

1044

caregiver issues and

54

cholesterol screening in

1245–1246

1247

depressed

58–59

1094

disease presentation in

49

drug use (pharmacotherapy/polypharmacy) and

49

64–66

1094

cognitive disorders and

1095

falls and

61

1094

urinary incontinence and

62

exercise/activity for

54

falls and

16

60–62

61

anticoagulation and

65

screening for

51

52

53

frail, common problems in

55–66

functional assessment of

50–52

51

gynecomastia in

1100

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in

403

immobility and

59–60

immunizations for

55

insomnia in

1079

mineralocorticoid-responsive hyponatremia in

869

PPD testing in congregate living and

55

preventive care and

54–55

principles of management of

49

psychiatric disorders in

1094–1095

psychosis in (late life psychosis)

1057

1094

1095

renal disorders in

930

suicide risk and

1094

weight loss in

28

64

Electric burns

1596

1597

1599

fasciotomy in

1597

Electric shock

1599

Electrical alternans, in pericardial effusion

409

Electrical cardioversion See Cardioversion, electrical

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

316

See also specific disorder

in acute renal failure

901

ambulatory monitoring of

in angina

346

in arrhythmia evaluation

367

seizures and

983

in angina

344

346

antidepressants affecting

1071

antipsychotic drugs affecting

1062

in arrhythmia evaluation

367

in calcium imbalances

878

879

in cardiac failure

389–390

in cardiomyopathy

401

401

403

404

in cor pulmonale

412

exercise, in angina

344–345

in hypertension

426

in hypothermia

1590

1590

in infectious myocarditis

399

lithium affecting

1076

in myocardial infarction

356

in pericardial effusion

409

in pericarditis

407

in pneumothorax

303

in potassium imbalances

873

876

in pregnancy

416

in pulmonary embolism

281

282

in pulmonary hypertension

291

411

signal-averaged, in arrhythmia evaluation

367–368

in syncope

385

in valvular heart disease

327

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

1068

1073–1074

for catatonia

1061

for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

1063

Electrodesiccation and curettage, for basal cell carcinoma

130

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

in epilepsy

982

absence (petit mal) seizures and

981

nonconvulsive status epilepticus and

986

solitary seizure and

985

in intracranial mass lesions

1002

isoelectric, in brain death determination

1019

in pseudoseizure identification

983

1048

in psychiatric disorders

1040

Electrolytes

865

866

See also specific type

disorders of concentration of

865–884

See also Fluid and electrolyte disorders

replacement guidelines for

894

895

requirements for in nutritional support

1282

Electromyography

in motor neuron disease

1022

in muscular dystrophy

1035

in myasthenia gravis

1034

Electron beam CT (EBCT), in angina

346

Electron beam radiation therapy

1660

Electronystagmography, in vertigo

190

192

Electrophoresis See Hemoglobin electrophoresis; Immunofixation electrophoresis; Serum protein electrophoresis

Electrophysiologic testing, in arrhythmia/syncope evaluation

368

Electrovaporization of prostate, transurethral, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

961

Elemental nutritional support

1282

Elephantiasis

in chromoblastomycosis

1547

in filariasis

1522

1524

Eleutherococcus senticosus

1717

Elidel See Pimecrolimus

ELISA See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Elocon See Mometasone

Elongation factor, diphtheria toxin affecting

1414

Emadine See Emedastine

Embolectomy

461

pulmonary

289

Embolism See also Thromboembolism

air/gas, underwater diving/air travel and

1603

arterial See Arterial embolism

in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale

321

pulmonary See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism

in transient ischemic attacks

988

990

Embolization

for gastrointestinal bleeding

554

556

for intracranial aneurysm

996

997

for intracranial arteriovenous malformations

998

Embryo, radiation exposure affecting

765

1600

1601

Embryonal cell carcinoma, of testis

971

Emedastine, for ophthalmic disease

176

P.1789

Emergencies See Hypertensive emergencies; Oncologic emergencies

Emergency/postcoital contraception

757

IUD for

755

757

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

1036

Emesis See also Nausea and vomiting

for poisoning/drug overdose

1611

Emetine

adverse effects of

1472

for amebiasis

1470

1471

1472

Emission, loss of

951

Emmetropia

153

Emollients

86–91

90

Emotive imagery, for anxiety disorders

1047

Emphysema

238

239

See also Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

α1-antiprotease deficiency in

240

replacement therapy and

242

bullectomy for

243

imaging findings in

239

management of

242

pulmonary function tests in

239

subcutaneous

304

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

939

Empyema

anaerobes causing

1434

group A streptococci causing

1402

middle ear

185

See also Otitis, media

pleural

300

301

in pneumonia

255

302

in pneumococcal pneumonia

1403

Emtricitabine

1337

1340

1342

1343

See also Antiretroviral therapy

resistance to

1344

1344

with tenofovir

1340

1343

Emtriva See Emtricitabine

Enalapril, for hypertension

434

Enalaprilat, for hypertensive urgencies/emergencies

443

445

Enbrel See Etanercept

Encainide

368

Encephalitis

1294

See also Meningoencephalitis

acanthamoeba

1295

1473

arbovirus

1371–1373

cysticercotic

1510

1512

cytomegalovirus

1361

enterovirus 71 causing

1390–1391

herpes simplex

1351

1354

in Lyme disease

1458

measles

1363

mumps

1365

paraneoplastic

1695–1698

parkinsonism after

1007

rabies

1369–1371

after smallpox vaccination

1313

tick-borne

1371

1379–1380

West Nile

1371–1373

yellow fever vaccine-associated

1315

Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis

1475

1476

1477

1478

Encephalopathy

acute high-altitude

1605

alcohol use/abuse and (chronic alcoholic brain syndromes)

1084

1086

bovine spongiform (mad cow disease)

1374–1375

in cancer

1004

1005

coma or stupor caused by

1019

hepatic See Hepatic encephalopathy

hypertensive

425

442

hyponatremic

870

lead

1626

1627

gasoline sniffing and

1090

lithium causing

1076

in Lyme disease

1459

metabolic See Metabolic encephalopathy

in Reye's syndrome See Reye's disease/syndrome

in rubella

1369

spongiform, bovine (mad cow disease)

1374–1375

trypanosomiasis treatment and

1464

uremic

910

Wernicke's

1017

1084

1092

1103

1273

Enchondromas

862

End of life

care of family and

68–69

68

diagnosis of

67

K bler-Ross' stages of

82–83

patient expectations about

67–68

provision of care during

67–85

advance directives about

70

communicating with patient and

68

68

cultural issues in

71

DNAR orders and

70

70

ethical and legal issues in

69

in hospice/palliative care program

71

limits of

69

nutrition/hydration needs and

82

patient's wishes regarding

67–68

70

psychologic/social/spiritual issues and

82–84

83

84

setting and structure of

69–71

symptom management and

71–81

withdrawal/withholding curative efforts and

69

82

83

role of clinician at

68

68

limitations and

69

tasks after death and

84–85

End organ hypoperfusion, in shock/impending shock

478

Endarterectomy

carotid See Carotid endarterectomy/thromboendarterectomy

for lower extremity occlusive disease

455

Endemic flea-borne (murine) typhus

1392

1393–1394

Endemic goiter

1130–1131

Endemic syphilis

1454

Endocarditis

infective

1414–1420

1416

1417

1418

1555

anaerobic

1435

anticoagulation during

1419

antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis and

1416

1416

1417

during pregnancy

417

778

rheumatic heart disease and

406

1415

aortic regurgitation and

335

in bartonellosis

1434

candidal

1537

Chlamydia psittaci causing

1441

coxiella causing

1397

1398

in drug user

1298

1415

1419

1555

enterococcal

1403

1415

1418–1419

fever/FUO in

1287

fungal

1415

gonococcal

1432

HACEK organisms causing

1415

1419

in mitral valve prolapse

331

in patent ductus arteriosus

324

pneumococcal

1403

1404

prosthetic valve

1415

1419

in Q fever

1397

1398

staphylococcal

1415

1416

1419

coagulase-negative organisms causing

1408

1415

1419

streptococcal

1402

1415

1418

viridans streptococci causing

1402

1415

1417–1418

surgical management of

1419

tricuspid regurgitation and

337

in ventricular septal defect

322

Libman-Sacks, in systemic lupus erythematosus

834–835

valve replacement for

338

1419

Endocervical curettage

729

in abnormal premenopausal bleeding

728

in cervical cancer

736

in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

in endometrial carcinoma

738

Endocrine system See also specific gland

disorders of

1098–1193

See also specific disorder

cancer-related

1696

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by

1091

common presentations in

1098–1103

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327

preoperative evaluation/management of patient with

44–46

45

in renal failure

911

radiation affecting

1600

Endocrine therapy See Hormone therapy

Endogenous unipolar disorder

1066

See also Depression

Endoleaks, after abdominal aneurysm repair

448

Endolymphatic hydrops (Meniere's syndrome)

191

autoimmune hearing loss and

189

management of

192

193

Endometrial biopsy

729

in abnormal premenopausal bleeding

728

in endometrial carcinoma

738

in infertility workup

749

in postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

730

Endometrial carcinoma/cancer of uterus

738–739

1664

breast cancer risk and

706

706

estrogen replacement therapy and

738

1187

hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and

636

637

1643

incidence/risk/mortality of

738

1640

oral contraceptive use and

753

persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome) and

746

Endometrial curettage See Endometrial biopsy

Endometrial hyperplasia, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding caused by

730

Endometrioid carcinoma, ovarian

745

Endometriosis

740–741

infertility and

749

painful intercourse and

740

747

748

Endometriotic ovarian cysts

744

Endometritis

741–743

See also Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/pelvic infection

amenorrhea and

1184

postpartum, streptococcal

780

Endomyocardial biopsy, in infectious myocarditis

399–400

Endomyocardial fibrosis

404

Endomysial antibodies, in celiac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis

113

602

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

in choledocholithiasis/cholangitis

689

690

in liver disease/jaundice

652

during pregnancy

782

Endoscopic ultrasonography

in gastric adenocarcinoma

597

in gastric lymphoma

599

P.1790

in gastric mesenchymal tumors

599–600

in liver disease/jaundice

652

in lung cancer

268

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma

595

1178

Endoscopy

in achalasia

580

in anisakiasis

1516

in celiac disease

602–603

in diarrhea

550–551

in dyspepsia

537

in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis/gastropathy

582

in esophageal disorders

564

Barrett's esophagus

567

bleeding varices

574

prevention of first bleeding episode and

576

rebleeding prevention and

575

cancer

577

gastroesophageal reflux disease

566

treatment and

569

motility disorders

581

stricture

567

in gastric carcinoma

597

in gastric lymphoma

599

in gastric outlet obstruction

594

in Helicobacter pylori detection/assessment

584

in Mallory-Weiss syndrome

572

in occult gastrointestinal bleeding

558

in peptic ulcer disease

587–588

bleeding management and

593

in pernicious anemia gastritis

585

in ulcerative colitis

628

in upper gastrointestinal bleeding

553

in peptic ulcer disease

593

in Whipple's disease

604

Endostatin

1699

Endothelial growth factor, vascular See Vascular endothelial growth factor

Endotracheal aspiration cultures, in pneumonia

254

Endotracheal intubation See Intubation

Endovaginal ultrasound See Ultrasonography

Endovascular surgery/prostheses See also Stents/stent grafts

for abdominal aortic aneurysm

447–448

for intracranial aneurysm

996

997

for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

for renal artery stenosis

460

914

for thoracic aortic aneurysm

449

for visceral aneurysms

450

451

Endrin, poisoning caused by

1622

Endurance exercise, hyponatremia after

869

Enemas

barium See Barium enema

for constipation

543

Energy expenditure

1253

1258

1282–1283

Energy medicine

1709

Energy requirements

1253

1258

deficiency and (protein-energy malnutrition)

1264–1267

in nutritional support

1281–1282

Enfuvirtide (peptide T-20)

1338

1342

See also Antiretroviral therapy

Engerix B See Hepatitis B vaccine

Enoxaparin

for acute coronary syndromes

352

for deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism

in prevention

287

in treatment

288

472

after tenecteplase therapy for myocardial infarction

359

Entacapone, for parkinsonism

1009–1010

with levodopa and carbidopa

1009

1010

Entamoeba See also Amebiasis

dispar

1467

1469

1470

histolytica

549

550

1299

1301

1467

1469

1470

moshkovskii

1469

Enteral nutritional support (tube feedings)

1280–1281

See also Nutritional support

in burn injury

1598

complications of

1283

for Crohn's disease

624

for elderly

64

patient monitoring during

1285

solutions for

1282–1283

1283

for terminally ill/dying patient

82

Enteric (typhoid) fever

1425–1426

immunization against

1314

1425–1426

Enteric infection, irritable bowel syndrome caused by

615–616

Enteritis See also Gastroenteritis

eosinophilic, dog hookworm causing

1526

Enterobacter infections

1552

pneumonia caused by

253

254

Enterobius gregorii/vermicularis (enterobiasis/pinworm infection)

1521–1522

Enterocele

741

Enteroclysis, small bowel, in occult gastrointestinal bleeding

558

Enterococcus faecalis/faecium (enterococcal infection)

1402–1403

1552

endocarditis

1403

1415

1418–1419

Enterocolitis See also Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis

in HIV infection/AIDS

545

546

549

1326–1327

salmonella

545

1300

1301

1303

1426

Enterocytozoon

bieneusi

1475

1477

1478

cuniculi

1477

hellem

1477

Enterolithotomy, for gallstone ileus

685

Enteropancreatic tumors, in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1191

Enteropathy

gluten (celiac disease/sprue) See Celiac disease

protein-losing

601

614–615

614

in measles

1363

Enteroscopy, in gastrointestinal bleeding

556

558

Enterostomies, tube

1280–1281

See also Enteral nutritional support

Enterovirus infections

1355

1389–1391

Enterovirus 70/enterovirus 71

1390–1391

Enterovirus 72 See Hepatitis A virus

Entocort See Budesonide

Entrapment/compression neuropathy

1023

1028

See also Neuropathies

common peroneal nerve

1029

femoral nerve

1029

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (meralgia paresthetica)

1029

median nerve (carpal tunnel syndrome)

821–822

pronator teres or anterior interosseous nerve

1028

radial nerve (Saturday night palsy)

1029

in rheumatoid arthritis

828

1026

sciatic nerve

1029

tibial nerve (tarsal tunnel syndrome)

1029

ulnar nerve (cubital tunnel syndrome)

1028–1029

Entrapment syndrome, popliteal

455–456

Entropion

155

in trachoma

156

Entry inhibitors (peptide T-20/enfuvirtide), for HIV infection/AIDS

1338

1342

See also Antiretroviral therapy

Enuresis

1081

in diabetes insipidus

1108

in diabetes mellitus

1198

Environmental carcinogens, in cancer etiology

1644

Environmental lung disorders

293–299

See also specific disorder

Environmental tobacco smoke See Passive smoking

Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay, in cysticercosis

1511

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

800

See also specific disorder

in HIV infection/AIDS

1330

in Lyme disease

1459

Eosinophil count, laboratory reference range for

1737

Eosinophilia

in ascariasis

1518

cancer-related

1697

in hookworm disease

1525

in loiasis

1527

in pulmonary disorders See Eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes

in strongyloidiasis

1530

in toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans)

1534

in trichinosis

1532

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome

839

Eosinophilic enteritis, dog hookworm causing

1526

Eosinophilic esophagitis

572–573

Eosinophilic fasciitis

839

Eosinophilic folliculitis

119

in HIV infection/AIDS

119

Eosinophilic gastritis

585

Eosinophilic ileocolitis, angiostrongylus causing

1517

Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, angiostrongylus causing

1516–1517

Eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes

280

ascariasis causing

280

1518

filariasis causing

280

1522–1523

Eosinophiluria

896

Ependymoma

1000

1003

Ephedra (Ma-huang)

1712

1718

safety/toxicity of

1711

1718

Ephedrine, abuse of (“herbal ecstasy”)

1618

1711

Ephelides (freckles)

93

143

Epicondylitis, lateral and medial

824

Epidemic encephalitis, enterovirus 71 causing

1390–1391

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

156

1386

Epidemic louse-borne typhus

1391–1393

1392

Epidemic pleurodynia (Bornholm disease)

1389

Epidermal growth factor receptor, blockade of, in cancer treatment

1667

1698

Epidermal inclusion cysts (EIC)

139

furuncles differentiated from

138

Epidermoid cyst, testicular

972

Epididymis

assessment of

933–934

torsion of

933–934

Epididymitis

933

939

942–943

1556

chlamydial

943

1556

in filariasis

1522

gonococcal

943

1431

1556

P.1791

Epidural abscess

back pain and

817

818

otitis media and

186

sinusitis and

196

vertebral osteomyelitis and

859

1406

Epidural hemorrhage

cerebral

1020

spinal

999

Epifrin See Epinephrine

Epigastric pain See Abdominal pain/tenderness; Dyspepsia

Epiglottitis (supraglottitis)

209

Haemophilus influenzae causing

1422

Epilepsia partialis continua

1013

Epilepsy

980–986

981

984–985

See also Seizures

drug therapy for

983–985

984–985

See also Anticonvulsant therapy

idiopathic/constitutional

980

myoclonus in

981

981

985

1012

1013

photosensitive

982

posttraumatic

980

pregnancy in patient with

780

surgical management of

985

vagal nerve stimulation in management of

985

Epileptic drop attacks (atonic seizures)

982

See also Seizures

Epinephrine

for anaphylaxis

792

deficiency of

1105

for desensitization reactions

1316

endoscopic injection of, for bleeding peptic ulcer

593

for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

in pheochromocytoma

1175

Epipodophyllotoxins, secondary malignancies associated with

1644–1645

Epirubicin

1675

toxicity of

1675

Episcleritis, inflammation patterns in

153

Epispadias

933

Epistaxis

199

cocaine abuse and

1089

juvenile angiofibroma and

200

in polycythemia

500

Epithelial cells/casts, in urine

896

935

Epithelioma, basal cell, of eyelid

154–155

Epivir See Lamivudine

Eplerenone

for hypertension

429

for myocardial infarction

360

EPO See Erythropoietin

Epoetin alfa See Erythropoietin

Epoprostenol, for pulmonary hypertension

292

411

Eprosartan

433

434

Epsom salts See Magnesium sulfate

Epstein-Barr virus

1358–1360

Burkitt's lymphoma and

1359

1644

mononucleosis caused by

1355

1358–1359

nasal/paranasal T cell lymphoma and

201

1359

1644

nasopharyngeal carcinoma and

201

1359

Eptifibatide, for acute coronary syndromes

352

353

Epzicom See Abacavir, with lamivudine

Equianalgesic dosing

74

77–78

Equine encephalitis

1371–1373

Equine rabies antiserum

1370

Erbitux See Cetuximab

Erb's (limb-girdle) muscular dystrophy

1035–1036

1036

ERCP See Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Erec-Aid System See Vacuum constriction device

Erectile dysfunction/impotence

950–954

1101

in diabetes mellitus

1101

1224

1224–1225

drugs causing

950

951

1101

1102

antidepressants

1070

1071

antipsychotics

1062

endocrine causes of

951

1101

hypogonadism and

1180

phosphodiesterase inhibitors/sildenafil for

454

952

1054

1070

1224

psychologic

1053

1054

vascular disease and

453

454

951

952

1101

Erections

loss of

950

See also Erectile dysfunction/impotence

prolonged painful See Priapism

Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)

1158

See also Vitamin D

for hypoparathyroidism/tetany

1149

1149

for osteomalacia

1160–1161

Ergoloid mesylates, for dementia

1093

Ergonovine

breast feeding and

786

for migraine prophylaxis

976

Ergosterol See Ergocalciferol

Ergot alkaloids/ergot derivatives, for parkinsonism

1009

Ergotamine, for migraine headache

975–976

breast feeding and

786

pregnancy and

976

Ergotoxine alkaloids, for dementia

1093

Erlotinib

1669–1670

1676

1699

Erosive esophagitis See Esophagitis

Erosive gastritis See Gastritis

Ertapenem

1569

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

Eructation (belching)

544

Eruptive psoriasis

97

See also Psoriasis

Eruptive xanthoma

1244

in diabetes mellitus

1198

1225

ERV (expiratory reserve volume)

223

Erysipelas

124

1401

1556

Erysipeloid

124

Erythemas

92

121–125

See also specific type

chemotherapy-induced

1683

in dermatomyositis

840

induratum

137

infectiosum (parvovirus B19)

1355

1387

infectious

124–125

marginatum, in rheumatic fever

405

migrans

123–124

1458

1461

See also Lyme disease

multiforme

120–123

drugs causing

122

123

herpes simplex infection and

122

1351

1354

major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

122–123

drugs causing

122

146

147

793

herpes simplex causing

1351

nodosum

137–138

drugs causing

147

leprosum

1440

palmar, in cirrhosis

669

pernio (chilblain)

1591

reactive

121–124

toxic, drugs causing

147

Erythrasma, tinea differentiated from

102

Erythroblastosis fetalis, prevention of

783

Erythrocyte count, laboratory reference range for

1737

1742

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, laboratory reference range for

1737

Erythrocytes See also under Red cell

in pleural fluid

301

in urine

896

897

935

See also Hematuria; Red cell casts

in glomerulonephritis

915

Erythrocytosis

cancer-related

970

1697

in obstructive sleep apnea

306

testosterone replacement therapy and

1182

Erythroderma, exfoliative

106–107

drugs causing

106

147

psoriatic

97

107

See also Psoriasis

Erythrogenic toxin

scarlet fever caused by

1402

toxic shock syndrome caused by

1402

Erythroleukemia

508

Erythromelalgia

466

532

cancer-associated

863

in essential thrombocytosis

502

Erythromycin

1569

for acne

88

116

for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment

1412

with benzoyl peroxide

88

116

cost of

1562

for ophthalmic disorders

175

resistance to

1569

for streptococcal pharyngitis

1401

for surgical site infection prophylaxis

47

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1558

topical, for acne

88

116

Erythroplakia

202–203

Erythropoiesis-stimulating protein (NESP/darbopoetin), for chemotherapy-induced toxicity

1678

1681

Erythropoietin (EPO), laboratory reference range for

1737

Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa)

for anemia of chronic disease

484

for anemia of renal failure

484

910

for chemotherapy-induced toxicity

1678

1681

for HIV infection/AIDS

1346

for myelodysplasia

507

Erythrotoxin, pyrogenic See Erythrogenic toxin

Escharotomy, in burn care

1597

Escherichia coli

1552

enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)

546

1427

enteroinvasive (EIEC)

1427

enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

545

1299

1301

1427

gastroenteritis/food poisoning caused by

545

1299

1300

1301

1302

1427

pneumonia caused by

248

253

urinary tract infection caused by

936

937

1552

1556

Escherichia coli O157:H7

545–546

546

1299

1427

diarrhea caused by

545–546

546

1299

1300

1427

antibiotics contraindicated in

548

1300

hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by

522

1300

1427

Escitalopram

1070

1072

Esclim See Estradiol transdermal systems

Esidrix See Hydrochlorothiazide

Esmolol

for arrhythmias

369

atrial fibrillation

376

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

373

for hypertensive urgencies/emergencies

443

445

P.1792

Esomeprazole

588

See also Proton pump inhibitors

Esophageal clearance, abnormal, in gastroesophageal reflux disease

565–566

Esophageal dilation

for achalasia

580

for esophageal webs and rings

572

for motility disorders

581

for stricture

567

571

Esophageal diverticula

573

Esophageal dysphagia

564

564

See also Dysphagia

Esophageal manometry

565

in achalasia

580

in motility disorders

581

Esophageal motility disorders

579–581

chest pain in

344

580

581–582

dysphagia in

564

564

580

581

Esophageal pH monitoring

565

in chronic aspiration of gastric contents

294

in gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux

210

565

566

Esophageal rings

572–573

Esophageal spasm, diffuse

581

dysphagia in

564

581

Esophageal sphincter, lower

achalasia and

580

chronic aspiration of gastric contents and

294

hypertensive

581

incompetent, in gastroesophageal reflux disease

565

Esophageal varices

573–576

in cirrhosis

573

574

669

670

gastrointestinal bleeding from

551–552

573–576

in noncirrhotic portal hypertension

680

prevention of first bleeding episode and

576

prevention of rebleeding from

575–576

Esophageal webs

572–573

iron deficiency anemia and (Plummer-Vinson syndrome)

482

572

Esophagectomy, for esophageal cancer

578

Esophagitis

bisphosphonates and

1157

1162

candidal

570

1536

in HIV infection/AIDS

1322

1326

1336

chest pain in

344

cytomegalovirus

570–571

1360

eosinophilic

572–573

erosive/reflux

565

566

See also Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Barrett's esophagus and

566–567

gastrointestinal bleeding and

552

proton pump inhibitors for

567

568

568–569

strictures and

567

herpetic

571

1351

1354

in HIV infection/AIDS

570–571

1322

1326

infectious

570–571

pill-induced

571

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, in cirrhosis

669

Esophagography, barium See Barium esophagography

Esophagus

Barrett's

566–567

esophageal carcinoma and

567

577

cancer of

577–579

578

1664

Barrett's esophagus and

567

577

dysphagia in

564

577

disorders of

563–582

See also under Esophageal and Esophagitis

benign

572–577

caustic injury

571–572

1617

1617–1618

chest pain in

344

580

581–582

evaluation of

563–565

564

gastroesophageal reflux disease

565–570

malignant

577–579

578

See also Esophagus, cancer of

motility and

579–581

radiation causing

1600

foreign body in

214

nutcracker

581

resection of, for cancer

578

rupture of

pleural effusion in

301

vomiting and (Boerhaave's syndrome)

538

in scleroderma

838

839

sigmoid

580

strictures of

caustic injury causing

571

1618

dysphagia in

564

567

peptic

567

tumors of

benign

573

malignant

577–579

578

See also Esophagus, cancer of

Espundia (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis)

1480–1481

1485–1486

Essential amino acids

1253–1257

Essential fatty acids See also Fatty acids

in nutritional support

1282

Essential hypertension

419–422

See also Hypertension

Essential thrombocytosis

500

502–503

1664

Essure, for tubal interruption

758

Estazolam

1045

Estimated average requirement (EAR)

1253

Estrace See Estrogen vaginal creams

Estraderm See Estradiol transdermal systems

Estradiol See also Ethinyl estradiol

serum levels of, in menopause

1185

Estradiol transdermal systems (skin patches)

1186

Estradiol vaginal ring

for atrophic urethritis/vaginitis

748

761

1186–1187

contraceptive

754

Estradiol vaginal tablets

1186

Estramustine

1672

Estratab See Estrogens, oral

Estratest See Estrogens, with methyltestosterone

Estring See Estradiol vaginal ring

Estrogen-progesterone therapy See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy

Estrogen receptor modulators, selective (SERMs) See Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy

761

1186–1189

See also Estrogens

androgen replacement and

1188–1189

for atrophic urethritis/vaginitis

748

761

1186–1187

benefits of

1187

breast cancer risk and

706

724

1187

1188

1645

colorectal cancer prevention and

638

endometrial carcinoma and

738

1187

for hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism

1154

lipid modification/heart disease prevention and

341

761

1187

1188

oral

1186

1187

for osteoporosis prevention/management

761

1156

ovarian cancer risk and

1187–1188

1188

1645

progestins in

1186

1187

1188

1645

risks of

761

1187–1188

1645

after surgical menopause

761–762

transdermal

1186

in Turner's syndrome

1189

vaginal

1186–1187

for vasomotor symptoms of menopause

761

1187

Estrogen vaginal creams

1186

Estrogens See also Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy

for abnormal premenopausal bleeding

729

adverse ocular effects of

178

breast feeding and

786

in fibrocystic breast condition

702

hypertension and

424

with methyltestosterone

1188–1189

oral

1186

in oral contraceptives

751

751–752

in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome)

746

with progestins

1186

1188

for prostate cancer

966

receptors for

antagonist of, in cancer chemotherapy

1673

in breast cancer

716–717

hormone therapy and

716–717

719

720

721–722

1670

in male

727

prognosis and

724

serum levels of, in menopause

1185

synthetic

1186

testicular tumors producing

1182

transdermal

1186

in utero exposure to, testicular cancer and

971

vaginal

748

761

1186–1187

Estrone, serum levels of

in menopause

1185

in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome)

746

Etanercept

805

See also Anti-TNF agents

for ankylosing spondylitis

853

for rheumatoid arthritis

831

ETEC See Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic

Ethacrynic acid

429

Ethambutol

260

adverse ocular effects of

179

for tuberculosis

260–261

260

261

in bone and joint disease

861

in pregnancy

262

781

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) See also Alcohol use/dependency/abuse

blood levels of

1615

1624

in acute intoxication/poisoning

1083–1084

1624

laboratory reference range for

1737

for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

1611

1628

Ethanol intoxication/poisoning

1083–1084

1615

1624–1625

See also Alcohol use/dependency/abuse

osmolar gap and

872

1614

1614

Ethical issues/principles

2

in end-of-life care

69

autopsy and organ donation and

85

Ethinyl estradiol See also Estradiol

for cancer chemotherapy

1673

for emergency contraception

757

in oral contraceptives

751–752

in transdermal contraceptive patch

754

in vaginal contraceptive ring

754

Ethionamide, for tuberculosis

1575

Ethmoiditis

195

P.1793

Ethnicity See Racial/ethnic background

Ethosuximide

985

breast feeding and

786

monitoring concentrations of

1733

for seizures

985

Ethyl alcohol See Alcohol use/dependency/abuse (alcoholism); Ethanol

Ethylene glycol poisoning

1611

1615

1628

anion gap/osmolar gap in

872

1614

1614

1628

hemodialysis for

1613

1628

Ethynodiol diacetate, in combination oral contraceptives

751

Etodolac

75

peptic ulcers and

587

Etonogestrel, in vaginal ring

754

Etoposide

1675

for lung cancer

271

secondary malignancies and

1645

Etretinate, adverse ocular effects of

179

Eucerin

90

Eumycetoma (maduromycosis)

1547

Euphoria, opioid-induced

79

EUS See Endoscopic ultrasonography

Eustachian tube See Auditory tube

Euvolemic hypernatremia

872

Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

867

868–870

Evans's syndrome

496

519

Evaporative cooling, for heat stroke

1594

Event recording, in arrhythmia evaluation

367

seizures and

983

1048

Everolimus

804

Evista See Raloxifene

Ewing's sarcoma

862

Exanthema subitum (roseola)

1355

1362

Exanthems

rickettsial

1355–1356

viral

1355–1356

1387–1389

Exchange lists, diabetic diet

1205

Exchange transfusion, for sickle cell crises

494

Excitement (arousal) stage of sexual activity

1052

disorders related to (paraphilias)

1052–1053

1053–1054

Exclamation hairs, in alopecia areata

144

Exelderm See Sulconazole

Exemestane

1670

1673

Exenatide, for diabetes mellitus

1212

Exercise/activity

angina precipitated by

343

asthma/bronchoconstriction precipitated by

227

long-acting beta-adrenergic agents for

231

mediator inhibitors for

231

short-acting beta-adrenergic agents for

234

in cardiac failure management

395

complications/risks of

12

for COPD

242

in diabetes prevention/management

12

1203

1216–1217

energy expenditure and

1253

1258

erythromelalgia precipitated by

466

in health maintenance

3

12–13

in elderly

54

heart disease prevention and

12

341

heart murmurs affected by

329

heat exposure syndromes and

1594

hypertension/hypertension management and

12

421

422

426

hyponatremia and

869

for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

in obesity management

1099

1268

for osteoarthritis

12

810

for osteoporosis prevention

1158

during pregnancy

765

reduced See Bed rest; Immobility

for rheumatoid arthritis

829

ventricular premature beats and

379

Exercise challenge testing, in asthma

227

Exercise-induced asthma

227

long-acting beta-adrenergic agents for

231

mediator inhibitors for

231

short-acting beta-adrenergic agents for

234

Exercise-induced hypoglycemia

1217

Exercise testing See also Stress testing

in asthma

227

cardiopulmonary

224–225

echocardiography

316–317

in angina

346

electrocardiography

316

in angina

344–345

postinfarction

365

preoperative

415

radionuclide angiography, in angina

345

Exertional dyspnea

218

312

Exertional heat stroke

1594

Exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma

106–107

drugs causing

106

147

psoriatic

97

107

See also Psoriasis

Exhibitionism

1052

Existential challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient

83–84

84

Exophiala, phaeohyphomycosis caused by

1550

Exophthalmos (proptosis)

152–153

in dysthyroid eye disease

170

1137

1141

Exostoses, ear canal

183

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

223

Exposure (cold) See Cold exposure

External ear

181

External hordeolum (sty)

154

External otitis

182

earache in

182

187

malignant (otogenic skull base osteomyelitis)

182–183

186

External qigong

1709

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

865

Extracorporeal blood rewarming, for hypothermia

1591

Extracorporeal counterpulsation, for angina

349

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

for renal stones

947

for ureteral stones

947

Extramammary Paget's disease

107–108

Extraocular movements See Eye movements

Extrapyramidal disorders/effects

antipsychotic drugs and

1063–1064

1633

dementia and

56

lithium and

1076

Extrasystoles (premature beats)

atrial (supraventricular)

372

in myocardial infarction

361

ventricular

379

in myocardial infarction

362

Extrauterine pregnancy See Ectopic pregnancy

Extremities

hypothermia of

1591

ischemic (limb ischemia)

461–462

in lower extremity occlusive disease

453

lower See under Lower extremity

traumatic injury to, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and

466–467

822

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

296–297

296

Exudates, pleural fluid

300

300

Eye

150–179

See also under Ocular; Optic; Visual

chemical burns involving

172

1611

1617

1618

decontamination of

172

1611

1617

1618

disorders of See also specific type and Visual impairment/loss

allergic

157

in Beh et's syndrome

162

851

blood dyscrasias and

168

in cysticercosis

1511

1512

diabetes and

167

1198

1198

1221

drugs (systemic) causing

178

178–179

dysthyroid (Graves' ophthalmopathy)

170

1135

1137

1140

1141

headache and

32

150

herpetic

158

1351

in HIV infection/AIDS

168

infections

gonococcal

156

1432

treatment of

172

inflammation

150

151

153

See also Conjunctivitis; Uveitis

drugs for management of

174–175

in loiasis

1526

management of

drugs/techniques in

172–177

173–176

See also Ocular medications

precautions in

177–178

referral to ophthalmologist and

153

in Marfan's syndrome

1708

in onchocerciasis

1527

1528

refractive errors

153–154

symptoms of

150–151

in syphilis

162

1444

1450

in systemic lupus erythematosus

834

in toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans)

1534–1535

traumatic

171–172

in vitamin A deficiency

1276

dry (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)

156–157

in Sj gren's syndrome

842

examination of

151–153

abbreviations and symbols used in

152

in diabetes patients

161

167

in elderly

51

52

in glaucoma prevention

161

foreign body in

conjunctival/corneal

150

171

intraocular

171

painful

150

See also Ocular pain

red

150

151

153

See also Conjunctivitis; Uveitis

drugs for management of

174–175

systemic drugs affecting

178

178–179

Eye bandages

177

Eye movements

152

in coma or stupor

1018

disorders of

in myasthenia gravis

1034

in ocular motor palsies

170

in locked-in-syndrome

1019

Eyedrops See also Ocular medications

instillation of

177

preservatives in, allergic/toxic reaction to

177

Eyelids

disorders of

154–155

ptosis and

153

lacerations of

171

retraction of

in dysthyroid eye disease

170

1137

proptosis differentiated from

153

seborrheic dermatitis affecting margins of

100

taping, for corneal protection

177

tumors of

154–155

Eyestrain

150

Ezetimibe, for lipid modification/heart disease prevention

1250

1251

P.1794

dF508 mutation, in cystic fibrosis

245

Related

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