Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)

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Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

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M

M mode echocardiography See also Echocardiography

M184V mutation, antiretroviral drug resistance and

1344

Ma-huang (ephedra)

1712

1718

safety/toxicity of

1711

1718

MAC (Mycobacterium avium complex) infections See Mycobacterium (mycobacterial infections), avium complex

Macroglobulinemia

neuropathy associated with

1025

Waldenstr m's See Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia

Macrolides

1569

See also specific agent and Erythromycin

for pneumonia

252

for streptococcal pharyngitis

1401

Macropsia, temporal lobe lesions causing

1001

Macular degeneration, age-related

164–165

Maculopathy/macular edema

age-related

164

diabetic

1221

Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)

1374–1375

MADH4 gene

in familial juvenile polyposis

636

in pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma

700

Maduromycosis

1547

Magnesium

883

1259

dietary/supplementary

1259

for hypocalcemia

878

for hypomagnesemia

884

for hypoparathyroidism/tetany

1148

requirements for

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

in nutritional support

1282

restriction of in renal failure

884

912

disorders of concentration of

883–884

See also Hypermagnesemia; Hypomagnesemia

genetic disorders associated with

874

in hypocalcemia

878

883

hypokalemia and

874

883

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

866

883

1740

serum levels of

calcium serum levels and

883

in hypermagnesemia

884

in hypomagnesemia management

884

urinary excretion of, in hypomagnesemia

884

Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (struvite) urinary stones

943

946

Magnesium chloride See Magnesium, dietary/supplementary

Magnesium citrate, for constipation/bowel cleansing

543

544

Magnesium hydroxide

543

Magnesium oxide See Magnesium, dietary/supplementary

Magnesium salicylate

76

choline

75

Magnesium sulfate

for asthma

237

for constipation

543

544

for eclampsia

773

for hypomagnesemia

884

for hypoparathyroidism/tetany

1148

for poisoning/drug overdose

1612

for preterm labor prevention

784

Magnetic fields, in energy medicine

1709

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

in carotid occlusive disease

456

in lower extremity occlusive disease

453–454

in renal artery stenosis

914

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), in liver disease/jaundice

652

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) See also specific disorder and Neuroimaging

for breast cancer screening

1655

cardiac

317

346

in deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism

284

in liver disease/jaundice

650–652

in myocardial infarction

357

in pheochromocytoma

1176

in prostate cancer

963

in renal disease

900

in seizures

982

P.1826

in thyroid cancer

1125

in tumor size evaluation

1686

Mahaim fibers, in preexcitation syndromes

374

Major depressive disorder

1066

1068

See also Depression

Malabsorption

600–607

600

See also specific disorder or cause

bacterial overgrowth causing

604–605

in celiac disease

601–603

in Crohn's disease

624

diarrhea caused by

548

549

550

in giardiasis

1479

HIV infection/AIDS

1327

hyperoxaluric calcium nephrolithiasis and

946

in lactase deficiency

600

606–607

in scleroderma

838

839

in short bowel syndrome

605–606

in Whipple's disease

603–604

Malaria

1486–1498

cerebral

1487

1497

consultative resources regarding

1488

drug resistance in

1489

1490–1491

1491–1492

1496

1497

in drug users

1299

prevention of

1487–1488

chemoprophylaxis and

1488–1496

1489

See also Antimalarial agents

nonimmune populations and

1489

1495–1496

pregnancy and

1496

emergency (standby) self-treatment and

1488

1496

exposure risk and

1488

mosquito control and

1488

recrudescence and

1486

relapse and

1486

treatment of

1488–1496

1490–1491

See also Antimalarial agents

Malarone (atovaquone plus proguanil)

1488

1489

1490

1493

1495

1496

1497

emergency self treatment and

1488

resistance to

1492

1493

Malassezia furfur

folliculitis caused by

118

seborrheic dermatitis caused by

100

1328

tinea versicolor caused by

104

Malathion, poisoning caused by

1631–1632

Male breast

carcinoma of

726–727

enlargement of See Gynecomastia

Male erectile dysfunction See Erectile dysfunction

Male infertility See Infertility

Malignant ascites

559

562–563

Malignant carcinoid syndrome See Carcinoid syndrome

Malignant effusions

1692–1694

See also specific type

Malignant external otitis (otogenic skull base osteomyelitis)

182–183

186

Malignant hypertension

442

headache in

32

Malignant hyperthermia

1610

Malignant melanoma See Melanoma

Malignant neoplastic disease See Cancer

Malingering, pseudoseizures and

983

Mallory bodies/hyalin (alcoholic hyaline)

667

Mallory-Weiss syndrome/tears

538

552

572

Malnutrition See also Nutritional disorders

alcoholic ketoacidosis and

888

alcoholic liver disease and

664

assessment/clinical signs of

1263–1264

1264

1265

in elderly

64

malabsorption and

600

neuropathy associated with

1025

protein-energy

1264–1267

Malocclusion (dental)

earache and

187

facial pain and

979

Maloprim (pyrimethamine plus dapsone)

1488

MALT lymphoma (MALToma)

513

598–599

Helicobacter pylori infection and

584

598–599

1644

thyroid

1124

1127

1129

Maltese crosses

920

Mammographic localization biopsy

712

Mammography

14

15

707–708

708–709

711

712

1654–1655

biopsy localization and

712

breast implants and

705

computerized stereotactic guided core needle biopsy and

712

digital

708

1655

estrogen replacement therapy and

1188

1645

Mammoplasty, augmentation See also Breast implants

disorders associated with

705

Manganese, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

Mania/manic episodes

1066

1066–1067

drug therapy for

1075–1078

1077

ECT for

1073

schizophrenia differentiated from

1058

1067

sleep disorders and

1079

Manifest deviation (tropia)

152

Mannitol, lithium interactions and

1077

Manometry, esophageal

565

in achalasia

580

in motility disorders

581

Mansonella, ozzardi/perstans/streptocerca

1522

Mansonia mosquitoes See Mosquitoes

Mantle cell lymphoma

513

Mantoux test

258–259

259

See also Tuberculin skin test

MAO inhibitors See Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Maple bark strippers disease

296

Maprotiline

1072

Marasmus/marasmus-like secondary protein-energy malnutrition

1265–1266

Marburg hemorrhagic fever

1376

Marfan's syndrome

1707–1708

aortic disorders/aneurysm in

414

449

1707

1708

mitral valve prolapse and

414

1708

pregnancy and

416

417

sudden death in athletes and

418

Marginal blepharitis

100

155

Marijuana

1088

for nausea and vomiting

540

See also Dronabinol

in AIDS wasting

1322

MARS See Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System

Mask of pregnancy See Melasma

Masochism, sexual

1052

Massage therapy

1709

Masson bodies, in cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis

278

Mast cell stabilizers/mediator inhibitors

for asthma

231

for ophthalmic disorders

175

Mastectomy

1658

antibiotic prophylaxis for

47

arm edema after

725

breast conserving therapy and

717–718

1658

breast reconstruction after

718

725–726

local recurrence and

705

725

for ductal carcinoma

716

genetic susceptibility to cancer and

706

1657

for lobular carcinoma

716

local recurrence after

725

lymphedema after

477

in male

727

modified radical

718

for phyllodes tumor of breast

703

pregnancy/lactation and

716

prophylactic

706

1657

radiation therapy after

718

radical

718

recommendations regarding

718

skin-sparing

718

timing of, menstrual cycle and

717

Mastication, facial pain associated with

979

Mastitis, puerperal

787

Mastoiditis

186

anaerobic

1434

Maternal age See Age/aging, maternal

Math-1, in gene therapy for hearing loss

189

Maturity-onset diabetes of young (MODY)

1195

1197

Mavik See Trandolapril

Maxair See Pirbuterol

Maxillary sinusitis/empyema

195

196

Maximal oxygen uptake, lung cancer surgery and

270

Maxipime See Cefepime

Maxzide See Triamterene, with hydrochlorothiazide

May-Thurner syndrome

471

Mazindol, for obesity

1269

Mazzotti oral test, for onchocerciasis

1528

MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration)

1551

McArdle's disease

1102

McCune-Albright syndrome

1110

MCH See Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

MCHC See Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

MCKD1/MCKD2 genes, in medullary sponge kidney

928

McMurray's test

825–826

MCTD See Mixed/overlap connective tissue disease

MCV See Mean corpuscular volume

M.D. Anderson staging system, for testicular cancer

971

MDIs See Metered-dose inhalers

MDMA (methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

1090

1618

hyponatremia caused by

869

1618

MDR See Multidrug resistance

MDR1 gene, multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy and

1660

MDRD formula See Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula

MDRTB See Multidrug resistance, in tuberculosis

Meal replacement diets, in obesity management

1268

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), laboratory reference range for

1740

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), laboratory reference range for

1740

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

alcohol use/abuse and

1085

P.1827

in anemia classification

481

See also specific disorder

laboratory reference range for

1740

Measles (rubeola)

1355

1362–1364

atypical

1355

1363

immunization against

1304

1305–1306

1307–1309

1363–1364

See also MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine

Measles encephalitis

1363

Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine See MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine

Meat See Beef

Mebendazole

for ascariasis

1519

for dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection)

1520

for enterobiasis/pinworm infection

1521

1522

for hookworm disease

1526

for trichuriasis/whipworm

1534

Mechanical ventilation

308

for ARDS

310

for asthma

237

for coma caused by poisoning/drug overdose

1607

1608

complications of

308

for COPD

242

for near drowning victim

1602

pneumonia and

253

254

for respiratory failure

308

tracheotomy for

213

withdrawal of, in end-of-life care

82

83

Mechlorethamine

1672

Meclofenamate

76

Meclomen See Meclofenamate

Medial epicondylitis

824

Medial meniscus injuries

825–826

Median nerve compression, in carpal tunnel syndrome

821–822

Mediastinal masses

274–275

Mediastinal widening, drug-induced

298

Mediator inhibitors, for asthma

231

Medical (advance) directives

70

Medications See also under Drug

compliance with regimen for

1–2

Medicinal herbs See Herbal medicine

Mediterranean diet

1247–1248

Mediterranean fever, familial

563

Mediterranean spotted fever

1392

Medrol Dosepak See Methylprednisolone

Medroxyprogesterone

1673

for abnormal premenopausal bleeding

729

in cancer chemotherapy

1673

for contraceptive injection

754

for endometriosis

740

for postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

730

for psychosexual disorders

1054

Medrysone, for ophthalmic disorders

174

Medullary cystic kidney

927

929

Medullary sponge kidney

927

928–929

Medulloblastoma

1000

Mefenamic acid

76

for pain management

76

Mefloquine

1489

1490

1492–1493

1496

1497

in pregnancy

1493

resistance to

1492

Mefoxin See Cefoxitin

MEFV gene

563

Megace See Megestrol

Megacolon

in Chagas' disease

1466

1467

toxic

acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) differentiated from

608

in ulcerative colitis

629

Megaesophagus, in Chagas' disease

1466

1467

Megakaryocytes

in essential thrombocytosis

502

in myelodysplasia

507

Megaloblastic anemia

folic acid deficiency causing

489

malabsorption and

600

subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord and

1017

vitamin B12 deficiency causing

487

fish tapeworm infection and

487

1509

Megathrombocytes, in idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura

519

Megestrol

1192

1673

for AIDS wasting

1322

for breast cancer

721

722

in cancer chemotherapy

1673

1688

Meglitinide analogs, for diabetes mellitus

1207

1209

Meglumine antimoniate, for leishmaniasis

1481

1481–1482

Meibomian gland

abscess of (hordeolum)

154

inflammation of

blepharitis and

155

chalazion and

154

Melacine (melanoma vaccine)

1700

Melancholia

1066

See also Depression

involutional (postmenopausal depression)

760

1187

Melanocortin receptors, in obesity

1098

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in obesity

1098

Melanoma

92

94

1665

atypical nevi and

93

congenital nevi and

93

familial

93

immunotherapy for (melanoma vaccines)

1700

incidence/mortality of

94

1640

interferon for

1669

Melanosis, arsenical, hyperpigmentation in

143

Melarsoprol, for African trypanosomiasis

1464

1465

MELAS syndrome

1037

1196

Melasma (chloasma)

143

1100

oral contraceptive use and

143

753

1100

MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease)

665

673

Melena

in erosive/hemorrhagic gastritis/gastropathy

582

in gastrointestinal bleeding

551

555

557

in Mallory-Weiss syndrome

572

in peptic ulcer disease

592

Melioidosis

1553

in drug users

1299

Mellaril See Thioridazine

Meloxicam, peptic ulcers and

587

Melphalan

1672

Memantine

57

1093

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/glomerulonephropathy

916

920

924–925

hepatitis C infection and

655

924

Membranous nephropathy

920

921–922

hepatitis C infection and

924

in systemic lupus erythematosus

924

Memory

assessment of, in mental status exam

1038

1039

impairment of

in dementia/delirium

1091

1092

electroconvulsive therapy causing

1073

MEN See Multiple endocrine neoplasia

MEN1 gene mutation, thyroid tumors and

1123

Menarche

1183

age at, breast cancer risk and

705

706

failure of See Amenorrhea

Mendelson's syndrome

295

Menest See Estrogens, oral

M n trier's disease (hypertrophic gastropathy)

585

Meniere's syndrome (endolymphatic hydrops)

191

autoimmune hearing loss and

189

management of

192

193

menin gene, in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1191

Meningeal cysts, in cysticercosis

1510

Meningeal irritation, noninfectious

1295

Meningiomas

999

1000

Meningismus

1295

Meningitis

1293

1555

in anthrax

1412

aseptic/viral

1294

See also specific causative agent and Aseptic meningitis

carcinomatous (leptomeningeal metastases)

1001

1690

cephalosporins for

1568

cerebrospinal fluid analysis in

1293

1294

chronic

1293–1294

in coccidioidomycosis

1539

1540

coxsackieviruses causing

1389

cryptococcal

1003

1324

1335

1543

in HIV infection/AIDS

1003

1324

1335

1543

prevention of

1347

1543

echoviruses causing

1390

gonococcal

1432

Haemophilus influenzae causing

1422

1552

headache in

978

herpes simplex

1351

in listeriosis

1414

in Lyme disease

1458

1461

meningococcal

1295

1420–1422

immunization against

1305–1306

1307–1309

1314

1421

in mumps

1365

otogenic

186

in paragonimiasis

1507

in plague

1431

pneumococcal

1295

1404–1405

purulent/bacterial

1293

1293

1295

1555

partially treated

1295

in syphilis

1449

1451

in tick-borne encephalitis

1380

tuberculous

1438–1439

viral See Meningitis, aseptic

Meningococcal (Neisseria meningitidis) infections

1552

meningitis

1295

1420–1422

immunization against

1305–1306

1307–1309

1314

1421

pneumonia

251

Meningococcemia

1356

1421

Meningoencephalitis See also Encephalitis

acanthamoeba

1295

1473

in African trypanosomiasis

1464

amebic

1295

1473

in Chagas' disease

1466

eosinophilic, angiostrongylus causing

1516–1517

in Lyme disease

1458

P.1828

Meningovascular syphilis

1444

1449

1451

See also Neurosyphilis

Meniscus, medial, injuries of

825–826

Menopause

760–762

1183–1190

age at

average

760

1185

breast cancer risk and

705

706

amenorrhea in

760

1185

depression and (postmenopausal depression/involutional melancholia)

760

1187

estrogen replacement therapy for See Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy

osteoporosis and

760

1155

premature

749

surgical

760

breast cancer risk and

705

estrogen replacement therapy after

761–762

vaginal bleeding after

730

endometrial carcinoma and

738

weight gain and

1099

Menorrhagia

728

iron deficiency anemia and

481

IUD use and

755

Menostar See Estradiol transdermal systems

Menotropins, for male infertility

954

Menstruation/menstrual cycle

abnormalities of, in polycystic ovary syndrome

746–747

age of onset of, breast cancer risk and

705

706

asthma associated with (catamenial asthma)

227

blood loss from

728

See also Vaginal bleeding

iron deficiency anemia and

481

breast cancer surgery and

717

cessation of

760

See also Menopause

failure to appear See Amenorrhea

pain associated with See Dysmenorrhea

pneumothorax associated with (catamenial pneumothorax)

303

radiation affecting

1600

Mental retardation

in Down's syndrome

1704

fragile X

1705

in homocystinuria

1706

in Klinefelter's syndrome

1707

in tuberous sclerosis

1006

Mental status, altered

in Cushing's syndrome

1103

1168

1169

endocrine causes of

1103

in renal failure/uremia

910

in shock/impending shock

478

Mental status examination

1038

1039

Mentax See Butenafine

Mepacrine See Quinacrine

Meperidine

74

77

breast feeding and

785

in elderly

65

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1074

overdose/toxicity of

1631

Meralgia paresthetica

1029

Mercaptopurine

1673

allopurinol affecting dosage of

1691

for inflammatory bowel disease

621

Crohn's disease

621

625–626

ulcerative colitis

621

Mercury poisoning

1611

1627–1628

marijuana use and

1088

Meridians, in acupuncture

1723

Meropenem

1569

cost of

1561

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

Merrem See Meropenem

MERRF syndrome

1037

Mesalamine, for inflammatory bowel disease

621

Crohn's disease

626

ulcerative colitis

628

629

630

Mescaline

1087

1627

Mesenchymal gastric tumors

599–600

Mesenteric artery aneurysm

450

Mesenteric ischemia/mesenteric artery occlusive disease

459

Mesenteric thrombosis

459

Mesenteric vein occlusion

459

Mesna, for chemotherapy-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

1677

1683

Mesoridazine

1059

1060

overdose/toxicity of

1060

Mesothelioma

273–274

563

1664

asbestos exposure and

273–274

297

Metabolic acidosis

886–891

886

See also specific type

anion gap See Anion gap acidosis

hyperkalemia and

875

in hypothermia

1590

1591

in mixed disorder

885

in near drowning victim

1603

parenteral nutritional support and

887

890

1284

in poisoning/drug overdose

888

with methanol or ethylene glycol

888

1628

with salicylates

888

1634

posthypocapnic

890

894

in renal failure

888

901

909

Metabolic alkalosis

886

891–893

892

in mixed disorder

885

posthypercapnia

892

893

Metabolic bone disease

1155–1162

See also specific disease

in renal failure

911

1150

Metabolic disturbances

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by

1091

coma or stupor caused by

1018–1019

neuropathies associated with

1025

nutritional support and

1283

1284–1285

1284

seizures caused by

980

Metabolic encephalopathy

cancer-related

1004

coma or stupor caused by

1019

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X/insulin resistance syndrome/CHAOS)

343

1197–1198

1252

1267

1268

coronary heart disease and

339

347

hypertension and

422

obesity and

1098

1099

1267

1268

Metacercariae See Cercariae/metacercariae

Metal-transporter-1, in hemochromatosis

676

Metanephrines, urinary

factors affecting

1175

1175

laboratory reference range for

1740

in pheochromocytoma

1175

Metapneumovirus, human

1381–1382

Metastatic disease See also specific type or structure or organ affected

adjuvant chemotherapy for micrometastases and

1661

1679–1680

surgery in treatment of

1658

Metered-dose inhalers

for asthma therapy

231

234

237

for COPD therapy

241

Metformin

for diabetes mellitus

1208

1209–1210

1217

in combination preparations

1208

1211

intensive therapy with

1203–1205

prevention and

1203

for hirsutism/virilization

1172

lactic acidosis caused by

1210

1212

safety of

1211

Methacholine bronchial provocation testing, in asthma

224

227

cough-variant

219

Methadone

74

77

hypogonadism caused by

1106

for opioid withdrawal/maintenance

1087

overdose/abuse of

1631

for pain management

74

77

Methamphetamine

1618

Methanol poisoning

1611

1615

1628

anion gap/osmolar gap in

872

1614

1614

1628

ethanol for

891

1611

hemodialysis for

1613

1628

Methcathinone

1618

Methedrine

1089

Methemalbuminemia, in hemolytic anemia

490

Methemoglobinemia

1615

1628–1629

dyspnea in

23

laboratory reference range in

1741

Methicillin, staphylococcal infections resistant to

1328

1406

1407

1419

1552

in burn injury

1597–1598

impetigo and

113

Methimazole, for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism

1138–1139

1139

during pregnancy/lactation

1142

Methionine

in homocystinuria

1706

in hyperhomocysteinemia

1707

Methotrexate

831

1672

See also CMF regimen

breast feeding and

785

786

for Crohn's disease

621

625–626

for ectopic pregnancy

770

for elective abortion

758

immunosuppressive action of

803–804

with leucovorin rescue

831

1677

1684

monitoring concentrations of

1734

nutrients affected by

1260

for psoriasis

99

for rheumatoid arthritis

831

in combination therapy

832

toxicity of

831

1672

1684

for Wegener's granulomatosis

848–849

Methyl alcohol See Methanol

Methyl salicylate See also Salicylates

overdose/toxicity of

1634

Methylcellulose See also Fiber, dietary

for constipation

543

Methyldopa

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for hypertension

437

438

during pregnancy

416

437

779

lithium interactions and

1077

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1074

overdose/toxicity of

1622–1623

Methylene blue, for methemoglobinemia

1628–1629

Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, homocysteine levels affected by

1707

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

1090

1618

hyponatremia caused by

869

1618

P.1829

Methylmalonic acid, laboratory reference range for

1741

Methylphenidate

1068

in elderly

1068

1095

overdose/abuse of

1089

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), parkinsonism caused by

1007

Methylprednisolone

1193

See also Corticosteroids

for alcoholic liver disease

665

for allergic contact dermatitis, inappropriateness of

115

for asthma

232

235

for nausea and vomiting

540

4-Methylpyrazole See Fomepizole

Methyltestosterone, for androgen deficiency in women

1188

Methylxanthines, contraindication to in asthma exacerbations

236

Metipranolol, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

Metoclopramide

for diabetic autonomic neuropathy

1224

for dyspepsia

537

for nausea and vomiting

540

1682

Metolazone

429

Metoprolol

for arrhythmias

369

atrial fibrillation

376

for hypertension

432

perioperative administration of

37

38

415

Metrifonate, for schistosomiasis, withdrawal of from market

1503

Metronidazole

1577–1578

adverse reactions to

1472

for amebiasis

1470

1471

1472

for anaerobic intra-abdominal infections

1435

1578

for antibiotic-associated colitis

620

1578

for bacterial vaginosis

732

1578

cost of

1561

1562

for Crohn's disease

624

625

for dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection)

1520

for giardiasis

1480

for rosacea

118

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

for Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis

732

Metyrosine, for pheochromocytoma

1177

Mevacor See Lovastatin

Mexiletine, for arrhythmias

369

Mezlin See Mezlocillin

Mezlocillin, therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

Mg See Magnesium

MGUS See Monoclonal gammopathy, of unknown significance

Miacalcin See Calcitonin

MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration)

1551

Micafungin

1585

Micardis See Telmisartan

Mice

lymphocytic choriomeningitis transmission and

1373

1374

rickettsialpox transmission and

1392

1396

Miconazole

89

for vaginal candidiasis

732

1536

Micro-Coombs test See Coombs test

Microalbuminuria, in diabetes/diabetic nephropathy

923

1222

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias

490

497

521

in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

530

hemolytic-uremic syndrome and

522

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and

497

521

521

Microarray studies, DNA, cancer development studied with

1641

Microbes See Infection/infectious diseases

β2-Microglobulin

in hemochromatosis

676

in myeloma

516

Microlithiasis (biliary sludge)

684

Micrometastases, adjuvant chemotherapy for

1661

1679–1680

See also Adjuvant chemotherapy

Micronase See Glyburide

Micronor See Progestins

Micropsia, temporal lobe lesions causing

1001

Microsatellite instability

fecal DNA assay for

642

in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

636–637

1643

Microscopic colitis

549

631

Microscopic polyangiitis

849–850

autoantibodies in

849

916

glomerulonephritis and

849

916

918

Microsporidiosis

1475–1478

Microwave hyperthermia, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

961

Micturition See also Voiding

syncope associated with

384

Midamor See Amiloride

Midazolam

1045

1045

for seizures, status epilepticus and

986

Middle ear

184–187

infection of See Otitis, media

neoplasia of

187

trauma to

187

Midline malignant reticulosis

201

Mifepristone (RU 486)

for elective abortion

758

for emergency contraception

757

for psychotic depression

1068

Miglitol

1208

1211

Migraine, nausea and vomiting in

539

975

Migraine equivalent

975

Migraine headache

974

975–976

976

acupuncture for

1728

oral contraceptive use and

753

transient ischemic attacks differentiated from

990

vertigo and

192

Migrainous neuralgia (cluster headache)

974

976–977

Migrainous vertigo

192

Miliaria

119–120

crystallina/pustulosa/rubra

120

Milieu therapy, hospitalization for

1041

Milk, raw

brucellosis and

1429

campylobacter infection and

1428

tick-borne encephalitis and

1380

Milk-alkali syndrome

879

Milk (lactose) intolerance

600

606–607

diarrhea caused by

549

606

flatus caused by

545

606

Milk of magnesia

543

544

Milkers' nodules (paravaccinia)

1388

Milrinone, for cardiac failure

394–395

infarct-associated

363

Milroy's disease

476

Miltefosine, for leishmaniasis

1481

1482

1483

1484

Mind-body medicine

1709

Mineral oil

for constipation

543

543

nutrients affected by

1260

Mineral oil enema

543

Mineralocorticoids

1162–1163

See also Aldosterone

apparent excess of, genetic mutation/hypokalemia and

874

874

deficiency of See also Adrenocortical insufficiency

hyperkalemia and

876

hyponatremia in elderly responsive to

869

in saline-unresponsive alkalosis

892

Minerals

1258

1258

renal failure and

911

requirements for

1258

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

in nutritional support

1282

Mini-Mental State Examination

1038

1039

Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)

1551

Minimal change disease

920

921

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

1551

Minimally invasive prostate surgery, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960–961

Minipill (progestin)

752

753–754

abnormal premenopausal bleeding caused by

729

754

Minipress See Prazosin

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

1040

Minnesota tube, for esophageal varices

575

Minocycline

1571

for acne

116–117

adverse effects of

1571

ocular

179

for rheumatoid arthritis

832

for rosacea

118

Minoxidil, for hypertension

437

438

Miotics, for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

173

Miralax See Polyethylene glycol

Mirena intrauterine device

755

Mirizzi's syndrome

687

Mirtazapine

1070

1070–1071

1072

Miscarriage See Abortion

Mismatch repair genes, defects in, in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

636

1643

Misoprostol

with methotrexate, for elective abortion

758

for NSAID toxicity mitigation

589

591

830

Missed abortion

768

769

Mites

bird and rodent, skin lesions caused by

136

rickettsialpox transmitted by

1392

1396

scrub typhus transmitted by

1392

1394

in stored products, skin lesions caused by

136

trombiculid, skin lesions caused by larvae of

136

Mithramycin (plicamycin)

1675

for hypercalcemia, in cancer patients

1691

Mitochondrial DNA mutations, in diabetes mellitus

1197

Mitochondrial myopathies

1037

Mitomycin

1675

Mitotane

1675

Mitoxantrone

1675

toxicity of

1675

P.1830

Mitral regurgitation/insufficiency

326–328

330–332

interventions affecting murmur in

329

in Kawasaki syndrome

1399

Mitral stenosis

325–330

326–328

pregnancy and

329

330

416

Mitral valve, parachute

325

Mitral valve prolapse (“floppy”/myxomatous mitral valve)

330–331

interventions affecting murmur in

329

in Marfan's syndrome

414

1708

panic disorder and

1043

Mitral valve rupture

414

Mittelschmerz, in symptothermal natural family planning

757

Mivazerol, perioperative administration of

37–38

38

Mixed acid-base disorders

885

886

alcoholic ketoacidosis and

888

Mixed/overlap connective tissue disease

842

autoantibodies in

799

842

Mixed sleep apnea

305

306

Mixing test See Plasma mixing test

MMPI-2 See Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine

1304

1304–1306

1305–1306

1306

1307–1309

1363–1364

1365

1369

in HIV infection/AIDS

4

1304

1306

1308

1332

1364

1365

inclusion body encephalitis and

1363

joint pain/arthritis and

858

1306

1369

pregnancy and

1304

1306

1308

1364

1369

Moban See Molindone

Mobilization, postoperative, in venous thrombosis prevention

286

471

Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) atrioventricular block

382

383

in myocardial infarction

362

Mobitz type II atrioventricular block

382–383

383

in myocardial infarction

362

Moclobemide, overdose/toxicity of

1629

Modafinil, for narcolepsy

1080

Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)

665

673

Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, for GFR estimation

898

Moduretic See Amiloride, for hypertension, with hydrochlorothiazide

MODY See Maturity-onset diabetes of young

Moexipril

434

Mohs surgery

for basal cell carcinoma

130

for eyelid tumors

155

for squamous cell carcinoma

131

Moisturizers (skin)/emollients

86–91

90

Molar pregnancy (hydatidiform mole)

773–774

See also Gestational trophoblastic disease

hyperthyroidism in

774

1136

Molds

avoidance therapy for allergies caused by

789

opportunistic infections caused by

1547–1550

prevention of

1290

Mole (skin)

92

See also Nevi

atypical (atypical nevus)

93

benign

92

suspicious

92–93

Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS)

for hepatic failure

659

for hepatorenal syndrome

671

Molindone

1059

1060

1060

Mollaret's meningitis, herpes simplex causing

1351

Molluscum contagiosum

129–130

1388

in HIV infection/AIDS

129

1327

1388

Molybdenum, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

Mometasone

87

Monge's disease

1605

Monkeypox

1388

Monk's cowl, in atopic dermatitis

95

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

1071–1073

1072

adverse ocular effects of

178

drug/food interactions of

1071

1073

1074

1629

serotonin syndrome and

1070

1629

overdose/toxicity of

1072

1073

1629

Monobactams

1568

Monoclonal antibodies

in cancer chemotherapy

1666–1667

immunosuppressive actions of

804–805

Monoclonal gammopathy

796

neuropathy associated with

1025

of unknown significance (MGUS)

516

797

Monoclonal protein See also Paraproteins

in myeloma

516

in Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia

517

518

Monocular diplopia

151

Monocular field loss

150

Monocyte count, laboratory reference range for

1741

Monocytic ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis

1392

1396–1397

Monomethylhydrazine (Gyromitra) mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

Mononeuritis multiplex

1023–1028

See also Neuropathies

in diabetes mellitus

1223

in HIV infection/AIDS

1026

in Lyme disease

1458

microscopic polyangiitis and

849

polyarteritis nodosa and

845

1026

Mononeuropathies

1023

1028–1029

See also Mononeuritis multiplex; Neuropathies

in sarcoidosis

1026

Mononucleosis

cytomegalovirus

1360

1361

Epstein-Barr virus

1355

1358–1359

pharyngitis in

205

1358

1359

Mononucleosis spot (Monospot) test

1359

Monopril See Fosinopril

Montelukast

790

for asthma

233

234

790

Montenegro (leishmanin) skin test

1481

1483

1485

Mood/mood disorders

1065–1078

See also Depression; Mania

assessment of in mental status exam

1038

Moraxella/Moraxella catarrhalis infections

1422

1552

keratitis

158

pneumonia

249

251

1422

Morganella

1553

Moricizine

368

369

Morning sickness, acupuncture for

1728–1729

Morning sickness

538

767

Morphea

839

Morphine

74

77

78

adverse effects of, ocular

178

in end-of-life care

74

double effect and

69

for myocardial infarction

360

overdose/toxicity of

1631

for pulmonary edema

398

Mosaicism, in Turner's syndrome

1190

Mosquitoes

DEET mosquito repellant and

1488

dengue transmitted by

1377

encephalitis transmitted by

1371

1372

filariasis transmitted by

1522

hemorrhagic fevers transmitted by

1376

malaria transmitted by

1486

1488

West Nile virus transmitted by

1371

yellow fever transmitted by

1379

Motexafin gadolinium

1701

Moths, skin lesions caused by

136

Motility disorders See also specific disorder

colonic, constipation and

542

esophageal

579–581

chest pain in

344

580

581–582

dysphagia in

564

564

580

581

intestinal

607–609

See also Intestinal obstruction

diarrhea and

548

549

in irritable bowel syndrome

615

vomiting and

539

Motion sickness, air travel and

1606

Motor activity

dementia and

56

in mental status exam

1038

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

Motor conduction velocity studies See Conduction velocity studies

Motor neuron diseases

1022–1023

spasticity caused by

1016

weakness/paralysis caused by

988

Motor palsies, ocular

170

in myasthenia gravis

1034

Motor tics, in Tourette's syndrome

1013

Motor vehicle accidents See Automobile accidents

Motrin See Ibuprofen

Mountain sickness

acute

1604

chronic (Monge's disease)

1605

subacute

1605

Mouth See Oral cavity

Movement disorders

1006–1014

See also specific type

drug-induced

1013

1063–1064

kava and

1717

Moxifloxacin

1579

1580

1580

1581

cost of

1562

for ophthalmic disorder

175

for tuberculosis

1575

MPGN See Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis/glomerulonephropathy

MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine), parkinsonism caused by

1007

MRCP See Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

MRI See Magnetic resonance imaging

MRSA infection See Methicillin, staphylococcal infections resistant to

MS Contin See Morphine

MSI See Microsatellite instability

Mu ( ) chain disease

798

Mucoceles, sinusitis and

196

Mucocutaneous (mucosal) candidiasis

120–121

1536

Mucocutaneous herpes simplex disease

1350–1351

1351–1352

P.1831

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia)

1480–1481

1485–1486

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki syndrome/disease)

414

1356

1398–1399

Mucoid discharge, hemorrhoids causing

644

Mucor infection (mucormycosis)

1545

rhinocerebral

197

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma)

513

598–599

Helicobacter pylori infection and

584

598–599

1644

of thyroid

1124

1127

1129

Mucosal associated lymphoid tumors See MALT lymphoma

Mucosal biopsy

in celiac disease

602–603

in gastric adenocarcinoma

597

598

in Whipple's disease

604

Mucosal protective agents, for peptic ulcer disease

589

Multidrug resistance See also Drug resistance

in chemotherapy

1660–1661

in tuberculosis

257

262

263

1323

Multifocal (chaotic) atrial tachycardia

378

Multi-infarct (vascular) dementia

1092

hypertension and

425

Multilocular (alveolar) hydatid disease

1513

1515

Multinodular (nodular) goiter

1120

1122

toxic

1140–1141

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1190–1192

type 1 (Wermer's syndrome)

1150

1191–1192

gastric carcinoids in

599

gastrinomas in

595

596

1178

1191

islet cell tumors in

1150

1178

1179

1191

1234

1237

parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in

1150

1150

1191

pituitary adenomas in

1104

1110

1113

1150

1191

prolactinomas in

1113

1191

type 2a (Sipple's syndrome)

1150

1192

medullary thyroid carcinoma in

1124

1125

1127

1129

1150

1192

parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in

1150

1150

1192

pheochromocytoma in

1150

1174

1175

1176

1192

type 2b

1150

1192

medullary thyroid carcinoma in

1124

1125

1127

1129

1150

1192

parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in

1150

1150

pheochromocytoma in

1150

1174

1175

1176

1192

Multiple myeloma See Myeloma

Multiple personality disorder (dissociative identity disorder)

1044

Multiple sclerosis

1014–1015

HLA in

801

1014

optic neuritis and

169

trigeminal neuralgia in

978

vertigo in

194

Multislice computed tomography, cardiac

317

Multisystem atrophy, dysautonomia and

987

Multitarget DNA tests

in adenoma detection

633

in colorectal cancer screening

642

Mumps

1364–1366

arthritis associated with

858

immunization against

1305–1306

1306

1307–1309

1365

See also MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine

Munchausen by proxy

1048

Munchausen syndrome

1048

Mupirocin

1577

for impetigo

89

113

Mural thrombus, myocardial infarction and

364

Murine (flea-borne) typhus

1392

1393–1394

Murmurs See Heart murmurs

Muromonab-CD3

804

Murphy's sign, in cholecystitis

686

Muscarinic mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

1630

Muscimol, anticholinergic-type mushroom poisoning and

1630

Muscle biopsy

in motor neuron diseases

1022

in muscular dystrophy

1035–1036

in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

841

in trichinosis

1532

Muscle cramps

1102–1103

See also Tetany

endocrine causes of

1102–1103

heat exposure causing

1593

in hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism

878

1102

in hypokalemia

873

Muscle cysticercosis

1511

Muscle invasion, in trichinosis

1532

1533

Muscle necrosis, in rhabdomyolysis

843

Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency

1102

Muscle phosphorylase deficiency

1102

Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies, in myasthenia gravis

1034

Muscle weakness See also Myopathies; Weakness

in polymyositis/dermatomyositis

840

Muscular dystrophies

1035–1036

1036

cardiomyopathy in

413

Musculoskeletal disorders

807–864

See also specific type and Arthritis

autoimmune

827–844

bone infections

858–861

bone tumors/tumor-like lesions

861–862

in cysticercosis

1511

diagnosis and evaluation of

807

808

809

809

immobility/bed rest and

59

pain syndromes

815–826

seronegative spondyloarthropathies

851–855

sports injuries and

823–826

in syphilis

1450

in trichinosis

1532

1533

in tuberculosis

860–861

vasculitis syndromes and

844–851

844

845

Musculotendinous strain, cervical

815

Mushroom picker's disease

296

Mushroom poisoning

1629–1631

1630

Musset's sign

335

Mutations See also specific type and specific disorder

in cancer etiology

1641

1642–1643

1643–1644

See also specific type of cancer

prevention and

1656–1657

screening/testing for

1643

Mutism, akinetic (persistent vegetative state)

1019

Myalgia, with eosinophilia, tryptophan causing

839

Myasthenia gravis

1031–1034

aminoglycosides contraindicated in

1034

HLA in

801

1032

ocular, Graves' disease and

1137

ptosis in

153

1034

Myasthenic (Lambert-Eaton) syndrome

1035

in cancer

268

1005

1035

1696

Mycetoma

1547

Mycobacterium (mycobacterial infections)

1437–1440

abscessus

264

avium complex (MAC)

1335

1437

disseminated disease caused by

264

1437

in HIV infection/AIDS

1335

1437

prophylaxis of

1347

1437

lymphadenitis (scrofula) caused by

1438

pulmonary disease caused by

264

265

1437–1438

1554

bovis

BCG vaccine made from

263

intestinal disease caused by

614

lymphadenitis (scrofula) caused by

1438

chelonei

264

1438

1554

fortuitum

264

1438

1554

gordonae

1438

kansasii

264

1437

1438

1554

leprae

1439

1553

lymphadenitis

215–216

1438

malmoense

264

marinum

1438

nontuberculous (atypical)

1437–1438

See also Nontuberculous (atypical) mycobacteria

scrofulaceum

1438

szulgai

1438

tuberculosis

256–263

257

1438–1439

1553

See also Tuberculosis

bone and joint disease caused by

860–861

intestinal disease caused by

614

lymphadenitis caused by

215–216

1438

meningitis caused by

1438–1439

pulmonary disease caused by

256–263

resistant strains of

257

261

262

263

1323

ulcerans

1438

xenopi

264

1438

Mycophenolate mofetil

804

immunosuppressive action of

804

Mycoplasma

1554

penicillin resistance and

1560

pneumoniae, pneumonia caused by

249

251

252

1556

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)

105–106

1663

exfoliative dermatitis and

106

107

Mycotic aneurysms

carotid

458

drug use and

1298

Mycotic infections (mycoses)

1536–1550

of bones and joints

859–860

bronchopulmonary, allergic

244

drugs for management of

1548–1549

1550

1582–1585

See also Antifungal agents

superficial

100–104

See also Tinea

Myelinolysis, central pontine, hyponatremia treatment and

870

Myelitis

in cytomegalovirus infection

1361

in HIV infection/AIDS

1325

Myelodysplastic syndromes

506–507

rheumatic manifestations of

863

sideroblasts/sideroblastic anemia and

486

506

507

Myelofibrosis

500

503–504

Myelography

in multiple sclerosis

1015

in spinal tumors

1003

Myeloid growth factors See Filgrastim; Growth factors; Sargramostim

P.1832

Myeloma

515–517

1663

amyloidosis and

515

hypercalcemia in

1152

incidence/risk/mortality of

1640

interferon for

1669

kidney involvement in

904

929

neuropathy associated with

1025

nonsecretory

516

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

Myeloma kidney

929

Myelopathy See also specific cause

in HIV infection/AIDS

1324

of human T cell leukemia virus

1016

1375–1376

in multiple sclerosis

1014

neck pain caused by

816

Myeloproliferative disorders

499–512

499

500

See also Leukemias

hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome) and

679

hypercoagulability and

531–532

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

platelet function affected in

526

Myeloradiculopathy, spinal cord arteriovenous malformations causing

999

Myelosuppressive therapy, for polycythemia

501

Myerson's sign

1008

MYH gene mutations, in familial adenomatous polyposis

635

Mykrox See Metolazone

Mylotarg See Gemtuzumab ozogamicin

Myocardial contusions/hematomas

414

sudden death of athlete and

418

Myocardial dysfunction See also Congestive heart (cardiac) failure

after myocardial infarction

362–363

Myocardial failure See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure

Myocardial hibernation

342–343

Myocardial hypertrophy See Cardiomyopathy

Myocardial infarction

355–366

See also Coronary heart disease

accelerated idioventricular rhythm in

362

arrhythmias associated with

356

361–362

prevention of

361

signal-averaged ECG in evaluation of

368

aspirin for

349

353

357

361

in Chagas disease

1466

chest pain in

312

356

cocaine abuse and

347

355

1089

coenzyme Q10 for

1721

1722

complications of

361–365

conduction disturbances associated with

362

coronary vasospasm causing

347

COX-2 inhibitors associated with

74

587

830–831

Dressler's syndrome after

364

408

estrogen replacement therapy and

1188

hemodynamic status and

357

357

hypotension and

363

ischemia/angina after

361

left ventricular aneurysm and

364

left ventricular failure and

362–363

management after

365–366

mechanical defects associated with

364

mural thrombus and

364

oral contraceptive use and

752

painless

356

pathophysiology of

342

perioperative, preoperative risk assessment/management and

36

36

37–39

38

during pregnancy

417

prevention of

340–342

Q waves in

355

356

See also ST elevation (Q wave) infarction

reperfusion after thrombolysis and

359

revascularization procedures and

354

354

360

366

after thrombolytic therapy

359–360

right ventricular infarction and

363–364

risk stratification/modification in management of

365

shock and

357

357

363

sudden death and

356

380

surgery in patient with

38–39

39

415

thrombolytic therapy for

358–360

359

treatment of

353

357–361

ventricular fibrillation in

356

361

362

Myocardial ischemia See also Angina; Coronary heart disease; Myocardial infarction

cardiac failure and

387

389

395–396

chest pain in

312

See also Angina; Myocardial infarction

coronary vasospasm causing

347

pathophysiology of

342

postinfarction

361

preoperative evaluation of

36–37

37

415

scintigraphic assessment of

345

silent

342

346

surgery in patients with

36–37

37

415

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy

in angina

345

in cardiomyopathy

401–402

403

Myocardial rupture

364

Myocardial stunning

342–343

Myocarditis

398–400

in Chagas' disease

399

1466

clozapine causing

1060

coxsackievirus infection and

398

1390

in diphtheria

398–399

1413

drug-induced/toxic

400

echovirus infection and

407

1390

giant cell

399

infectious

398–400

399

in Kawasaki syndrome

1399

radiation

400

1600

Myocilin gene mutation, in glaucoma

160

Myoclonic epilepsy–ragged red fiber (MERRF) syndrome

1037

Myoclonic seizures

981

981

985

1012

1013

See also Seizures

Myoclonus

1012–1013

in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

1012

1374

nocturnal

1080

Myoglobinuria

897

935

acute tubular necrosis/rhabdomyolysis and

843

903

electric shock injury and

1599

Myomas (leiomyomas/fibroid tumors)

cervical

738

of uterus

737–738

Myomectomy

738

Myonecrosis, clostridial (gas gangrene)

1408–1409

Myopathies (myopathic disorders)

1035–1037

1036

HIV

1325

idiopathic inflammatory

840–842

lipid-lowering therapy/statin drugs causing

841

843

1102

miscellaneous causes of

1037

mitochondrial

1037

in respiratory failure

309

zidovudine causing

1325

Myopericarditis See also Pericarditis

Borrelia burgdorferi/Lyme disease causing

408

1458

after smallpox vaccination

1313

1388

Myopia

153

Myositis See also Dermatomyositis; Polymyositis

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statin drugs) causing

841

843

1102

inclusion body

841

1037

Pleistophora and Trachipleistophora hominis causing

1477

Myotomy, for achalasia

580

Myotonia/myotonic dystrophy

1036–1037

congenita

1037

MySK antibodies See Muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies

Myxedema

1131–1135

See also Hypothyroidism

pretibial (Graves' dermopathy)

1135

1137

1142

Myxedema coma

1132

Myxedema heart

1132

Myxedema madness

1103

1132

Myxoma, atrial

413

arterial emboli and

461

herpes simplex virus and

1351

Myxomatous mitral valve See Mitral valve prolapse

Related

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