Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)
Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.
Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition
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O
Obesity
1098–1099
1099
1267–1270
arthritis and
808
809
cancer risk and
1647
cholelithiasis/gallstones and
684
coronary heart disease and
339
in Cushing's syndrome
1099
1167
1268
definition of/measurements in
13
1098
1267
in diabetes mellitus
1098
1196
1198
1217
diet and
1217
metformin for
1210
1217
diet/eating behavior changes and
1099
1268–1269
in endocrine disorders
1098–1099
1268
genetic factors in
1098
1267–1268
health consequences of
13
1267
in hypertension
422
hypothalamic disorders and
1099
1106
hypoventilation and (Pickwickian syndrome)
305
insulin response affected by
1098
1099
leptin gene and
1098
1268
lipid abnormalities in
1244
medications in management of
1099
1269
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and
667
668
in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome)
746
747
1099
postoperative pulmonary complications associated with
41
prevention of
13–14
surgery in management of
14
1099
1269
treatment of
14
1099
1268–1269
weight gain in pregnancy and
766
Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome)
305
Oblimersen, gene therapy for cancer and
1700
OBS See Organic brain syndrome
Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding
557–558
Obsessions
1044
See also Obsessive-compulsive disorderObsessive-compulsive disorder
1044
1047
depression and
1044
Tourette's syndrome and
1013
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
1055
Obstetrics
763–787
See also PregnancyObstructive lung disease See Airway disorders, obstruction; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Obstructive shock
477
478
Obstructive sleep apnea
305
305–306
Obstructive uropathy
renal failure caused by
908
tubulointerstitial disease caused by
926
927
Obstructive voiding symptoms
932
in benign prostatic hyperplasia
956
956
in prostate cancer
962
in prostatitis
940
Obturator sign, in appendicitis
612
613
Occipital lobe lesions
1001
Occlusive dressings/suit, corticosteroid potency and
86
Occult diabetes (late hypoglycemia)
1234
1238
Occult gastrointestinal bleeding
557–558
See also Gastrointestinal bleedingstool test for See Fecal occult blood testing
Occupational asthma
227
297
Occupational pulmonary diseases
295–298
295
296
See also specific disorderOccupational therapy, for rheumatoid arthritis
829
OCD See Obsessive-compulsive disorder
OCD spectrum
1044
Ochronosis
1704
C-Octanoic acid breath test, in nausea and vomiting
538
Octreotide
for acromegaly/gigantism
1111–1112
for cancer chemotherapy
1674
for carcinoid syndrome
611–612
1692
for diarrhea
551
for esophageal varices
574–575
for gastrointestinal bleeding
554
in peptic ulcer disease
592
for insulinoma
1237
nutrients affected by
1260
for short bowel syndrome
606
Ocu-chlor See Chloramphenicol
Ocuflox See Ofloxacin
Ocular disease See Eye, disorders of
Ocular examination
151–153
abbreviations and symbols used in
152
in diabetes patients
161
167
in elderly
51
52
glaucoma prevention and
161
Ocular hemorrhages
blood dyscrasias and
168
vitreous
164
Ocular hypertension See Intraocular hypertension
Ocular infections
drugs in management of
172
175–176
gonococcal
156
1432
principles of treatment of
172
Ocular medications
172–177
173–176
administration of
172
177
contaminated
177
for infection
172
175–176
preservatives in, toxic and hypersensitivity reactions to
177
P.1838
systemic effects of
177–178
toxic and hypersensitivity reactions to
177
Ocular motor palsies
170
in myasthenia gravis
1034
Ocular movements See Eye movements
Ocular muscular dystrophy
1036
Ocular pain
150
in acute angle-closure glaucoma
159
headache and
974
975
in optic neuritis
169
in ultraviolet keratitis
172
in uveitis
162
Ocular toxocariasis
1534–1535
1535
Ocular trauma
171–172
Oculocephalic reflex, in coma or stupor
1018
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
1036
Oculosympathetic paralysis See Horner's syndrome
Oculovestibular reflex, in coma or stupor
1018
Ocupress See Carteolol
Ocusert See Pilocarpine
Oddi, sphincter of, disorders of, in postcholecystectomy syndrome
688
Odontogenic infections See also Dental disorders
deep neck infections and
207
Odor, breath
in cyanide poisoning
1623
in diabetic ketoacidosis
1198
1228
in uremia
907
Odor identification/discrimination/threshold, disorders of
198
Odynophagia
564
in epiglottitis (supraglottitis)
209
in esophageal cancer
577
in infectious esophagitis
570
in peritonsillar abscess/cellulitis
206
in pharyngitis
205
Ofloxacin
1579
1580
1580
1581
cost of
1562
for ophthalmic disorders
175
for tuberculosis
1575
for urinary tract infection
939
Ogen See Estrogen vaginal creams
Ogilvie's syndrome
608–609
OKT3 See Muromonab-CD3
Olanzapine
1059
1060–1061
1060
1063
See also Antipsychotic drugsOld World cutaneous leishmaniasis
1480
1484
Olecranon bursitis
823
Olestra, diarrhea caused by
549
Olfactory dysfunction
198
Oligoclonal bands, in multiple sclerosis
1015
Oligodendroglioma
1000
Oligospermia
952
953
Oliguria
896
902
in acute tubular necrosis
904
in obstructive uropathy
926
Olmesartan
435
in combination products
435
Olopatadine, for ophthalmic disorders
175
Olsalazine, for inflammatory bowel disease
621
ulcerative colitis
630
Omalizumab
805
for asthma
234
Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, in heart disease prevention
340
Omeprazole
588
See also Proton pump inhibitorsfor peptic ulcer bleeding
592
Omsk hemorrhagic fever
1376
On-off phenomenon, with levodopa treatment of parkinsonism
1008
Onchocerca volvulus (onchocerciasis)
1527–1529
Oncocytoma, of kidney
970
Oncogenes
1641
Oncogenic osteomalacia
821
1159
Oncologic emergencies
1689–1692
Oncotype Dx assay
1642
1679
Ondansetron, for nausea and vomiting
540
540
1682
See also AntiemeticsOndine's curse (primary alveolar hypoventilation)
304–305
ONTAK See Denileukin diftitox
Onycholysis
145
Onychomycosis (tinea unguium)
145
146
ONYX-015, in cancer treatment
1701
Oophorectomy See also Menopause, surgical
androgen replacement therapy after
1188–1189
for breast cancer prevention/treatment
722
1643
1656–1657
for endometrial carcinoma
739
for endometriosis
741
estrogen replacement therapy after
761–762
for hirsutism/virilization
1171
for ovarian cancer prevention/treatment
743
746
1643
1656–1657
for pelvic inflammatory disease
743
Oophoritis, in mumps
1365
Open-angle glaucoma
160–162
See also GlaucomaOpen biopsy, for breast lump evaluation
711
712
712
See also Breast, biopsy ofOpening snap, in mitral stenosis
325
Operant conditioning See Behavior modification
Ophthalmic artery occlusion
991
See also Amaurosis fugaxOphthalmic medications See Ocular medications
Ophthalmocysticercosis
1511
1512
Ophthalmologic referrals
153
Ophthalmopathy, Graves' (dysthyroid eye disease)
170
1135
1137
1140
1141
Ophthalmoplegia, episodic vertigo in
190
Ophthalmoplegic migraine
975
Ophthalmoscopy
153
Opioids/opioid analgesics
74–79
77–78
See also specific agentaddiction and
73
1087
allergic reaction to
79
constipation caused by
79
81
for COPD
242
dependence and
73
1087
for diarrhea
546–547
551
in end-of-life care
73
double effect and
69
for myocardial infarction
360
nausea and vomiting caused by
79
with NSAIDs
78
overdose/abuse of
1086–1087
1611
1631
narcotic antagonists/naloxone for
1087
1611
respiratory acidosis caused by
893
during pregnancy
765
pseudo-addiction and
73
tolerance and
73
74
withdrawal and
17–18
1087
Opisthorchis felineus/viverrini (opisthorchiasis)
1506
cholangiocarcinoma and
692
1506
Opium, tincture of See Tincture of opium
Opportunistic infections
1288–1291
See also specific typein cancer patients
1004
1289
1694–1695
in HIV infection/AIDS
1289
CD4 T cell counts and
1321
1321
1346
1347
prevention of
1331–1333
1332
1346–1347
1346
treatment of
1334
1335–1336
molds causing
1547–1550
prevention of
1290
prevention of
1290–1291
1331–1333
1332
1694
in transplant patients
1289
Oprelvekin, for chemotherapy-induced toxicity
1671
1681
Optic atrophy, in pseudotumor cerebri
1005
Optic disk
cupping of, in chronic glaucoma
160
drusen of
169
examination of
153
swelling of
169
in optic neuritis
169
Optic nerve, compression of, in dysthyroid eye disease
170
1137
Optic neuritis
169
Optic neuropathy
anterior ischemic
169
in giant cell arteritis
169
846
OptiPranolol See Metipranolol
Optokinetic nystagmus
152
OPV (oral/Sabin polio vaccine)
1367
IPV booster and
1314
Oragrafin See Ipodate sodium
Oral allergy syndrome
793
Oral cavity
202–207
anaerobic flora of
1434
pneumonia/lung abscess and
255
1434
bullous pemphigoid involving
127
cancer of
202–203
candidiasis involving (thrush)
203
in HIV infection/AIDS
203
216–217
1322
1325–1326
1347
erythema multiforme involving
123
in HIV infection/AIDS
216–217
1325–1326
lichen planus involving
202–203
mucositis of
chemotherapy causing
1688
radiation causing
1600
pemphigus involving
126
ulcerative lesions of
204
in Beh et's syndrome
851
chemotherapy-induced
1683
in HIV infection/AIDS
216
1326
Oral contraceptives
751–754
751–752
753
for abnormal premenopausal bleeding
729
antibiotics affecting efficacy of
117
benzodiazepine interactions and
1046
breast cancer risk and
706
753
breast feeding and
753
cervical dysplasia/cancer and
753
contraindications/adverse effects of
752–753
753
depression associated with use of
753
1067
drug interactions and
752
for emergency contraception
757
for endometriosis
740
after gestational trophoblastic disease
774
hepatic adenoma associated with
683
753
for hirsutism/virilization
1172
for hormone replacement therapy
1186
hypertension and
424
753
lipid abnormalities associated with use of
1244
liver tumors and
683
753
melasma (chloasma) caused by
143
753
1100
nutrients affected by
1260
ovarian cancer prevention and
753
1643
1657
thrombophlebitis and
470
752–753
P.1839
Oral hypoglycemic agents See Antidiabetic agents, oral
Oral nutritional supplements
1280
Oral polio vaccine (OPV/Sabin vaccine)
1367
IPV booster and
1314
Oral provocation testing
794
Oramorph See Morphine
Orbital cellulitis
170–171
Orbital floor, blowout fracture of
171
Orchiectomy
for intra-abdominal testes
1102
for prostate cancer
966
966
for testicular cancer
972
Orchiopexy, infertility/testicular cancer risk and
971
1102
Orchitis
in filariasis
1522
mumps
1365
1366
Orellanine, Cortinarius mushroom poisoning and
1630
1630
Orf
1388
Organ of Corti, hearing loss caused by disorders of
180
Organ donation
85
See also TransplantationOrganic brain syndrome
1090–1094
1091
See also Cognitive disorders; Delirium; Dementiaalcoholic
1084
1086
Organic (alcoholic) hallucinosis
1084
1085–1086
1092
Organic personality syndrome
1092
Organophosphate poisoning
1611
1631–1632
nerve agents in chemical warfare and
1621–1622
seizures caused by
1610
Orgaran See Danaparoid
Orgasm
1052
loss of
951
1053
See also Sexual dysfunctionOrgasmic dysfunction
1053
Orientia tsutsugamushi
1392
1394
Orinase See Tolbutamide
Orlistat, for obesity
1099
1269
Ornithosis (psittacosis)
1441–1442
Orografin See Ipodate sodium
Oromandibular dystonia
1012
Oropharyngeal anthrax
1412
Oropharyngeal cancer
202–203
incidence/morality of
1640
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
564
564
See also DysphagiaOropharyngeal ulceration, in paracoccidioidomycosis
1546
Orphenadrine
1004
See also Antiparkinsonism drugsOrtho Dienestrol See Estrogen vaginal creams
Ortho-Prefest See Estrogens, with progestins
Orthodeoxia, in hepatopulmonary syndrome
673
Orthodromic tachycardia
374
Orthoiodohippurate scanning, in renal function evaluation
899
Orthopedic surgery
antibiotic prophylaxis for
47
for arthritis
863–864
venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism prevention and
286
287
Orthopedics See Musculoskeletal disorders
Orthopnea
218
in heart disease
313
Orthostatic (postural) hypotension
in diabetes mellitus
1198
dysautonomia (autonomic dysfunction) and
987
falls in elderly and
61
monoamine oxidase inhibitors causing
1073
in pheochromocytoma
1174
syncope and
384
tricyclic antidepressants causing
1071
Orthostatic proteinuria
896–897
Orudis See Ketoprofen
Oruvail See Ketoprofen
Osborn, J wave of, in hypothermia
1590
1590
OsCal (calcium carbonate) See Calcium, dietary/supplementary
Oseltamivir, for influenza treatment/prophylaxis
1353
1384
1586
Osler nodes, in endocarditis
1415
1416
Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, epistaxis in
199
Osler's sign
426
Osmolality
fecal/stool, in diarrhea
549
serum
865–866
in diabetic ketoacidosis
1229
in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
1231
1232
in hyponatremia
866
867
867
laboratory reference range (normal values) for
865–867
866
1741
urine
in acute renal failure
901
in hypernatremia
871
in hyponatremia
866
laboratory reference range (normal values) for
1741
Osmolar gap
866
872
1614
1614
calculation of
1614
in poisoning/drug overdose
872
1614
1614
alcohol toxicity and
872
1614
1614
isopropanol toxicity and
1614
1614
methanol or ethylene glycol toxicity and
872
1614
1614
1628
Osmolarity
866
Osmostat, reset, in syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
868
Osmotic diarrhea
548
549
See also DiarrheaOsmotic diuretics, lithium interactions and
1077
Osmotic gap
549
stool, in diarrhea evaluation
549
550
Osmotic laxatives
543–544
543
OspA antigen
in Lyme disease
1459
in Lyme disease vaccine
1461
OspB antigen, in Lyme disease
1459
Ossicular disruption, hearing loss and
180
187
Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone)
1161–1162
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
911
1150
Osteoarthritis
807–810
See also Arthritisacupuncture for
1725
1727
arthroplasty/joint replacement for
810
863
864
septic arthritis and
855
of cervical spine
816
exercise/activity in prevention/management of
12
810
glucosamine sulfate plus chondroitin for
810
1721–1722
1721
immobility in elderly and
60
rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from
809
828
S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for
1719
1721
Osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic pulmonary
222
862–863
rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from
829
Osteoclastoma (giant cell tumor of bone)
862
Osteodystrophy, renal
911
1150
1154
Osteogenesis imperfecta
1102
1155
Osteogenic sarcoma See Osteosarcoma
Osteoma
ear canal
183
osteoid
862
Osteomalacia
911
1158–1161
1159
in celiac disease
602
oncogenic
821
1159
Osteomyelitis
858–861
1555
acute pyogenic
858–859
candidal
859
in coccidioidomycosis
859–860
in drug users
858
1298
hematogenous
858
859
in histoplasmosis
860
mycotic infections causing
859–860
sinusitis and
196
of skull base, otogenic (malignant external otitis)
182–183
186
staphylococcal
1406–1407
in tuberculosis
860–861
vertebral
back pain and
817
epidural abscess and
859
1406
Osteonecrosis
863
Osteopenia, bone densitometry in screening for
1156
1156
Osteophytes
in ankylosing hyperostosis
853
in neck pain
815
in spinal stenosis
819
Osteoporosis
760
761
1102
1155–1158
1156
in celiac disease
602
circumscripta
1161
corticosteroid therapy and
625
1193
in hyperthyroidism
1137
pathologic fractures/bone pain in
1155
1156
postmenopausal
760
761
1155
prevention/treatment of
bisphosphonates in
625
761
1156–1157
calcitonin in
1157
calcium in
761
1157
milk-alkali syndrome and
879
chronic corticosteroid treatment and
1193
in Crohn's disease
625
in elderly
55
estrogen replacement therapy in
761
1156
exercise/activity and
1158
selective estrogen receptor modulators in
1157
1189
vitamin D in
761
1157
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
862
1665
Paget's disease of bone and
1162
Osteosclerosis
1151
Otalgia See Earache
Otic barotrauma
184
earache in
187
Otic drops
for external otitis
182
ototoxic, avoidance of with perforated tympanic membrane
188
Otitis
external
182
earache in
182
187
malignant (otogenic skull base osteomyelitis)
182–183
186
facial pain and
979
media
1556
acute
184–185
in HIV infection/AIDS
194
chronic
185–186
anaerobic
1434
P.1840
complications of
186
earache in
185
187
serous
183–184
in HIV infection/AIDS
194
nasopharyngeal carcinoma causing
184
Otoconia, vertigo associated with
191
Otogenic meningitis
186
Otogenic skull base osteomyelitis (malignant external otitis)
182–183
186
Otorrhea, in acute otitis media
185
Otosclerosis
186–187
hearing loss and
180
186
Ototoxicity
of aminoglycosides
1573
of cisplatin
1685
of erythromycin
1569
hearing loss and
188
Ouabain, overdose/toxicity of
1624
Outer surface protein A (OspA)
in Lyme disease
1459
in Lyme disease vaccine
1461
Outer surface protein B (OspB), in Lyme disease
1459
Ovarian ablation, for breast cancer
720
722
Ovarian failure
749
1183
1184–1185
Ovarian tumor antigen See CA 125
Ovarian tumors
743–746
744–745
cancer
743
744–745
1664
chemotherapy for
746
1664
estrogen replacement therapy and
1187–1188
1188
1645
genetic mutations associated with
743
1642–1643
See also BRCA1/BRCA2 geneshereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and
637
prevention and
1643
1656–1657
incidence/mortality/risk of
743
744–745
1640
paraneoplastic syndromes associated with
1696–1697
during pregnancy
783
prevention of
genetic risk factors and
1643
1656–1657
oral contraceptive use and
753
1657
screening for
743
1656
secondary malignancies and
1645
cysts
744
774
hirsutism/virilization caused by
1171
during pregnancy
783
secondary
745
thyroid hormone secreted by
1135
1142
Ovaries, polycystic (persistent anovulation) See Polycystic ovary syndrome
Over-the-counter drugs, use/abuse of
1090
in elderly
65–66
1094
Overflow incontinence
fecal
544
646
urinary
63
64
932
948
949
Overlap/mixed connective tissue disease
842
autoantibodies in
799
842
Overload proteinuria
897
Overuse syndromes
of knee
825
lateral and medial epicondylitis
824
Overweight
definition of
13
1098
1267
See also Obesityprevention of
13–14
Ovide See Malathion
Ovulation
awareness of
contraception based on
756–757
in infertility counseling
748
954
induction of, for infertility
749–750
1107
in persistent anovulation (polycystic ovary syndrome)
747
suppression of, for endometriosis
740
Ovulation bleeding
728
Oxacillin
1564
toxicity of
1565
Oxalate, in calcium nephrolithiasis
943
944
946
Oxalate crystals, in urine
935
Oxaliplatin
1666
1672
Oxamniquine, for schistosomiasis
1504
Oxaprozin
76
Oxazepam
1045
Oxazolidinones
1579
Oxcarbazepine
984
See also Anticonvulsant therapyfor bipolar disease/mania
1078
for seizures
983
984
Oxiconazole
89
Oximetry
223–224
in dyspnea evaluation
23
in nosocomial pneumonia
254
Oxistat See Oxiconazole
Oxitriptan, for myoclonus
1013
Oxolinic acid
1579
Oxycodone
74
78
breast feeding and
785
overdose/toxicity of
1631
Oxycontin See Oxycodone
Oxygen, partial pressure of See PaO2; PO2
Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve
223–224
224
Oxygen saturation See SaO2
Oxygen tension See PO2
Oxygen therapy
for acute high-altitude encephalopathy
1605
for acute high-altitude pulmonary edema
1604
for acute mountain sickness
1604
adverse ocular effects of
178
for ARDS
310
for asthma exacerbation
236
237
for carbon monoxide poisoning
293
1611
1621
for COPD
240–241
240
242
for decompression/dysbaric illness
1603
home
240–242
240
hyperbaric See Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
for near drowning
1602
perioperative, surgical site infection reduction and
48
for pulmonary edema
397–398
for pulmonary hypertension
292
411
for respiratory failure
308
for sleep apnea
306
transtracheal
241
Oxygen uptake, maximal (MVO2), lung cancer surgery and
270
Oxyhemoglobin saturation See SaO2
OxyIR See Oxycodone
Oxymetazoline
789
overdose/toxicity of
1623
Oxymorphone
78
Oxytocin deficiency
1110
Oysters, contaminated, vibrio infection caused by
1428
3P tumor suppressor gene, in thyroid cancer
1123
P16 gene, in pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma
700
p24 antigen assay, in blood screening
534