Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)

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Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

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L

L-AmB See Liposomal amphotericin B

L (cell wall-deficient) forms, penicillin resistance and

1560

L/S ratio See Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio

La belle indiff rence

1048

La/SSB antibody

836

in Sj gren's syndrome

836

842–843

Labetalol, for hypertension

431

in pregnancy

416–417

urgencies/emergencies

442–445

443

Labor and delivery

for acute fatty liver of pregnancy

779

for cardiac patient

417

for diabetic patient

777

herpes simplex transmission during

1351

induction of, after 41 weeks

766

preeclampsia/eclampsia and

771

772

773

preterm (premature), prevention of

783–784

Laboratory reference ranges, for diagnostic/laboratory tests See also Diagnostic/laboratory tests

Laboratory tests See Diagnostic/laboratory tests

Labyrinthectomy, for vertigo

193

Labyrinthine concussion, vertigo caused by

191

Labyrinthitis

191

Lacerations

cerebral

1020

ocular

171–172

Lac-Hydrin

90

Lacrimal apparatus, disorders of

154–155

Lacrimal sac, infection of (dacryocystitis)

155

Lacrosse agent, California encephalitis caused by

1371

b-Lactam antibiotics See Beta-lactam antibiotics

b-Lactamases See Beta-lactamases

Lactase deficiency (lactose intolerance)

600

606–607

diarrhea caused by

549

606

flatus caused by

545

606

Lactase enzyme replacement

607

Lactate See Lactic acid

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

ascitic fluid

560

561

in hemolytic-uremic syndrome

490

522

laboratory reference range for

1739

in microangiopathic hemolysis

490

in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

513

in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491

in pneumocystis pneumonia

1322–1323

1541

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

772

in shock liver (ischemic hepatopathy)

680

in testicular cancer

972

in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

490

521

in vitamin B12 deficiency

488

Lactated Ringer's solution See Fluid management/hydration

Lactation/breast feeding

784–787

785–786

antidepressant use and

785

1070

breast abscess and

704

787

breast cancer and

716

782

drug/medication use/avoidance during

785–786

See also specific agent

HIV infection/AIDS transmission and

776

1333

iron needs during

482

IUD insertion and

755

mastitis and

787

nutrition requirements in

784–785

1254

1256

1257

oral contraceptive use and

753

oxytocin deficiency affecting

1110

progestin minipill and

753

prolactin in

1113

suppression of

785–787

tuberculosis treatment and

262

Lactic acid (lactate)

formation of

887

laboratory reference range (normal value) for

887

1740

in lactic acidosis

887

1233

Lactic acidosis

887

1228

1233

alcoholic ketoacidosis and

888

metformin causing

1210

1212

Lactose (milk) intolerance

600

606–607

diarrhea caused by

549

606

flatus caused by

545

606

Lactulose

for constipation

543

544

for hepatic encephalopathy

672

bleeding esophageal varices and

575

Lacunar infarction

456

991

992

See also Stroke

LADA See Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus of adulthood

Laennec's cirrhosis

668

Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome

1035

in cancer

268

1005

1035

1696

Lamin A/C gene, in familial partial lipodystrophy

1098

Laminectomy, decompressive

for cancer-related cord compression

1689

for spinal trauma

1021

Lamisil See Terbinafine

Lamivudine (3TC)

1337

1340

1342

1343

1352

1588

See also Antiretroviral therapy

with abacavir

1340

1343

for hepatitis B

660

1352

1588

resistance to

1344

1344

with zidovudine

1339

1343

postexposure

1333

with zidovudine and abacavir

1340

1343

Lamotrigine

984

for bipolar disease

1078

for seizures

983

984

Lange-Nielsen syndrome

381

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

1104

1107

Language

assessment of in mental status exam

1038

1039

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

stroke affecting

991

Lanreotide, for acromegaly/gigantism

1111–1112

Lansoprazole

588

See also Proton pump inhibitors

Lantus See Insulin glargine

LAP See Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

Laparoscopy

in ascites

560

in ectopic pregnancy

770

in gynecologic disorders

729

in infertility workup

749

in pelvic inflammatory disease

742

Lapatanib (GW572016)

1699

Lapdap (proguanil plus dapsone)

1488

Large cell carcinoma of lung

267

See also Lung cancer

Large-needle (core needle) biopsy, for breast lump evaluation

711–712

711

712

See also Breast, biopsy of

Large-volume paracentesis

for cirrhotic ascites

670–671

for peritoneal carcinomatosis

562

Larva currens, in strongyloidiasis

1530

Larva migrans

cutaneous

1519

visceral (toxocariasis)

1534–1535

Laryngeal height, obstructive airway disease diagnosis and

23

23

Laryngeal leukoplakia

210

Laryngeal nerve, recurrent

damage to during thyroid surgery

1126

1140

vocal cord paralysis caused by lesions of

213

Laryngeal papillomas

209–210

Laryngectomy, for squamous cell carcinoma of larynx

211–212

Laryngitis

210

Laryngopharyngeal reflux See also Gastroesophageal reflux disease

hoarseness and

210

566

Laryngospasm

antipsychotic drugs causing

1064

in drowning

1601

1602

in hypocalcemia

878

Larynx

209–213

tumors of

210–212

212

LASEK See Laser epithelial keratomileusis

Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK)

153

Laser-induced prostatectomy (TULIP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960–961

Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

153

Laser therapy

for acne scars

117

for age-related macular degeneration

165

for angina

351

for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960–961

for burn reconstruction

1598

for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cervical cancer

735

for condylomata acuminata

128–129

733

for coronary revascularization

351

for diabetic retinopathy

167

1221

for esophageal cancer palliation

578

for glaucoma

161

P.1821

for hair removal, in pseudofolliculitis

119

lifestyle changes in prevention of

1646

for lung cancer palliation

271

for refractive errors

153–154

for wart removal

128–129

Laser transmyocardial revascularization

351

LASIK See Laser in situ keratomileusis

Lasix See Furosemide

Lassa fever

1376

Latanoprost, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

Latanoprost/timolol, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

174

Late life psychosis

1057

1094

1095

Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus of adulthood (LADA)

1195

Latent deviation (phoria)

152

Lateral epicondylitis

824

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve lesions (meralgia paresthetica)

1029

Lateral sclerosis

amyotrophic See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

primary

1022

Latex agglutination (LA) antigen tests

800

Latex allergy

114

Latrodectus mactans

136

1636

Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome

1098

Lavage

bronchoalveolar See Bronchoalveolar lavage

gastric, for poisoning/drug overdose

1611–1612

Lavender top tubes

1743

Law of similars, in homeopathy

1729

Laxative abuse

1090

in bulimia nervosa

1271

diarrhea caused by

549

screening for

549

Laxatives

543–544

543

for irritable bowel syndrome

617

LCHAD deficiency, in acute fatty liver of pregnancy

779

780

LCIS See Lobular carcinoma in situ

LCM See Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

LCR assay See Ligase chain reaction (LCR) assay

LDCT See Low-dose helical computed tomography

LDL See Low-density lipoproteins

Lead, laboratory reference range for

1740

Lead encephalopathy

1626

1627

gasoline sniffing and

1090

Lead nephropathy

926

927

Lead poisoning

1611

1626–1627

gout and

812

926

ocular effects of

179

sideroblastic anemia caused by

486

tubulointerstitial disease caused by

926

927

Lecithin, in gallstones

684

Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, laboratory reference range for

1740

Leflunomide, for rheumatoid arthritis

803

804

832

Left heart catheterization

317–318

See also Cardiac catheterization

Left heart failure (left ventricular failure/dysfunction)

386

See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure

in hypertension

424–425

in myocardial infarction

362–363

preoperative evaluation/management of patient with

39–40

Left-to-right shunts See also Shunts

in atrial septal defect

321

in ventricular septal defect

322

Left ventricular aneurysm, myocardial infarction and

364

Left ventricular angiography

347

Left ventricular dysfunction See Left heart failure

Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, in dyspnea

23

24

Left ventricular hypertrophy

in cardiomyopathy

402

403

hypertensive

424–425

426

sudden death in athletes and

418

Leg See also under Lower extremity

appearance of

in varicose veins

469

in venous insufficiency

473–474

Leg cramps, nocturnal

1102

Leg pain See also Claudication

in pulmonary embolism

282

Leg ulcers, in venous insufficiency/varicose veins/lower extremity occlusive disease

141–142

453

469

474

Legal blindness

150

diabetic retinopathy and

167

1221

Legal issues

in end-of-life care

69

herbal medicine regulation and

1710

Legionella pneumophila

1423

1553

Legionnaire's disease (legionella pneumonia/legionellosis)

249

251

252

254

255

1423

1553

1556

Leiden mutation (factor V Leiden)

532

pulmonary embolism and

281

Leiomyomas

gastrointestinal See Stromal tumors

of uterus (fibroid tumor)

737–738

Leiomyosarcoma

gastrointestinal See Stromal tumors

of uterus

737

Leishman-Donovan bodies

1480

Leishmania (leishmaniasis)

1480–1486

aethiopica

1480

1481

1484

amazonensis

1480

1483

1484–1485

braziliensis

1481

1485

chagasi

1480

1483

1485

coinfections and

1481

cutaneous

1480

1481

1484–1485

diffuse

1481

1484

New World

1480

1484–1485

Old World

1480

1484

post-kala azar

1483

donovani

1480

1483

1484

guyanensis

1485

infantum

1480

1483

1484

major

1480

1484

mexicana

1480

1483

1484

mucocutaneous (espundia)

1480–1481

1485–1486

panamensis

1481

1484

1485

peruviana

1485

post-kala azar dermal

1483

recidivans

1484

tropica

1480

1483

1484

viannia group

1481

1485

visceral (kala azar)

1480

1482–1484

Leishmanin skin test

1481

1483

1485

Lemierre's syndrome

207

1435

Lenalidomide (CC-5013/revlimid)

1668

1699

for myelodysplasia

507

for myelofibrosis

504

for myeloma

516

Lens opacity See Cataract

Lente insulin

1212

1213

1214

1214

See also Insulin therapy

in mixtures

1215

Lentigines

93

143

in endocrine disorders

1100

solar (liver spots)

93

143

Lentigo maligna melanoma

94

Leprechaunism

1195

1197

Lepromatous leprosy

1439

1440

neuropathy associated with

1025

Leprosy

1439–1440

1553

drug resistance in

1576

neuropathy associated with

1025

1439

sulfones for

1576–1577

Leptin, in obesity

1098

1268

insulin action and

1196

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and

667

Leptomeningeal metastases (carcinomatous meningitis)

1001

1690

Leptospira autumnalis/canicola/icterohaemorrhagiae/interrogans/pomona (leptospirosis)

1455–1456

1554

Leriche's syndrome

453

1101

Lescol See Fluvastatin

Lethal midline granuloma

201

Lethal toxin/factor, anthrax

1411

Letrozole

721

1670

1673

Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue

with methotrexate

831

1677

1684

with pyrimethamine

1575

with trimetrexate

1575

Leukemias

acute

507–510

See also specific type

lymphoblastic/lymphocytic (ALL)

508

509

1663

megakaryoblastic

508

monoblastic

508

myeloblastic

508

myelogenous/myeloid

508

509

1663

myelomonocytic

508

1663

promyelocytic

508

undifferentiated

508

aleukemic

508

chromosomal abnormalities in

504

chronic

lymphocytic (CLL)

510–511

1641

1663

myelogenous/myeloid (CML)

500

504–506

1641

1663

myelomonocytic (CMML)

504

506

507

prolymphocytic

510

in Down's syndrome

1704

fever/FUO and

1287

hairy cell

511–512

1663

HPC transplants for

505–506

509

511

803

incidence/mortality of

1640

plasma cell

515

rheumatic manifestations of

863

secondary to chemotherapy or radiation therapy

508

1601

1644–1645

1660

Leukemic arthritis

863

Leukoagglutinin transfusion reactions

534

leukopoor blood in prevention of

533

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

laboratory reference range for

1740

in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491

Leukocyte casts

896

897

935

Leukocyte count See White blood cell count

Leukocyte esterase, in urine

935

Leukocytes

fecal, in diarrhea

547

550

pleural fluid

301

urinary

896

935

Leukocytosis

in antibiotic-associated (Clostridium difficile) colitis

619

in cellulitis

125

P.1822

lithium causing

1076

in lymphangitis/lymphadenitis

475

in toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans)

1534

Leukoderma

143

Leukoencephalitis, in Lyme disease

1459

Leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal (PML)

1324–1325

1375

Leukoerythroblastic blood, examination/morphology of

503

Leukoplakia

laryngeal

210

oral

202–203

in HIV infection/AIDS

216

217

1325

Leukopoor blood, transfusion of

533

Leukotriene modifiers

790

for allergic rhinitis

198

790

for asthma

233

234

Leuprolide

1674

See also Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs

for male infertility

1107

Levamisole

for ascariasis

1519

for hookworm disease

1526

Levaquin See Levofloxacin

Levatol See Penbutolol

Levetiracetam, for seizures

983

984

Levitra See Vardenafil

Levo-Dromoran See Levorphanol

Levobunolol, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

Levocabastine, for ophthalmic disorders

176

Levodopa

benzodiazepine interactions and

1046

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1009

1074

for parkinsonism

1008–1009

with entacapone and carbidopa

1009

1010

Levofloxacin

1579

1580

1580

1581

cost of

1562

for tuberculosis

1575

Levonorgestrel

in combination oral contraceptives

751–752

for emergency contraception

757

in Mirena intrauterine device

755

in Norplant system

754

1187

Levorphanol

77

Levothyroxine (thyroxine)

for goiter

1131

for hypothyroidism/myxedema

1106

1133

during pregnancy

781

1133–1134

RAI therapy for thyroid cancer and

1126

1127

for thyroid nodules

1120

1121

after thyroidectomy

1126

Lewy bodies, dementia with

56

Lexapro See Escitalopram

Lexiva See Fosamprenavir

Leydig cell tumors/hyperplasia

971

1171

1180

1182

Lhermitte's sign

816

LHRH analogs See Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs

LHX3/LHX4 gene mutations, in pituitary hormone deficiency

1104

Libido, loss of

950

1053

1101

See also Sexual dysfunction

Libman-Sacks endocarditis, in systemic lupus erythematosus

834–835

Librium See Chlordiazepoxide

Lice

135–136

epidemic typhus transmitted by

1391–1393

1392

relapsing fever transmitted by

1454

trench fever transmitted by

1433

Lichen planus

131–132

drugs causing eruptions similar to

131

148

oral

202–203

Lichen planus-like drug eruptions

131

148

Lichen sclerosus, vulvar

739

Lichen simplex chronicus (circumscribed neurodermatitis)

97

Lichenoid eruptions, drugs causing

131

148

Licorice-induced hypokalemia

874

1173

Lid See Eyelids

Lid lag, in dysthyroid eye disease

170

Liddle's syndrome

874

874

1173

Lidex See Fluocinonide

Lidocaine

for arrhythmias

369

ventricular tachycardia

379

monitoring concentrations of

1734

Lidocaine patch, for postherpetic neuralgia/neuropathic pain

79

80

Lidoderm See Lidocaine patch

Lids See Eyelids

Life expectancy

approach to older patient and

49–50

median

50

Life support, withdrawal/withholding, in end-of-life care

69

82

83

Lifestyle

modifications of

in cancer prevention

1646–1648

in cardiac failure management

395

compliance with recommendations for

1

in disease prevention

12–13

in dyspepsia management

537

in gastroesophageal reflux management

568

in hypertension management/prevention

419

420

421

421

426–427

in elderly

54

sedentary

lipid abnormalities and

12

1244

prevention of

12–13

urinary stone formation and

944

Ligase chain reaction (LCR) assay, in chlamydial infection

1441

Light, pupillary reaction to

152

See also Pupillary reactions

Light chains, immunoglobulin, in urine See Bence Jones proteinuria

Light eruption, polymorphous

140

Light perception (visual acuity)

151

Light therapy See Phototherapy

Light visors, for depression with seasonal onset

1074

Lightning injuries

1599

Ligneous (Riedel's) thyroiditis

1145

1146

“Like cures like” principle

1729

Limb-girdle (Erb's) muscular dystrophy

1035–1036

1036

Limb ischemia

acute

461–462

in lower extremity occlusive disease

453

Limb loss See Amputation

Lindane, overdose/toxicity of

1622

Linear scleroderma

839

Linezolid

1579

for enterococcal infection

1403

1579

for staphylococcal skin infection

1406

Linitis plastica

597

Linoleic acid

1258

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1257

in nutritional support

1282

α-Linolenic acid, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1257

Lioresal, for spasticity

1016

Liothyronine See also Thyroid hormone

antidepressant drug augmentation and

1068

1073

Lipase

in digestion

601

in pancreatic enzyme supplements

699

serum levels of

laboratory reference range for

1740

in pancreatitis

694

698

Lipemia retinalis

1198–1199

1244

Lipid-based amphotericin B

1548

1550

1583

for cryptococcal meningitis

1543

for leishmaniasis

1481

1482

1483

1583

Lipid fractions See Lipoproteins

Lipid-lowering therapy

8–10

341

1242

1247–1252

1248

1251

for acute coronary syndromes

353

cancer prevention and

1653

in cardiovascular disease prevention

8–10

341

cholesterol screening and

1244–1247

1245–1246

in women and elderly

1246

1247

diet for

1247–1249

1278–1279

in diabetes

1203

1205

estrogen replacement therapy and

1187

in hypertriglyceridemia

1252

for myocardial infarction

353

365

nutrients affected by

1260

pharmacologic

1249–1252

1251

See also specific type of therapy and Statin drugs

rhabdomyolysis/myopathy/myositis caused by

841

843

selection of medication for

1250

Lipid-modifying diet

1247–1249

1278–1279

in diabetes

1203

1205

Lipids

1240

See also Fat; Lipoproteins

abnormalities of metabolism of

1240–1252

in atherogenesis/coronary heart disease

339

340

1240–1241

1241–1242

in diabetes mellitus

1201

1243

1244

exercise/activity and

12

protease inhibitors causing

1340

secondary causes of

1243

1244

diet affecting

1247–1249

1278–1279

intravenous, in nutritional support

1282

1284

pharmacologic therapy affecting See also Lipid-lowering therapy

screening tests for levels of

3

1244–1247

1245–1246

Lipiduria

896

Lipitor See Atorvastatin

Lipoatrophic diabetes

1195

Lipodystrophy

familial partial

1098

at insulin injection sites

1221

protease inhibitors causing

1340

Lipohypertrophy, at insulin injection sites

1221

Lipoid nephrosis (minimal change disease)

920

Lipoid pneumonia

294

Lipomas

atrial septal

413

epidermal inclusion cysts differentiated from

139

intestinal

610

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

Lipopolysaccharide, in burn injury

1596

Lipoprotein(a), estrogen replacement affecting

1187

P.1823

Lipoproteins

1240

See also specific type and

Cholesterol

atherogenesis/coronary heart disease and

339

340

1240–1241

1241–1242

in diabetes mellitus

1201

estrogen replacement affecting

1187

lowering

341

See also Lipid-lowering therapy

screening tests for levels of

1244–1247

1245–1246

testosterone replacement affecting

1182

Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome)

1548

1583

See also Lipid-based amphotericin B

for leishmaniasis

1481

1482

1483

Liposomal daunorubicin

1066

1675

Liposomal doxorubicin

1666

1675

for Kaposi's sarcoma

1328

Liquid diets

1277–1278

Liquid nitrogen See also Cryotherapy

for condylomata acuminata

128

733

hypopigmentation and

143

for wart removal

128

Lisinopril

434

439

Lispro insulin See Insulin lispro

Listeria monocytogenes (listeriosis)

1414

1553

LITH gene, in cholelithiasis/gallstones

684

Lithium

1075–1077

1077

adverse ocular effects of

178

antidepressant drug augmentation and

1068

1073

1075–1076

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for bipolar disorder/mania

1075–1077

breast feeding and

785

drug interactions of

1074

1077

hypothyroidism and

1076

monitoring concentrations of

1076

1734

overdose/toxicity of

1076–1077

1615

hemodialysis for

1077

1613

seizures and

1610

in pregnancy

1076

RAI therapy of thyroid cancer and

1127

for unipolar depression

1075

Lithotomy, during pregnancy

782

Lithotripsy

for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis

689

for cholelithiasis/gallstones

686

for renal stones

947

for ureteral stones

947

Livedo reticularis

466

Liver

abscesses of

amebic

1468–1472

1471

pyogenic

680–681

biopsy of

650

in alcoholic liver disease

664

in cirrhosis

669

in hemochromatosis

677

in hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome)

679

in hepatocellular carcinoma

682

in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

668

cancer of

681–683

cirrhosis and

657

670

681–682

683

hepatitis and

653

657–658

659

681

682

683

1644

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

polyprenoic acid in prevention of

1649

cavernous hemangioma of

683

disorders of

652–684

See also specific disorder and under Hepatic

acute hepatic failure

658–659

alcoholic

663–665

ascites in

558

559

559

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and

560

561

671

biliary cirrhosis

670

674–676

bleeding associated with

528–529

cirrhosis

668–674

674

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for

1719

1721

in clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis

1506

coagulopathy

528–529

esophageal varices and

574

diagnosis of

650–652

651

drug- and toxin-induced

665–666

See also Hepatotoxicity

esophageal varices in

573

574

in fascioliasis

1505

hemochromatosis

676–677

hepatitis

autoimmune

662–663

viral

652–658

chronic

659–662

in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

jaundice in

649–652

650

651

kava causing

1717

lipid abnormalities and

1244

neoplastic

681–684

See also Liver, cancer of

benign tumors

683–684

drugs/toxins causing

666

oral contraceptive use and

683

753

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

667–668

See also Fatty liver

noncirrhotic portal hypertension

680

NSAIDs causing

830

parenteral nutritional support and

1284

preoperative evaluation/management of patient with

42–43

in syphilis

1450

tetracycline causing

1571

Wilson's disease

677–678

enlarged See Hepatomegaly

fatty See Fatty liver

fibrosis of

drugs/toxins causing

666

in fatty liver disease

668

focal nodular hyperplasia of

683

684

in heart failure

389

680

hydatid cyst of

1513

1514

1515

in schistosomiasis

1502

1503

shock

680

transplantation of

adenovirus infection and

1386

1387

for amatoxin-type mushroom poisoning

1630

for autoimmune hepatitis

663

for biliary cirrhosis

675

for cholangiocarcinoma

693

for cirrhosis

673

esophageal varices and

576

for hepatic failure

658

659

for hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome)

679

for hepatocellular carcinoma

682–683

for hepatopulmonary syndrome

673

for primary sclerosing cholangitis

692

for Wilson's disease

678

Liver cell adenoma See Hepatic adenoma

Liver failure See Hepatic (liver) failure

Liver flukes

Chinese, clonorchiasis caused by

1506

sheep, fascioliasis caused by

1505

Liver function tests

650

651

Liver-kidney microsomes, antibody to, in autoimmune hepatitis

663

Liver spots (solar lentigines)

93

143

Livial See Tibolone

Living will (advance directives)

70

Livostin See Levocabastine

LMW (low-molecular-weight) heparin See Heparin

Loa loa (loiasis)

1526–1527

Lobectomy, pulmonary

for hydatid cysts

1514

for lung cancer

271

Lobular carcinoma in situ

713

716

716

Local anesthetics, for eye disorders, precautions for use of

177

Locked-in syndrome (de-efferented state)

1019

Lodine See Etodolac

Lodoxamide, for ophthalmic disorders

175

L ffler's syndrome

404

ascariasis and

1518

Logiparin See Tinzaparin

logMar (EDTRS) chart, for visual acuity testing

151

Loiasis

1526–1527

Lomustine (CCNU)

1672

“Lone atrial fibrillation”

375

376

Lone Star tick See Ticks

Long-acting insulin

1212

1215

1218

See also Insulin therapy

Long QT syndrome

381–382

See also QT interval, long

Long-term care facilities, tuberculosis/tuberculosis testing in elderly and

55

257

Loniten See Minoxidil

Loop diuretics See also Diuretics; Furosemide

for acute tubular necrosis

904

for cardiac failure

391

renal failure and

391

910

for hyperkalemia

877

for hypernatremia

872

for hypertension

428

429

urgencies/emergencies

445

Loop resection, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

Loperamide

547

551

See also Antidiarrheal agents

for irritable bowel syndrome

617

Lopid See Gemfibrozil

Lopinavir/r (lopinavir/ritonavir)

1338

1341

1342

1343

See also Antiretroviral therapy

resistance to

1345

Lopressor See Metoprolol

Loprox See Ciclopirox

Lorabid See Loracarbef

Loracarbef

1566

cost of

1562

Loratadine

789

See also Antihistamines

Lorazepam

1044

1045

1045

1079

See also Benzodiazepines

for anxiety/stress disorders

1042

1044

1045

for nausea and vomiting

540

1682

for seizures, status epilepticus and

986

Lorazepam interview, in conversion disorder

1049

Lorcet See Hydrocodone

Lorenzo's oil

1167

Lortab See Hydrocodone

Losartan

433

434

with hydrochlorothiazide

435

Lotensin See Benazepril

Lotrimin Ultra See Butenafine

Louse See Lice

Lovastatin

1242

1250

1251

See also Statin drugs

Lovenox See Enoxaparin

P.1824

Low back pain

817–819

819

See also Back pain

Low carbohydrate diets

cholesterol profile affected by

340

in obesity management

1099

1268

Low-cholesterol diet

1247–1248

1278–1279

Low-density lipoproteins

1240

atherogenesis/coronary heart disease and

339

340

1240–1241

1241–1242

in diabetes mellitus

1201

diet affecting

1147–1148

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1740

lowering levels of

8–10

341

1242

1247–1252

1248

1251

See also Lipid-lowering therapy

cholesterol screening and

1244–1247

in women and elderly

1246

1247

rosiglitazone affecting levels of

1210

screening tests for levels of

1244–1247

Low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT), in lung cancer screening

265

Low-fat diet

1278

1278–1279

in cancer prevention

1647

1648

diabetes prevention/management and

1203

1205

for pancreatitis

696

698

Low-molecular-weight heparin See Heparin

Low-salt diet See Sodium-restricted diet

Low-saturated-fat diet

1279–1280

Low-sodium diet See Sodium-restricted diet

Lower airway/respiratory tract disorders

225–226

See also Pneumonia

Lower esophageal sphincter See Esophageal sphincter, lower

Lower extremity edema

24–26

25

in chronic venous insufficiency

24–26

25

473

leg ulcers and

141

474

in heart disease

315–316

in pulmonary disease

222

Lower extremity occlusive disease

453–456

leg ulcers and

141

453

limb ischemia and

461–462

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

554–557

See also Gastrointestinal bleeding

Lower motor neuron lesions, weakness in

988

Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome

374

Loxapine

1059

1060

1060

Loxitane See Loxapine

Loxosceles

laeta

136

reclusa

136

1636

Lozol See Indapamide

LP See Light perception

LSD

1087

1627

Lubriderm

90

Ludiomil See Maprotiline

Ludwig's angina

207

Lues maligna

1450

Lumbar motion, Schober's test of

818

Lumbar puncture See also Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

headache after

978

in intracranial mass lesions, herniation syndromes and

1002

Lumbar spine/disk disease See also Spine

herniated disk

817

818

818

819

stenosis

819–820

tuberculosis (Pott's disease)

860

Lumbosacral plexus lesions

1031

Lumefantrine with artemether (Riamet)

1495

Lumigan See Bimatoprost

Luminous hallucinations, in migraine headache

975

Lump (breast)

709

710

See also Breast cancer

biopsy in evaluation of

710–712

711

712

clinical examination in detection/evaluation of

15

707

709–710

709

710

1654–1655

1655

cytology in evaluation of

711

711

712

713

differential diagnosis of

713

fat necrosis causing

704

fibroadenoma

703

in fibrocystic condition

702

in male

726

mammography in detection/evaluation of

14

15

707–708

708–709

711

712

in postmenopausal women

712

in premenopausal women

711

removal of See Lumpectomy

self-examination in detection/evaluation of

14

15

708

1655

ultrasonography in evaluation of

711

712

713

Lumpectomy

717–718

1658

local recurrence and

725

recommendations regarding

718

timing of, menstrual cycle and

717

Lunelle

754

Lung

218–311

See also under Pulmonary and Respiratory

abscess of

255

anaerobic

255

1434

aspergilloma of

1544

cancer of See Lung cancer

collapse of See Atelectasis

common manifestations of disease of

218–220

examination of

220–222

in heart disease

314–315

fibrosis of, in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) diseases

275

hydatid cyst of

1513

1514

1515

radiation injury of

298–299

toxic/chemical injury of

297

1617

aspiration and

294

295

drug-induced

298

298

smoke inhalation and

294

1596

Lung biopsy

in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease

276

in pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised host

256

in sarcoidosis

279

in solitary pulmonary nodule

266

Lung cancer

265–275

beta-carotene and vitamin E in prevention of

1650

1651

bronchogenic carcinoma

266–272

cough in

21

267

environmental/industrial carcinogens and

267

297

gene expression profiles in

1642

hemoptysis in

220

incidence/risk/mortality of

266–267

1639

1640

myasthenic syndrome in

268

1035

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

267–268

1696–1697

pleural effusion in

302

radon exposure and

267

297

1601

screening for

265

1655

1656

secondary

272–273

smoking/smoking cessation and

267

297

1646

1647

solitary pulmonary nodule

265–266

staging of

268–270

269

270

survival rates for

272

272

treatment of

270–272

1664

Lung capacity

222

223

See also Pulmonary function tests

total (TLC)

223

in COPD

238

Lung fluke, paragonimiasis caused by

1506–1508

Lung scanning

in pulmonary embolism

282–283

in pulmonary heart disease

412

in pulmonary hypertension

291

Lung sounds

221

Lung transplantation

for COPD

242

for cystic fibrosis

246

for pulmonary hypertension

411

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), for COPD

242–243

Lung volumes

221

222

223

See also Pulmonary function tests

in COPD

238

Lupus anticoagulant

532–533

835

837

pregnancy loss and

775

776

837

stroke and

993

in systemic lupus erythematosus

532

835

836

Lupus anticoagulant-anticardiolipin-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

775–776

837–838

See also Antiphospholipid syndrome/antiphospholipid antibodies

pregnancy loss and

775

776

837

systemic lupus erythematosus and

835

836

836

Lupus cerebritis

836

Lupus erythematosus

autoantibodies in

105

799

834

835

836

chilblain

1591

chronic cutaneous

104–105

discoid

104–105

drug-related

105

147

298

793

834

834

subacute cutaneous (SCLE)

105

systemic

833–837

See also Systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus nephritis

835

916

924

Lupus panniculitis

137

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

in amenorrhea

1184

deficiency of

1104–1105

1179

See also Hypogonadism

gynecomastia and

1100

in hypogonadism

1179

1180

1180

1181

in infertility workup

749

953

954

laboratory reference range for

1740

for male infertility

954

in menopause

760

in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome)

746

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs

for benign prostatic hyperplasia

955

for prostate cancer

966

966

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonists, for psychosexual disorders

1054

Luteoma of pregnancy

1171

Lutzomyia, leishmaniasis transmitted by

1480

Luvox See Fluvoxamine

LVEDP See Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

LVRS See Lung volume reduction surgery

P.1825

Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis)

1457–1462

1461

1554

arthritis in

1459

1461–1462

1461

Lyme disease vaccine and

1461

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

828

“chronic” (“post-Lyme disease syndrome”)

1461

1462

coinfections and

1462

ehrlichiosis

1397

1462

congenital

1458

diagnosis/overdiagnosis of

1457

1462

laboratory findings and

1459–1460

erythema migrans in

123–124

1458

head and neck symptoms in

216

HLA in

1459

myopericarditis in

408

1458

neuropathy associated with

1026

1458–1459

1459

during pregnancy

1458

1462

prevention of

1460–1461

serologic testing in

1459–1460

serosurveys in

1458

treatment of

1461–1462

1461

Lyme disease-like illness, Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) in transmission of

1457

Lyme disease vaccine, removal of from market

1461

LYMErix See Lyme disease vaccine

Lymph, in urine (chyluria)

932

in filariasis

1522

Lymph nodes See also specific nodes and Lymphadenitis; Lymphadenopathy

in filariasis

1522

in Hodgkin's disease

514

Lymphadenectomy, selective (sentinel lymph node biopsy)

in breast cancer

718

1658

arm edema avoidance and

725

Lymphadenitis

475–476

in chancroid

1433

dermatopathic

106

in filariasis

1522

histiocytic necrotizing (Kikuchi's disease)

215

mycobacterial (tuberculous and nontuberculous)

215–216

1438

in plague

1431

Lymphadenopathy

in African trypanosomiasis

1463

autoimmune

215

in cat-scratch disease

1433

cervical, reactive

215

in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510

in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

106

dermatopathic

106

in exfoliative dermatitis/erythroderma

106

in filariasis

1522

HIV

215

217

auditory tube dysfunction/serous otitis media and

194

in lymphogranuloma venereum (buboes)

645

1440

in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

512

in onchocerciasis

1528

in pharyngitis

205

in Whipple's disease

604

Lymphangiosarcoma

476

Lymphangitic carcinomatosis

273

Lymphangitis

475–476

1556

in filariasis

1522

Lymphatic channel diseases

475–477

in filariasis

1522

in sporotrichosis

1546

Lymphedema

476–477

after mastectomy

477

Lymphedema praecox

476

Lymphedema tarda

476

Lymphoblastic lymphoma

513

Lymphocyte count

laboratory reference range for

1740

in nutritional assessment

1263

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

1372–1374

Lymphocytic colitis

631

Lymphocytic gastritis

585

Lymphocytoma, borrelia

1458

Lymphocytopenia, idiopathic CD4

Lymphocytosis, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510

Lymphogranuloma venereum

645

1440–1441

Lymphoma

512–518

1663

See also Burkitt's lymphoma; Hodgkin's disease; Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

adult T cell

1375

See also Human T cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus

in celiac disease

603

611

cerebral, primary, in HIV infection/AIDS

1000

1003

1324

1328

cutaneous T cell (mycosis fungoides)

105–106

1663

exfoliative dermatitis and

106

107

fever caused by

1287

follicular, bcl-2 gene in

512

gastric

598–599

Helicobacter pylori infection and

584

588–589

1644

gastrointestinal

610–611

head and neck

216

in HIV infection/AIDS

1000

1003

1323

1328

1335

1644

incidence/mortality of

1640

large cell (Richter's syndrome)

510

lymphoblastic

513

mantle cell

531

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALToma)

513

598–599

Helicobacter pylori infection and

584

598–599

1644

of thyroid

1124

1127

1129

nose and paranasal sinus involvement and

201

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

primary effusion (body cavity)

1362

testicular

971

973

of thyroid

1124

1129

Lymphoproliferative disorder, posttransplant

1359

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

1087

1627

Related

Категории