Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)

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Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

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P

P53 gene mutations

in cancer etiology

1641

breast cancer

706

gene therapy for cancer and

1700–1701

pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma

700

smoking and

5

1646

thyroid cancer

1123

1124

fecal DNA assay for

642

in hepatocellular carcinoma

682

P-450 aromatase deficiency, amenorrhea in

1183

P450 system/cytochrome P450

in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

1616

in autoimmune hepatitis

663

erythromycin affecting

1569

H2-receptor antagonists affecting

589

nefazodone affecting

1070

in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

667

protease inhibitors affecting

1340

St. John's wort affecting

1714

P450c11 deficiency

1170

1173

1183

P450c17 deficiency

1173

1183

P450c21 deficiency

1165

1170

1171

1183

P-glycoprotein, in chemotherapy drug resistance

1660

P wave, in differentiation of aberrantly conducted supraventricular beats from ventricular beats

372

PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid), sulfonamide mechanism of action and

1575

Pacemaker

permanent

383–384

biventricular (resynchronization), for cardiac failure

396

for cardiomyopathy

403

for refractory atrial fibrillation

377

for sick sinus syndrome

382

temporary, for infarct-associated conduction disturbances

362

Pacemaker syndrome

384

Packed red cells, transfusion of

533

autologous

533

Paclitaxel

719

723

1662

1674

neuropathy caused by

1683–1684

with trastuzumab

1667

PaCO2 See also PCO2

in asthma

228

exacerbation severity and

229

in near drowning

1602

1603

Paecilomyces, opportunistic infections caused by

1547

Paget-Schroetter syndrome

468

Paget's carcinoma of breast

713–715

nipple involvement and

107–108

713

Paget's disease, of bone

1161–1162

Pain

72–80

See also specific type, structure, or organ affected and Pain disorders; Pain syndromes

assessment scales for

72

72

cancer, evaluation of control of

1688

chronic

1049–1052

1051

acupuncture for

1724–1727

1725

drug therapy for See Pain management, pharmacologic

immobility in elderly and

60

neuropathic

79–80

79

1024

See also Neuropathies

nonpharmacologic interventions in

80

ocular See Ocular pain

otic See Earache

psychologic factors and (somatoform pain disorder)

1048

in reflex sympathetic dystrophy

467

822

response to, in coma or stupor

1017

P.1841

rest

in lower extremity occlusive disease

453

in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

462

in sickle cell anemia

493

in terminally ill/dying patient

72–80

72

Pain disorders See also Pain

chronic

1049–1052

1051

with psychologic factors (somatoform pain disorder)

1048

Pain management

72–80

72

73

75–76

77–78

79

See also specific disorder and Analgesia/analgesics

acupuncture for

1723

1724–1728

1725

1726

assessment scales and

72

72

for back pain

818–819

barriers to good care and

72–73

in cancer patients

1688

for chronic pain disorders

1050–1052

in elderly

65

nonpharmacologic

80

pharmacologic

74–80

acetaminophen/NSAIDs/COX-2 inhibitors

74

75–76

adjuvant

80

in elderly

65

for neuropathic pain

79–80

79

opioids

74–79

77–78

principles of

73

73

in terminally ill/dying patient

72–80

72

73

75–76

77–78

79

double effect and

69

Pain syndromes

815–826

See also specific type and Pain

acupuncture for

1723

1724–1727

1725

psychologic factors and

1048

Painful diabetic neuropathy

1223–1224

Painful intercourse See Dyspareunia

Painful subacute thyroiditis

1144

See also Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis

Palifermin, for chemotherapy-induced toxicity

1677

1688

Palilalia, in Tourette's syndrome

1013

Palindromic rheumatism

863

Palivizumab, for respiratory syncytial virus infection

1353

1382

Palladone See Hydromorphone

Palliative care institutions

71

See also End of life, provision of care during

Pallidotomy, for parkinsonism

1010

Pallor, in Raynaud's disease/phenomenon

464

465

Palmar erythema, in cirrhosis

669

Palmar fasciitis

cancer and

863

in Dupuytren's contracture

822

Palmaz stents, for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

Palms

tinea of

103–104

ulnar lesions at

1029

vesiculobullous dermatitis of (pompholyx)

111–112

Palonosetron

1682

Palpitations

in heart disease

313

in pheochromocytoma

1174

in pulmonary embolism

282

Palsies See specific type and Paralysis/palsies

Paludrine See Proguanil

2-PAM See Pralidoxime

Pamelor See Nortriptyline

Pamidronate See also Bisphosphonates

adverse ocular effects of

179

antitumor/antiangiogenic effects of

1671

for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/bone pain

1678

1688

for osteoporosis

1157

for Paget's disease of bone

1162

Panaeolus (hallucinogenic) mushroom poisoning

1629

1630

Panax

ginseng

1712

1717

quinquefolius

1717

Panbronchiolitis, diffuse

247

Pancreas

cancer of

699–701

1664

chronic pancreatitis and

698

gastrointestinal bleeding and

552

incidence/mortality of

1640

diseases of

693–701

See also specific type and Diabetes mellitus; Pancreatitis

dyspepsia and

536

vomiting and

539

divisum

694

functioning/neuroendocrine tumors of

1178–1179

hypoglycemia caused by

1178

1234–1237

1234

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1191

pseudocysts of

694

696

transplantation of, for diabetes mellitus

1216

Pancreatectomy

699

hyperglycemia and

1201

Pancreatic abscess

696

697

Pancreatic ascites

563

696

Pancreatic cholera

1692

Pancreatic duct, calculus formation in (pancreaticolithiasis), in chronic pancreatitis

698

Pancreatic enzyme supplements

698

699

Pancreatic insufficiency

601

698

Pancreatic islet cell tumors

1178–1179

hypoglycemia caused by

1178

1234–1237

1234

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1178

1179

1191

1234

1237

Pancreatic islets

1178

See also B cells

hyperplasia of, persistent (noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome)

1237

transplantation of, for diabetes

1216

Pancreatic polypeptide, F cells secreting

1178

Pancreatic pseudocysts

694

696

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitory (PSTI)

gene, in chronic pancreatitis

698

Pancreaticocholangitis, sclerosing

691

Pancreaticoduodenal resection, for pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma

701

Pancreaticojejunostomy, for chronic pancreatitis

699

Pancreaticolithiasis, in chronic pancreatitis

698

Pancreatitis

acute

693–697

695

ascites in

563

696

autoimmune

697

699

biliary

694

in burn injury

1596

chronic

697–699

didanosine therapy and

1339

hereditary

697

hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism and

1151

hyperglycemia in

1201

hypertriglyceridemia and

695

1252

hypocalcemia in

694–695

696

878

in mumps

1365

1366

pleural effusion in

301

sclerosing cholangitis and

691

tropical

697

Pancytopenia

497–498

498

in acute leukemia

508

in aplastic anemia

497

in hairy cell leukemia

512

Panencephalitis, subacute sclerosing

1363

myoclonus in

1012

Panhypergammaglobulinemia See Hypergammaglobulinemia

Panhypogammaglobulinemia See Hypogammaglobulinemia

Panhypopituitarism

1105

Panic disorders/panic attacks

1043–1044

1046

dyspnea in

218

1043

seizures differentiated from

982

1043

sleep

1043

suicide risk and

1043

Panniculitis

lupus

137

sclerosing

125

septal, in erythema nodosum

137

Pannus

in rheumatoid arthritis

827

in trachoma

156

Pantoprazole

588

See also Proton pump inhibitors

Pantothenic acid, dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

Panuveitis

162

See also Uveitis

PaO2 See also PO2

altitude affecting

224

224

in ARDS

310

in asthma, exacerbation severity and

229

237

home oxygen therapy and

240

in near drowning

1602

relationship of to oxygen saturation

223–224

224

in smoke inhalation

293

Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear)

15

16

734–735

734

1655

anal, in HIV infection/AIDS

1329

in cancer screening

15

16

1655

in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

734–735

734

1655

in endometrial carcinoma

738

for HPV screening

1655

for rape victim

759

Papaverine, in erectile dysfunction

951

1224

Papillary muscle dysfunction/rupture, in myocardial infarction

364

mitral valve regurgitation and

331

Papillary stenosis, in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

Papilledema

169

in pseudotumor cerebri

1005

Papillitis, in optic neuritis

169

Papillomas

eyelid

154

inverted

200

laryngeal

209–210

Papillomaviruses See Human papillomavirus

PAPP-A See Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A

Papular urticaria

121

bedbugs causing

136

Papules

92

127–131

violaceous to purple

131–132

Paracentesis See also Ascitic fluid analysis/examination

in ascites

559–560

in cirrhosis

670

670–671

P.1842

Paracetamol See also Acetaminophen

in analgesic nephropathy

926

Parachute mitral valve

325

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (paracoccidioidomycosis/South American blastomycosis)

1546

Paradoxic aciduria, in saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis

891

Paradoxic embolism

in atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale

321

in transient ischemic attacks

988

Paradoxic pulse See Pulsus paradoxus

Paradoxic sleep

1078

Paradoxic splitting, of second heart sound

315

See also Heart sounds

Paragangliomas

1174

1175

1177

Paraganglionomas (carotid body tumors)

458

Paragonimus skrjabini/szechuanensis/westermani (paragonimiasis)

1506–1508

Parainfluenzaviruses

1382

Paralysis agitans (idiopathic Parkinson's disease)

1007

See also Parkinsonism

Paralysis/palsies

988

See also specific type or structure affected

acute flaccid

enterovirus 71 causing

1390–1391

poliomyelitis causing

1367

in conversion disorder

1048

in motor neuron diseases

988

1022

ocular motor

170

in myasthenia gravis

1034

periodic See Periodic paralysis

in poliomyelitis

1366

1367

in porphyria

1703

progressive supranuclear, parkinsonism differentiated from

1008

in rabies

1370

sleep, in narcolepsy

1080

spinal cord infarction causing

999

spinal trauma causing

1021

stroke causing

991

993

995

996

in tick-borne encephalitis

1380

Paralytic (adynamic) ileus

607–608

vincristine therapy and

1684

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

1635

1635

Paramalignant pleural effusion

302

Paramyxovirus respiratory infections

1381–1382

Paranasal sinuses

194–202

granulomatous disease of

201

in HIV infection/AIDS

217

1323–1324

infections of

194–197

See also Rhinitis; Sinusitis

malignant tumors of

201

sinusitis and

196

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration

1005

1696

Paraneoplastic pemphigus

126

Paraneoplastic syndromes

1695–1698

1696–1697

hypercalcemia and

879

1696

in lung cancer

267–268

1696–1697

neurologic disorders and

1004–1005

1695–1698

in renal cell carcinoma

970

1696–1697

Paranoid personality disorder

1055

Paranoid schizophrenia

1057

delusions and

1057

1057–1058

Paraparesis, tropical spastic (HTLV-associated myelopathy)

1016

1375–1376

Paraphilias

1052–1053

1053–1054

Paraphimosis

933

Paraplegia See also Paralysis

spinal cord infarction causing

999

spinal trauma causing

1021

Parapneumonic pleural effusion

301

301

302

in pneumococcal pneumonia

1403

1404

Paraproteins

in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

510

in myeloma

515

516

neuropathy associated with

1025

in Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia

517

518

Paraquat poisoning

1631

Parasitic infections

diarrhea in

549

stool analysis for

546

550

dyspepsia in

536

sulfonamides for

1575–1576

Parasomnias

1080–1081

Parasternal lift

315

in pulmonary stenosis

318

Parathar See Teriparatide

Parathion poisoning

1631–1632

Parathyroid gland

disorders of

1146–1155

See also Hyperparathyroidism; Hypoparathyroidism

adenoma/hyperplasia

1149–1150

1151

1153

1154

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1150

1191

1192

carcinoma

1150

1153

1154

thyroid surgery affecting

1125

1126

1140

1147

transplantation of tissue from, for hypoparathyroidism/tetany

1148

Parathyroid hormone

1146

calcium balance/imbalance and

877

1146

deficiency of See Hypoparathyroidism

hypersecretion of See Hyperparathyroidism

laboratory reference range for

1741

magnesium imbalances and

883

phosphate balance/imbalances and

880

882

1146

renal resistance to, in pseudohypoparathyroidism

1147

in uremic encephalopathy

910

in urinary stone disease

944

944

1149

Parathyroid hormone analog, for osteoporosis

1157–1158

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

in cancer-related hypercalcemia

879

1152

1690

in hypophosphatemia

882

Parathyroidectomy

1153

Paravaccinia

1388

Parenchymal cysts, in cysticercosis

1510

1512

Parenchymal lung disease

diffuse

275–280

275

See also specific disorder and Interstitial lung disease

mechanical ventilation causing

308

respiratory failure caused by

307

Parenteral fluids See Fluid management/hydration

Parenteral nutritional support

1281

See also Nutritional support

acidosis and

887

890

1284

in burn injury

1598

complications of

1284–1285

1284

for Crohn's disease

625

electrolyte/mineral requirements and

1282

in HIV infection/AIDS

1322

patient monitoring during

1285

solutions for

1283–1284

1284

Paresis (general) See also Weakness

in syphilis

1444

1451

Paresthesias

988

in diabetes mellitus

1198

malabsorption and

600

in thoracic outlet syndrome

467

816

Paricalcitol, for hyperparathyroidism

1154

Parietal lobe lesions

1001

Parkinsonism

1004

1007–1010

drug-induced

1007

1013

1064

Parkinson's disease, idiopathic (paralysis agitans) See also Parkinsonism

Parkland formula, for fluid resuscitation in burns

1596

1597

Parnate See Tranylcypromine

Paromomycin (aminosidine)

1572

1573–1574

adverse effects of

1472

for amebiasis

1470

1471

for giardiasis

1480

for leishmaniasis

1482

Paronychia

138

139

Parotid glands

207

See also Salivary glands

cysts of, in HIV infection/AIDS

217

in mumps

1365

sialadenitis affecting

208

tumors of

208

Parotitis, in mumps

1365

Paroxetine

1070

1072

See also Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors

adverse ocular effects of

178

overdose toxicity of, seizures/serotonin syndrome caused by

1637

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

377

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, in heart disease

313

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491–492

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

372–374

pregnancy and

416

Pars planitis (intermediate uveitis)

162

See also Uveitis

Partial mole

773

See also Gestational trophoblastic disease

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide See PCO2

Partial pressure of oxygen See PaO2; PO2

Partial (focal) seizures

980–981

981

982

984

See also Seizures

intracranial mass lesions causing

980

schizophrenia differentiated from

1058

transient ischemic attack differentiated from

982

989–990

Partial status epilepticus

986

Partial-thickness burn

1595

Partial thromboplastin time/activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT/aPTT)

in heparin therapy monitoring

287

laboratory reference range for

1741

prolonged

524

529

acquired factor VIII antibodies causing

527

in factor XI deficiency

528

in hemophilia A

526

in hemophilia B

528

lupus anticoagulant causing

532

in vitamin K deficiency

529

in von Willebrand's disease

524

Particle agglutination test (TPPA), for syphilis

1445

Partner abuse (domestic violence)

1081

1082

prevention of

16–17

Parvovirus B19 infection

1387

arthritis in

858

1387

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

829

erythema infectiosum and

1355

1387

during pregnancy

1387

PAS See Aminosalicylic acid

P.1843

Passive smoking (environmental tobacco smoke)

COPD and

238

health hazards of

5

asthma

227

cancer

5

267

during pregnancy

765

Pasteurella multocida, in bite infections

1296

Patanol See Olopatadine

Patch testing, in allergic contact dermatitis

114

Patellar tendinitis

825

Patellofemoral syndrome

824–825

Patent ductus arteriosus

324–325

Patent foramen ovale

320–322

Paternal age See Age/aging, paternal

Pathologic fractures

endocrine causes of

1102

in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism

1151

malabsorption and

600

in osteoporosis

1155

1156

in renal osteodystrophy

911

Patient approach

1–19

Patient compliance/noncompliance See Compliance/noncompliance

Patient–doctor relationship See Doctor–patient relationship

Patient education

acne and

116

asthma management and

230

compliance and

1–2

cystic fibrosis management and

245

diabetes and

1217

HIV infection/AIDS prevention and

4

1319

1331

rheumatoid arthritis management and

829

Patient Health Questionnaire

1040

Patient surrogate, Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care designating

70

Pattern baldness

144

in women

144

1170

1172

Patulous auditory tube

183

Pauci-immune (ANCA-associated) glomerulonephritis

799

905

905–906

916

918

Pavor nocturnus (sleep terror)

1080

PAX-4 (Arg133Trp) mutation, in idiopathic type 1 diabetes mellitus

1196

Paxil See Paroxetine

Pb See Lead

PBG See Porphobilinogen

PBI See Penile-brachial index

PC-SPES, for prostate cancer

1702

PCEC (purified chick embryo cell culture) rabies vaccine

1314

PCI See Percutaneous coronary intervention

PCO2

885

See also PaCO2

in acid-base disorders

885

886

laboratory reference range for

1736

in metabolic acidosis

886

in metabolic alkalosis

886

892

in respiratory acidosis

886

893

in respiratory alkalosis

886

893

894

in respiratory failure

307

PCOS See Polycystic ovary syndrome

PCP See Phencyclidine

PCR See Polymerase chain reaction

PCV (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) See Pneumococcal vaccine

PCWP See Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

PDGF See Platelet-derived growth factor

PDT See Photodynamic therapy

Pea soup diarrhea, in enteric (typhoid) fever

1425

Peace pill

1088

See also Phencyclidine

Peak expiratory flow (PEF), in asthma

227

228

exacerbation management and

236

237

exacerbation severity and

229

Pediculosis

135–136

See also Lice

Pediculus humanus

var capitis

135

var corporis

135

Pedophilia

1052

intrafamilial (incest)

1052

PEEP See Positive end-expiratory pressure

Peer support groups See Support groups

PEF See Peak expiratory flow

PEG See Polyethylene glycol

Pegasys See Peginterferon

Pegfilgrastim

for chemotherapy-induced toxicity

1671

1678

1680

for infection in cancer/immunocompromised host

1694

Peginterferon, for hepatitis

660

661–662

1588

Pegintron See Peginterferon

Pegvisomant, for acromegaly/gigantism

1112

Pelger-Huet cells

507

Peliosis hepatis

1434

drugs/toxins causing

666

Pellagra

1274

Pelvic abscess

anaerobic

1435

in appendicitis

613

Pelvic appendicitis

613

Pelvic examination

934

in prenatal care

764

765

in rape victim

759

Pelvic floor disorders

constipation and

542

urinary incontinence and

948

See also Stress incontinence

uterine prolapse

741

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/pelvic infection

741–743

1557

See also Endometritis; Salpingitis

actinomycetes causing

1436

anaerobes causing

1435

1557

chlamydial

741

742

1441

1554

1557

gonococcal

741

742

1432

1433

1557

in HIV infection/AIDS

1329

IUDs and

742

755

painful intercourse and

747

748

Pelvic muscle (Kegel) exercises

for fecal incontinence

646

647

for urinary incontinence

63

Pelvic pain

in dysmenorrhea

731

in ectopic pregnancy

770

in endometriosis

740

in pelvic inflammatory disease

742

Pemberton's sign

1120

Pemetrexed

1666

1672

Pemphigoid, bullous

127

Pemphigoid (herpes) gestationis

127

Pemphigus

125–126

foliaceus/erythematosus

126

paraneoplastic

126

vulgaris/vegetans

126

HLA in

801

Pen injectors, for insulin administration

1216

Penbutolol

432

Penciclovir, for herpes simplex infections

109

1351

1353

Penetration, ulcer

587

594

back pain and

817

Penicillamine

adverse ocular effects of

179

for Wilson's disease

678

Penicillin

1560–1565

See also specific disorder used in

adverse effects of

1564–1565

allergy to

1564–1565

cross-reactivity and

1315–1316

with cephalosporins

1316

testing/desensitization treatment for

793

1315–1316

1564–1565

for anthrax prophylaxis/treatment

1412

1412

with b-lactamase inhibitors

1564

cost of

1561

1563

for endocarditis prophylaxis

1417–1418

1418

1418

extended-spectrum

1563–1564

for group B streptococcal infection prophylaxis in pregnancy

766

for Lyme disease

1461

1461

natural forms of

1560–1563

nutrients affected by

1260

penicillinase-resistant

1564

for pharyngitis

205–206

1401

for pneumonia

256

resistance to

1560

in pneumococcal infections

252

1404

1405

for rheumatic fever prophylaxis/treatment

406

1401

for syphilis

1446

1447

1448

1449

1451

1452

1563

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

toxicity of

1565

Penicillin-binding proteins

1560

Penicillinases (β-lactamases)

1560

penicillins combined with inhibitors of

1564

penicillins resistant to

1564

staphylococcal

1552

Penicillium marneffei infections

1546–1547

Penile-brachial index

453

Penile discharge See Urethral discharge

Penile pain

931

in epididymitis

933

Penile prostheses

952

Penile tumescence testing, nocturnal

951

Penis, examination of

933

Penlac See Ciclopirox

Pentamidine

1581–1582

for African trypanosomiasis

1464

1465

hypoglycemia caused by

1239

1542

for leishmaniasis

1481

1482

1483

1484

for Pneumocystis jiroveci infection chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1290

1335

1346

1347

1542

pneumothorax and

303

prophylactic

1290

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

Pentasa See Mesalamine

Pentazocine

74

Pentostam See Stibogluconate

Pentoxifylline, for alcoholic liver disease

665

PEP See Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy

Peptic stricture of esophagus

567

dysphagia in

564

567

Peptic ulcer disease

586–591

back pain and

817

complications of

592–595

prevention of

590–591

dyspepsia in

536

587

gastric cancer and

591

598

gastric outlet obstruction and

594

gastrointestinal bleeding in

551

592–593

P.1844

Helicobacter pylori-associated

584

586

588

589

NSAID-induced

586–587

589–591

590

830

pharmacologic/medical management of

588–591

590

refractory

591

gastric cancer and

591

598

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) and

591

595

silent

587

gastrointestinal bleeding and

592

ulcer penetration and

587

594

ulcer perforation and

587

593–594

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma) and

591

595

1178

Peptide hormone inhibitors, for cancer chemotherapy

1674

Peptide T-20 (enfuvirtide)

1338

1342

See also Antiretroviral therapy

Peptidoglycans, penicillin action/resistance and

1560

Pepto-Bismol See Bismuth compounds

Peptostreptococci

1434

pneumonia caused by

255

1434

Perception of light (visual acuity)

151

Perceptual distortions

in delirium

1092

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1058

Percocet See Oxycodone

Percodan See Oxycodone

Percussion See Chest percussion

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

330–331

for acute coronary syndromes

354

354

for angina

330–331

for myocardial infarction

360

prophylactic/preoperative

38

39

415

Percutaneous dilation tracheotomy

213

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), in liver disease/jaundice

652

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)/stenting See also Percutaneous coronary intervention; Stents/stent grafts (“covered stents”), intracoronary

for angina

350–351

CABG compared with

351

for myocardial infarction

360

366

prophylactic/preoperative

38

39

415

Percutaneous valvuloplasty See Valvuloplasty

Perennial rhinitis

197

Perforation

in appendicitis

613

of colonic diverticula (diverticulitis)

632–633

ulcer

587

593–594

Performance anxiety

1044

1046

Performance status, cancer treatment response evaluated by

1688–1689

Perfusion scans

lung See Ventilation/perfusion scans

myocardial, in angina

345

Pergolide, for parkinsonism

1009

Pergonal See Menotropins

Periampullary carcinoma

699–701

Perianal cellophane tape test

for enterobiasis/pinworm infection diagnosis

1521

for T saginata diagnosis

1509

Perianal disease See also Anorectal disorders

abscesses and fistulas

647

in Crohn's disease

623

624

hematoma, thrombosed hemorrhoid causing

645

Perianal pruritus

133–134

648

in enterobiasis/pinworm infection

1521

Pericardial effusions

409

in Kawasaki syndrome

1399

malignant

408

1692–1694

in pneumococcal pneumonia

1404

Pericardial friction rub

in myocardial infarction

364

in pericardial effusion

409

in pericarditis

407

Pericardial tamponade See Tamponade

Pericardiectomy/pericardial window

for malignant effusions/neoplastic pericarditis

408

1694

for pneumococcal pericardial effusion

1404

for uremic pericarditis

408

Pericardiocentesis, for pericardial effusion/tamponade

409

414

Pericarditis

acute

407

bacterial

408

in chronic renal failure

408

909–910

constrictive

409–410

restrictive cardiomyopathy differentiated from

404

410

coxsackieviruses causing

407

1390

inflammatory

407–409

in myocardial infarction

364

neoplastic

408

pneumococcal

1403

1404

postmyocardial infarction/postcardiotomy (Dressler's syndrome)

364

408

radiation

408

1600

in systemic lupus erythematosus

413

834

tuberculous

407–408

uremic

408

909–910

viral

407

Pericardium, diseases of

407–410

in systemic lupus erythematosus

413

834

Perichondritis

181

Perihepatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and (Fitz-Hugh and Curtis syndrome)

742

Peri-infectious glomerulonephritis

915

916

Perilymphatic fistula

184

191

Perindopril

434

Periocular pain See Ocular pain

Periodic breathing See Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Periodic leg movements of sleep

1013

Periodic paralysis

1037

hyperkalemic

874

1037

hypokalemic

874

1037

in hyperthyroidism

1137

1138

1142–1143

normokalemic

1037

Periodontal disease

anaerobic

1434

pneumonia and

255

1434

in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

Perioral dermatitis

115

118

Peripartum cardiomyopathy

417

778

Peripheral artery aneurysms

449–450

Peripheral nerve tumors, mononeuropathy caused by

1028

Peripheral neuropathies See also specific type and Neuropathies

Peripheral pulses See Pulses

Peripheral stem cells, for transplantation

802

Peripheral vascular disease See Vascular disorders

Peripheral vein nutritional support

1281

See also Nutritional support

solutions for

1283

Peristalsis, disorders of See Motility disorders

Peritoneal carcinomatosis

562

Peritoneal cystadenocarcinoma, after prophylactic oophorectomy

1656

Peritoneal dialysis

912–913

See also Dialysis

for hyperkalemia

876

877

in older adult

930

for poisoning/drug overdose

1613

for renal failure

912–913

coagulopathy and

910

for rewarming in hypothermia

1591

Peritoneal effusions, malignant

1692–1694

Peritoneovenous shunts, for cirrhotic ascites

671

Peritoneum

diseases of

558–563

559

See also specific type and Ascites

mesothelioma arising in

273

563

Peritonitis

1555

ascitic fluid analysis in

561

dialysis and

912–913

diverticulitis and

632

in familial Mediterranean fever

563

peptic ulcer perforation and

593

perforated appendicitis and

613

secondary bacterial

561

spontaneous bacterial

559

560–562

in cirrhosis

560

671

tuberculous

562

Peritonsillar abscess/cellulitis

206

anaerobic

1434

Permanent pacing See Pacemaker, permanent

Permethrin

for pediculosis

135

for scabies

134

135

Permissive hypercapnia

308

for asthma

237

Permitil See Fluphenazine

Pernicious anemia

487

488

carcinoid tumors and

585

599

gastritis and

487

585

subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord and

1016

1017

Pernicious vomiting of pregnancy

767

Peroneal nerve, common, injury to

1029

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-g), thiazolidinediones affecting

1210

Perphenazine

1059

1060

1060

Persistent anovulation See Polycystic ovary syndrome

Persistent islet hyperplasia (noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemic syndrome)

1237

Persistent vegetative state

1019

Personal relationships, social issues for terminally ill/dying patient and

83

83

Personality assessment, MMPI-2 in

1040

Personality changes

due to general medical condition (organic personality syndrome)

1092

in syphilis

1451

Personality disorders

1054–1056

1055

Pertussis (whooping cough)

1420

prevention of

1420

See also Pertussis vaccine, with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP/DTaP)

Pertussis vaccine, with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP/DTaP)

1304

1305–1306

1409

1414

1420

Pessary

for genital prolapse

741

for uterine prolapse

741

Pesticide poisoning

chlorinated agents

1622

cholinesterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases)

1631–1632

paraquat

1631

PET See Positron emission tomography

P.1845

Petit mal (absence) seizures

981

981

985

See also Seizures

Petit mal (absence) status epilepticus

986

Petroleum products, toxicity/abuse of

1090

1632–1633

1633

aspiration and

294

1632

1633

Petrous apicitis

186

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

636

gynecomastia in

1100

pigmentation disorders in

1100

Peyer's patches, in enteric (typhoid) fever

1425

Peyronie's disease

822

penile pain in

931

PF4 See Platelet factor 4

PFO See Patent foramen ovale

PGA See Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome

PGI2 See Prostacyclin

pH

885

in acid-base disorders

885

889

See also specific type

in alcoholic ketoacidosis

888

arterial blood

885

in diabetic ketoacidosis

887

1228

esophageal

monitoring

565

in chronic aspiration of gastric contents

294

in gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux

210

gastric

nosocomial pneumonia and

253

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma

595

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

885

1741

in lactic acidosis

1233

in metabolic alkalosis

891

892

in near drowning

1602

pharyngeal, monitoring, in gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux

210

pleural fluid, in parapneumonic effusion

301

in renal failure

909

in respiratory acidosis

893

in respiratory alkalosis

893

894

urine

934

cystine calculi and

946

in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

889

890

in renal tubular acidosis

889

stone disease and

944–945

struvite calculi and

946

uric acid calculi and

930

945

946

vaginal

731

venous blood

885

Phaeohyphomycosis

1550

Phalen's sign

821

Pharmaceuticals See under Drug

Pharmacotherapy See also under Drug

in elderly

49

64–66

Pharyngeal dysphagia

564

See also Dysphagia

Pharyngeal pH monitoring, in gastroesophageal/laryngopharyngeal reflux

210

Pharyngitis

204–206

1556

antibiotics for

205–206

in diphtheria

205

1413

in epiglottitis

209

gonococcal

1432

in mononucleosis

205

1358

1359

nonstreptococcal exudative (adenovirus)

1386

in peritonsillar abscess and cellulitis

206

streptococcal

204–206

1400–1401

1556

glomerulonephritis and

915

1400

rheumatic fever after

405

1400

1401

Pharyngoconjunctival fever

156

1386

Pharynx

202–207

in HIV infection/AIDS

216–217

radiation affecting

1600

Phenacetin, in analgesic nephropathy

926

Phenazopyridine, for cystitis

34

Phencyclidine

1088

1627

aggressive/violent/psychotic behavior caused by

1058

1081

1088

Phenelzine

1072

overdose/toxicity of

1629

Phenindione, breast feeding and

785

Phenmetrazine, overdose/abuse of

1089

Phenobarbital

984

1045

for anxiety

1045

1046

breast feeding and

786

monitoring concentrations of

1734

nutrients affected by

1260

overdose/toxicity of

1624

hemodialysis for

1613

for seizures

983

984

during pregnancy

780

status epilepticus and

986

Phenolphthalein

for constipation, removal of from market

544

nutrients affected by

1260

Phenothiazines

1059

1059

1060

1060

See also Antipsychotic drugs

adverse ocular effects of

178

lupus anticoagulant associated with

532

overdose/toxicity of

1060

1633

Phenotypic resistance testing, in antiretroviral therapy

1344–1345

1344

1345

Phenoxybenzamine, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

958

959

Phentermine, for obesity

1269

D-Phenylalanine derivative, for diabetes mellitus

1207

1209

Phenylbutazone

adverse ocular effects of

179

lithium interactions and

1077

Phenylephrine

789

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), epinephrine deficiency and

1105

Phenylpropanolamine

in OTC medications, abuse of

1090

removal of from market

1618

Phenytoin

984

adverse ocular effects of

178

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for arrhythmias

369

monitoring concentrations of

1734

nutrients affected by

1260

overdose/toxicity of

1619

for seizures

983

984

status epilepticus and

986

Pheochromocytoma

1174–1178

headache in

32

1174

hypertension in

423–424

425

1174

1176

1177

mental status changes caused by

1103

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1150

1174

1175

1192

orthostatic changes in blood pressure and

424

PHEX endopeptidase mutation, in osteomalacia/rickets

1159

Philadelphia chromosome

504

Phimosis

933

in chancroid

1433

Phlebitis See Thrombophlebitis

Phlebotomus, leishmaniasis transmitted by

1480

Phlebotomy

for hemochromatosis

677

for polycythemia

501

for polycythemia-related pulmonary hypertension

292

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens/phlegmasia alba dolens

471

Phlegmonous (necrotizing) gastritis

585

Phobic disorder

1044

1046–1047

Phonic tics, in Tourette's syndrome

1013

Phoria (latent deviation)

152

Phosphate See Phosphorus/phosphate

Phosphate crystals, in urine

935

Phosphate enema

543

Phosphatidylinositol class A (PICA) gene defect, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491

Phosphatonin (fibroblast growth factor 23/FGF-23)

880

881

882

in oncogenic osteomalacia

1159

in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets

874

1159

Phosphaturia, osteomalacia and

1159

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

for asthma

231–234

236

for erectile dysfunction

952

1054

1224

Phosphofructokinase, muscle, deficiency of

1102

Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency

1102

Phosphorus/phosphate

880

1259

in calcium nephrolithiasis/hypercalciuria

943

944

945

deficiency of

1259

See also Hypophosphatemia

in osteomalacia/rickets

874

1159–1160

dietary/supplementary

1259

for diabetic ketoacidosis

1230–1231

for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

1232

for hypophosphatemia

882

1161

for osteomalacia

1161

requirements for

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

in nutritional support

1282

restriction of in renal failure

912

disorders of concentration/metabolism of

880–883

See also Hyperphosphatemia; Hypophosphatemia

genetic disorders associated with

874

in renal failure

911

1150

in hypocalcemia

878

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

866

1741

parathyroid hormone affecting

880

1151

urinary excretion of

881

Photoallergy

139–140

Photocoagulation, for diabetic retinopathy

167

1221

Photodermatitis/photosensitivity

92

139–140

drugs causing

140

147

tetracyclines

1571

in lupus erythematosus

105

140

835

835

Photodynamic therapy

for age-related macular degeneration

165

for esophageal cancer palliation

578

Photophobia

150

in ultraviolet keratitis

172

Photopsia (flashing lights)

151

in migraine headache

975

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

153

Photoresection See Nd:YAG laser photoresection

Photosensitivity See Photodermatitis/photosensitivity

Phototherapy

for major depression with seasonal onset

1074

for psoriasis

98

P.1846

Phototoxicity

139–140

Berloque hyperpigmentation caused by

143

Phthirus pubis

135

Phycomycosis (mucormycosis)

1545

rhinocerebral

197

Phyllodes tumor of breast

703

Physical abuse See Abuse

Physical activity See Exercise/activity

Physical agents, disorders caused by

1589–1606

burn injury

1595–1599

1595

cold causing

1589–1592

drowning

1601–1603

electric shock causing

1599

heat (hot environment) causing

1592–1595

radiation causing

1599–1601

Physical examination See also specific disorder

in poisoning/drug overdose

1613–1614

Physical inactivity, prevention of

12–13

Physical instability See Falls; Gait/gait disorders

Physical therapy

for complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

467

822

for rheumatoid arthritis

829

for spasticity

1016

for stroke patient

994

Physician

homeopathic

1730

relationship of with patient See Doctor–patient relationship

role of

in end-of-life care

68

68

in smoking cessation

7

8

Physician-assisted suicide

69

Physiologic drug dependence

1082

Physostigmine

for anticholinergic-type mushroom poisoning

1630

for atropine/anticholinergic overdose

1611

1620

1627

Phytanic acid metabolism, in Refsum's disease

1024

Phytoestrogens

1189

cancer prevention and

1647

Phytonadione

for anticoagulant overdose

1619

for hypoprothrombinemia, n cirrhosis

673

Phytotherapy, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960

Pica, in iron deficiency anemia

482

PICA gene defect, in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

491

Pick's disease

56

1092

Pickwickian syndrome (obesity-hypoventilation syndrome)

305

PID See Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/pelvic infection

Piebaldism

143

PIF See Dopamine; Prolactin inhibitory factor

Pigeon-breeder's disease (bird-fancier's lung)

296

Pigmentary skin disorders

142–144

See also Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation; Pigmented skin lesions

drugs causing

143

148–149

endocrine causes of

1100

Pigmented skin lesions

92–94

92

143

See also specific type

Pill-induced esophagitis

571

Pilocarpine

for chemotherapy/radiation-induced toxicity

1677

1683

for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173

Pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test, in cystic fibrosis

245

Pilopine See Pilocarpine

Pimecrolimus

88

T-cell lymphoma and

96

Pimozide, for Tourette's syndrome

1014

Pindolol

432

Pineal tumor

1000

Pinguecula

157–158

Pingueculitis

158

Pink puffers

238

239

Pinta

1453–1454

Pinworm infection (enterobiasis/oxyuriasis)

1521–1522

Pioglitazone

1208

1210–1211

Piper methysticum (kava)

1712

1716–1717

Piperacillin

1563

1564

cost of

1561

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

Piperacillin-tazobactam

1564

cost of

1561

therapy adjustments in renal or hepatic failure and

1559

Piperazine, for ascariasis

1519

Pipracil See Piperacillin

Pirbuterol, for asthma

235

Piroxicam

76

Pit viper envenomation

1635–1636

Pitting (nail)

145

in psoriasis

97

145

Pituitary adenoma

999

1104

ACTH-secreting

1167

1168–1169

growth hormone-secreting

1110

1111

hypopituitarism caused by

1104

in multiple endocrine neoplasia

1104

1110

1113

1150

1191

prolactin-secreting

1113

1114

1114–1115

surgical resection/removal of

1106

1107

1111

1112

1115

1169

thyroid-stimulating hormone secreting

1135–1136

1138

Pituitary gland

disorders of

1103–1115

amenorrhea caused by

1183

1184

hormones produced by

1103

deficiency of

anterior hypopituitarism

1104–1108

posterior hypopituitarism

1108–1110

thyroid hormones affecting

1115

hyperplasia of, thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion and

1136

hypothalamic regulation and

1103–1104

tumors of

1104

See also Pituitary adenoma

Pityriasis

alba, in atopic dermatitis

95

rosea

99–100

drugs causing eruptions similar to

149

rubra pilaris

107

versicolor (tinea versicolor)

104

“Pizza-pie” retinopathy, in cytomegalovirus infection

1360

PKD1/PKD2 gene mutations

928

Placental disorders, third-trimester bleeding caused by

774

775

Plague

1430–1431

1553

Plague vaccine

1314

1431

Plakoglobin, in pemphigus vulgaris

125

Plan B, for emergency contraception

757

Plantar fasciitis

826

Plantar fibromatosis, Dupuytren's contracture and

822

Plantar hyperkeratosis of heels

129

Plantar warts

127

128

128–129

Plasma (effective circulating volume)

865

Plasma cell leukemia

515

Plasma cells, in myeloma

515

516

Plasma expanders, for shock

479

Plasma fractions/components See also Fresh frozen plasma

transfusion of

535

Plasma mixing test

in acquired factor VIII antibodies

527

in hemophilia A

526

for lupus anticoagulant detection

532

Plasma renin activity

in Addison's disease

1166

in hyperaldosteronism

1173

in hypertension

422

423

laboratory reference range for

1742

Plasmacytomas

515

See also Myeloma

Plasmapheresis

for hemolytic-uremic syndrome

522

for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

521

for Waldenstr m's macroglobulinemia

518

Plasmodium

falciparum

1486–1498

follow-up for infection caused by

1497

resistant strains of

1489

1490

1491–1492

1496

1497

severe infection caused by

1497

malariae

1486–1498

ovale

1486–1498

vivax

1486–1498

resistant strains of

1490

1492

1496

Platelet-associated IgG

526

laboratory reference range for

1741

Platelet count

chemotherapy drug dosage adjustments and

1681

1681

in essential thrombocytosis

500

502

in idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura

518

laboratory reference range for

1741

in polycythemia

500

501

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

771

772

Platelet-derived growth factor, in myelofibrosis

503

Platelet factor 4, in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

520

Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors See Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors

Platelet-inhibiting agents See Antiplatelet therapy

Platelet transfusion

534–535

See also Transfusions

for disseminated intravascular coagulation

531

for gastrointestinal bleeding/variceal hemorrhage

553

573

for idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura

520

Platelets

acquired qualitative disorders of

525–526

aspirin/NSAIDs affecting function of

526

830–831

autoantibodies against

526

in idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura

518

congenital qualitative disorders of

523–526

523

drugs inhibiting See Antiplatelet therapy

in essential thrombocytosis

502

in myelofibrosis

503

in myeloproliferative disorders

526

in renal failure/uremia

526

910

in von Willebrand's disease

523

524

P.1847

Platinum-based chemotherapy, secondary malignancies and

1645

Platypnea

218

PLCO (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, & Ovarian) Cancer Screening Trial

1656

Pleistophora species

1477

Plendil See Felodipine

Plethysmography, impedance, in venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism

283

Pleural biopsy, in tuberculosis

258

Pleural diseases

299–304

occupational

297

respiratory failure caused by

307

Pleural effusions

299–303

300

301

drug-induced

298

in heart disease/failure

300

315

390

malignant

267

301

301

302

1692–1694

paramalignant

302

parapneumonic

301

301

302

in pneumococcal pneumonia

1403

1404

rheumatoid

310

tuberculous

258

301

Pleural fluid analysis

300–301

301

in anthrax

1412

in malignant effusion

301

301

1693

in pneumonia

251

Pleural friction rub

in pleural effusion

300

in pulmonary embolism

282

Pleural mesothelioma

273–274

1664

Pleuritis/pleuritic chest pain

299

in thoracic actinomycosis

1436

Pleurodesis, for malignant pleural effusion

302

Pleurodynia, epidemic (Bornholm disease)

1389

Plicamycin (mithramycin)

1675

for hypercalcemia, in cancer patients

1691

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

482

572

Plummer's disease (toxic adenoma of thyroid)

1135

PML See Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

PML-RARa fusion gene

508

PMS See Premenstrual syndrome/tension

Pneumatic compression devices

for lymphedema

477

for venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism prevention

284

286

471

Pneumaturia

932

Pneumocandins

1585

Pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) infections

1403–1405

1552

drug resistance and

252

1404

1405

endocarditis

1403

1404

1418

immunization against See Pneumococcal vaccine

keratitis

158

meningitis

1295

1404–1405

pneumonia

248

251

252

1403–1404

1556

in HIV infection/AIDS

1323

Pneumococcal vaccine

3

252–253

1305–1306

1307–1309

1310–1311

for elderly

55

1310

in HIV infection/AIDS

4

1308

1310

1332

pregnancy and

1308

Pneumoconioses

295–296

295

Pneumocystis carinii See Pneumocystis jiroveci infection; Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Pneumocystis jiroveci infection

otitis

194

pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia and

1239

1542

pneumonia See Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

prevention of

1290

1346–1347

1346

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (pneumocystosis)

249

253

256

1322–1323

1334

1335

1540–1542

CD4 T cell count and

1321

1321

1323

1346

1541

DLCO in

223

1323

1541

pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia and

1239

1542

pentamidine treatment/chemoprophylaxis and

1335

1346

1347

1542

pneumothorax and

303

304

prophylaxis of

1290

1542

Pneumocystosis See Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Pneumomediastinum

304

Pneumonia

247–256

248–249

1556

See also specific causative agent and Pneumonitis

anaerobic

248

252

254

255

255–256

1434

in aspergillosis

1544

aspiration

294

295

1556

See also Aspiration

in anaerobic infections

255

1434

in community-acquired disease

252

drug use and

1298

in hospital-acquired disease

253

hydrocarbon toxicity and

294

1632

1633

bronchiolitis obliterans and (BOOP/cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis/COP)

246–247

276–278

278

chlamydial

C pneumoniae causing

249

251

252

1442

1556

in psittacosis

1441

community-acquired

247–253

1555

cough and

21

21

cytomegalovirus

1361

desquamative interstitial (DIP)

276–278

eosinophilic See also L ffler's syndrome

group A streptococci causing

1402

Haemophilus influenzae causing

248

251

254

1323

1422

1553

in HIV infection/AIDS/immunocompromised host

256

1322–1323

1334

1541

1542

See also Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

aspergillosis causing

1544

CD4 T cell count and

1321

1321

1323

1346

1541

DLCO (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide) in

223

1323

hospital-acquired (nosocomial)

253–255

1555

idiopathic fibrosing interstitial

276–278

277–278

in influenza

1383

1384

Legionnaire's

249

251

252

254

255

1423

1553

1556

in leptospirosis

1456

lipoid

294

in measles

1363

mercury vapor

1627

Moraxella catarrhalis causing

249

251

1422

nonspecific interstitial (NSIP)

276–278

277

in HIV infection/AIDS

1323

plague

1431

pleural effusion in (parapneumonic pleural effusion)

301

301

302

pneumococcal

1403

1404

pneumococcal

248

251

1403–1404

immunization against See Pneumococcal vaccine

pneumocystis See Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

postoperative, risk factors for

41–42

41

prevention of

252–253

in Q fever

1398

respiratory syncytial virus causing

1381–1382

SARS

1385

treatment of

for hospitalized patients

252

254–255

for outpatients

252

usual interstitial (UIP)

276–278

277

varicella zoster virus

1356

during pregnancy

781

1356

ventilator-associated

253

254

308

viral

251

Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT), pneumonia risks/mortality and

247–249

250

Pneumonitis See also Pneumonia

acute gastric aspiration causing

295

acute interstitial (AIP)

277

cryptogenic organizing (COP/idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia/BOOP)

246–247

276–278

278

cytomegalovirus

1361

hydrocarbon/petroleum distillates/solvents causing

294

1632

1633

hypersensitivity

296–297

296

mercury vapor

1627

nonspecific interstitial (NSIP)

276–278

277

in HIV infection/AIDS

1323

radiation

298–299

1600

usual interstitial (UIP)

276–278

277

Pneumoplasty, reduction, for COPD

242–243

Pneumothorax

acupuncture causing

1724

catamenial

303

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia/pentamidine prophylaxis and

303

304

1347

spontaneous

303–304

chest pain in

303

344

dyspnea in

22–23

tension

303

304

traumatic

303

PNMT See Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

PO2 See also PaO2

altitude affecting

224

224

laboratory reference range for

1741

in pulmonary embolism

281

relationship of to oxygen saturation

223–224

224

in respiratory failure

307

308

Podagra

811

Podophyllum resin (podophyllin/podofilox)

fetotoxicity of

91

128

for wart removal

128

for perianal warts

128

646

for vulvar warts

733

POEMS syndrome, hyperpigmentation in

1100

Poikilocytosis

in beta thalassemia major

486

in iron deficiency anemia

483

in myelofibrosis

503

Poisindex

1607

Poison control centers

1607

P.1848

Poison ivy/oak/sumac

113–115

See also Allergic contact dermatitis

Poisoning/drug overdose

1607–1638

abdominal x-rays in

1615

anion gap in

888

1614

antidotes for

1610

1611

arrhythmias in

1609

1609

coma caused by

1019

1607–1608

1608

eye decontamination in

172

1611

1617

1618

gastrointestinal decontamination in

1607

1611–1613

hypertension in

1609

hyperthermia in

1610

hypotension in

1608–1609

hypothermia in

1608

initial evaluation in

1607

laboratory tests in

1614–1615

1614

1615

osmolar gap in

872

1614

1614

patient observation and

1607

physical examination in

1613–1614

preventable deaths caused by

2

seizures in

1609–1610

1610

skin decontamination in

1610–1611

1617

1618

1632

toxicology screen in

1614–1615

1615

Poisonous mushrooms

1629–1631

1630

Poisonous snakes

1635–1636

Poliomyelitis

1366–1368

immunization against

4

1305–1306

1314

1367

Poliovirus vaccine

4

1305–1306

1314

Pollens, avoidance therapy for allergies caused by

788

Polyangiitis, microscopic See Microscopic polyangiitis

Polyarteritis See also Arteritis

neuropathy associated with

845

1026

nodosa

137

844–846

Polyarthralgia See Arthritis/arthralgia

Polyarthritis See Arthritis/arthralgia

Polycarbophil See Fiber, dietary

Polychondritis, relapsing

181

850–851

Polyclonal gammopathy

796

Polycystic kidney disease

autosomal dominant

927

928

intracranial aneurysms and

928

Polycystic ovary syndrome (persistent anovulation)

746–747

amenorrhea in

746

1184

hirsutism in

746

1170

1171

infertility and

746

obesity in

746

747

1099

Polycythemia

500–502

500

501

in chronic mountain sickness (Monge's disease)

1605

in cor pulmonale

412

hypertension and

422

pulmonary hypertension and

291

292

relative (“spurious”)

500

500

501

501

vera

500–502

500

501

1664

hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome) and

679

Polydipsia/thirst

in diabetes insipidus

1108

1109

in diabetes mellitus

1198

1198

in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism

1150

hyponatremia caused by

869

1058

lithium causing

1076

psychogenic

869

1058

Polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, autoimmune

1147

1164–1165

Polyethylene glycol/PEG 3350

for constipation/preoperative bowel cleansing

543

544

for whole bowel irrigation

1612

Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome

Addison's disease in

1147

1164–1165

Hashimoto's thyroiditis in

1144

pigmentary disorders in

1100

type 1

1147

1164–1165

autoimmune hepatitis in

663

type 2

1165

Polyglandular failure (Schmidt's) syndrome

1144

1165

1201

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing

in Lyme disease

1460

in viral infections

1349–1350

in Whipple's disease

604

Polymorphic reticulosis

201

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil count, joint fluid

807

808

Polymorphous light eruption

140

Polymyalgia rheumatica

820

846–847

immobility in elderly and

60

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

829

Polymyositis

840–842

autoantibodies in

836

841

cancer-related

840

841

1696

Polymyxins

1574

for ophthalmic disorders

175

Polyneuropathies

1023

1023–1028

See also specific type and Neuropathies

acute idiopathic See Guillain-Barr syndrome

cancer-related

1005

1026

in diabetes mellitus

1223

in HIV infection/AIDS

1026

1325

in Lyme disease

1026

1459

in polyarteritis

845

1026

in sarcoidosis

1026

toxic

1026

Polypectomy, colonoscopic

634

Polyphagia with weight loss, in diabetes mellitus

1198

1198

Polypharmacy

in elderly

49

64–66

1094

1095

iatrogenic problems for hospitalized patient and

1096

Polyprenoic acid, in cancer prevention

1649

Polyps/polyposis

614

adenomatous

614

See also Adenomatous polyps

familial

635–636

See also Familial adenomatous polyposis

nonfamilial

633–636

cervical

733

of colon

633–637

lower gastrointestinal bleeding and

555

colorectal cancer and

633

635–637

1643

gastric

596

hamartomatous

636

hyperplastic

614

juvenile familial

636

nasal

200

in allergic rhinitis

197

200

in schistosomiasis

1502

of small intestine

610

633

submucosal

614

vocal cord

210

Polyradiculoneuropathy

in cytomegalovirus infection

1361

in Guillain-Barr syndrome

1027

in HIV infection/AIDS

1026

1325

in Lyme disease

1026

Polyradiculopathy, in HIV infection/AIDS

1026

1325

Polysomnography

305

306

Polystyrene sulfonate, for hyperkalemia

876

877

Polysurgery (surgery proneness)

1096

1097

somatization disorder and

1048

Polyuria

in Cushing's syndrome

1168

in diabetes insipidus

1108

1109

in diabetes mellitus

1198

1198

in hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism

879

1150

lithium causing

1076

in tubulointerstitial disease

926

Pomeroy tubal resection

758

Pompholyx (vesiculobullous hand eczema/dyshidrosis/dyshidrotic eczema)

111–112

Ponstel See Mefenamic acid

Popliteal adventitial disease

456

Popliteal arteries

aneurysms of

449–450

abdominal aortic aneurysms and

447

thrombosis of

449

occlusion of

455–456

Popliteal entrapment syndrome

455–456

Popliteal pulse, in lower extremity occlusive disease

453

Popliteal tendinitis

825

Porcelain gallbladder

685

687

Porfimer, for photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer

578

Pork, trichinosis transmitted by

1532

Pork insulin

1212

Pork tapeworm (Taenia solium)

1508

1509

1510

PORN See Progressive outer retinal necrosis

Porphobilinogen, urinary

laboratory reference range for

1741

in porphyria

1703

Porphobilinogen deaminase, deficiency of in porphyria

1703

Porphyria

acute intermittent

1024–1025

1703–1704

1704

cutanea tarda

112

photodermatitis and

139

140

mental status changes in

1103

1703

peripheral nerve involvement in

1024–1025

1703

variegate

1024–1025

Porphyrins, urine, in porphyria cutanea tarda

112

PORT (Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team), pneumonia risks/mortality and

247–249

250

Portal decompression, for esophageal varices

575

Portal hypertension

ascites in

558

559

559

cirrhosis and

670

malignant

562

esophageal varices in

551–552

573

574

gastrointestinal bleeding in

551–552

noncirrhotic

680

in schistosomiasis

1502

Portal hypertensive gastropathy

583

gastrointestinal bleeding in

552

583

Portal vein thrombosis, noncirrhotic portal hypertension caused by

680

Portosystemic shunts

emergency/surgical, for esophageal varices

575

rebleeding prevention and

576

transvenous (transjugular) See Transvenous (transjugular) intrahepatic portosystemic shunts

P.1849

Posaconazole

1548

1550

Positioning vertigo

191

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

for ARDS

310

for near drowning victim

1602

Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy, in cystic fibrosis

245

Positive inotropic agents See also Digitalis/digitalis glycosides

for cardiac failure

394–395

Positive-pressure breathing

for COPD

242

intermittent (IPPB), prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and

42

Positive-pressure ventilation

noninvasive (NPPV)

for COPD

242

for respiratory failure

308

for respiratory failure

308

Positron emission tomography (PET)

in angina

345

in cancer staging

1658

lung cancer and

268–270

270

thyroid cancer and

1125

1128

in solitary pulmonary nodule

266

in tumor size evaluation

1686

Postcapillary pulmonary hypertension

290

Postcardiotomy/postmyocardial infarction pericarditis (Dressler's syndrome)

364

408

Postcholecystectomy syndrome

685

688

Postcoital/emergency contraception

757

IUD for

755

757

Postcoital test, in infertility workup

748–749

Postdysenteric colitis

1472

Postepileptic automatism

982

Posterior synechiae, in uveitis

162

Posterior uveitis

162

See also Uveitis

Postgastrectomy alimentary hypoglycemia

1234

1234

1238

Postgonococcal urethritis/cervicitis

1432

1441

Postherpetic neuralgia

110

979

1357

1358

Posthypercapnia alkalosis

892

893

Posthypocapnia acidosis

890

894

Postinfarction angina/ischemia

361

Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans

246

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

915

916

917

1400

Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome

615–616

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation

143

Post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis

1483

“Post-Lyme disease syndrome”

1461

1462

Postmenopausal depression (involutional melancholia)

760

1187

Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

730

endometrial carcinoma and

738

Postmicturition syncope

384

Postmyocardial infarction/postcardiotomy pericarditis (Dressler's syndrome)

364

408

Postnasal drip, cough caused by

21

22

219

Postpartum depression

1066

1103

Postpartum infection

anaerobic

1435

mastitis

787

streptococcal

780

Postpartum psychosis

1066

Postpartum thyroiditis

1136

1144

1146

HLA in

801

Postpoliomyelitis syndrome

1367

Postprandial (reactive) hypoglycemia

1234

1234

1238

after ethanol ingestion

1238

Postrenal azotemia

901

902

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder

1359

Posttraumatic epilepsy/seizure disorder

980

Posttraumatic headache

977

Posttraumatic stress disorder

1042

1082

Posttraumatic syringomyelia

1021

Posttraumatic vertigo

191

Postural drainage

in bronchiectasis

244

in COPD

242

in cystic fibrosis

245

Postural hypotension See Orthostatic (postural) hypotension

Postural instability See Falls; Gait/gait disorders

Postvoid dribbling

932

Potassium

1259

dietary/replacement

1259

1279

for diabetic ketoacidosis

1230

diuretic use and

1279

in fluid management

894

895

for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

1232

hypertension and

422

1279

for hypokalemia

874–875

for renal tubular acidosis

891

requirements for in nutritional support

1282

restriction of, in chronic renal failure

912

disorders of concentration of

873–876

See also Hyperkalemia; Hypokalemia

genetic disorders associated with

874

874

in renal tubular acidosis

889

889

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

866

873

1741

Potassium channel blocking drugs, for arrhythmias

368

370

Potassium chloride See Potassium, dietary/replacement

Potassium concentration gradient, transtubular (TTKG)

874

Potassium iodide, in table salt, goiter prevention/treatment and

1131

Potassium-sparing diuretics

for cardiac failure

391

lithium interactions and

1077

1077

Potentization, in homeopathy

1729

Potomania, beer

869

Pott's disease

860

POU1F1 gene mutation, in pituitary hormone deficiency

1104

Pouchitis

630

Poultry, influenza transmission and

1383

1384

Powassan virus

1371

Power of attorney, durable, for health care

70

Poxvirus infections

1387–1389

See also specific type

PPAR-γ See Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PPARg gene, thyroid cancer and

1123

PPD (purified protein derivative) test

258–259

259

See also Tuberculin skin test

PPV (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine) See Pneumococcal vaccine

PRA See Plasma renin activity

Prader-Willi syndrome

1098

Pralidoxime, for cholinesterase inhibitor (anticholinesterase) poisoning

1611

1632

nerve agents in chemical warfare and

1622

PrameGel See Pramoxine

Pramipexole, for parkinsonism

1009

Pramosone See Hydrocortisone; Pramoxine

Pramoxine

89

Prandin See Repaglinide

Pravachol See Pravastatin

Pravastatin

1242

1250

1251

See also Statin drugs

Prax See Pramoxine

Prayer, in complementary/alternative medicine

1709

Praziquantel

for clonorchiasis/opisthorchiasis

1506

for cysticercosis

1512

for hydatid cysts

1514

1515

for paragonimiasis

1507

for schistosomiasis

1503–1504

for tapeworm infections

1509

Prazosin

for benign prostatic hyperplasia

958

959

for hypertension

437

438

Pre-Gen Plus See Multitarget DNA tests

Prebreakfast hyperglycemia

1218–1219

1219

Precholecystectomy syndrome

687–688

Precordial pulsations

315

Precose See Acarbose

Prediabetes

1203

PredMild See Prednisolone

Prednicarbate

87

Prednisolone

for asthma

232

235

for ophthalmic disorders

174–175

Prednisone

1192

1193

See also specific disease and Corticosteroids

for allergic contact dermatitis

115

for asthma

232

235

236

for autoimmune hepatitis

663

in cancer chemotherapy

1674

for giant cell arteritis

847

for idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura

519

for minimal change disease

921

for pneumocystosis

1542

for polymyalgia rheumatica

847

Preeclampsia-eclampsia

771–773

772

779

antihypertensive therapy in

773

779

in gestational trophoblastic disease

774

headache and

32

late-onset (postpartum)

773

Preexcitation syndromes

374

Pregnancy

763–787

air travel during

767

1606

alcohol use during

764–765

1084

amenorrhea (primary/secondary) caused by

1183

1184

1185

anemia during

775

antidepressant use during

1070

antipsychotic drug use during

1063

appendicitis during

613

782

ascariasis during

1518

asthma during

776

biliary colic during

685

bleeding during

in gestational trophoblastic disease

773–774

third-trimester

774–775

breast cancer and

716

724

726

782

breast cancer risk and

705

706

cardiac disease and

416–417

cardiomyopathy of (peripartum cardiomyopathy)

417

778

cardiovascular changes during

416

cardiovascular complications of

417

Chlamydia trachomatis infection and

780

cholecystectomy and

685

782

783

choledocholithiasis during

782–783

P.1850

cholelithiasis/cholecystitis during

685

782–783

cholestasis/jaundice of

651

782–783

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for

1719

cytomegalovirus infection during

1360

diabetes insipidus and

1108

diabetes mellitus and

776–777

777

1226

screening for

765

777

diagnosis/differential diagnosis of

763

drug/medication use/avoidance during

763

764

See also specific agent

topical therapy and

91

ectopic

769–771

hCG levels in

763

770

IUDs and

755

fatty liver of

667

779–780

folic acid deficiency during

489

766–767

775

gallbladder disease/surgery during

685

782–783

glycosuria during

1201

gonorrhea and

780

group B streptococcal infection and

766

780

1402

hCG levels in

763

heart disease and

416–417

777–778

778

hepatitis B and

653

vaccination recommendations and

657

764

1308

1311

hepatitis C and

655

hepatitis E and

655

657

herpes (pemphigoid) gestationis during

127

herpes infection during

778–779

heterotopic

770

HIV infection/AIDS in

776

1333

hypertension and

416–417

424

771–773

772

779

See also Preeclampsia-eclampsia

hyperthyroidism during

781

1136

1142

hypothyroidism during

781

1133–1134

immunizations during

767

influenza vaccination during

757

1308

iron deficiency anemia during

481–482

766

775

IUDs and

755

leg cramps during

1102–1103

listeriosis during

1414

lupus anticoagulant-anticardiolipin-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and

775

776

837

luteoma of

1171

Lyme disease and

1458

1462

malaria chemoprophylaxis during

1496

manifestations of

763

Marfan's syndrome and

416

mask of (chloasma/melasma)

143

1100

oral contraceptive use causing

143

753

1100

maternal virilization during

1171

measles during

1363

medical conditions complicating

775–782

mitral stenosis and

329

330

MMR vaccination and

1304

1306

1308

molar (hydatidiform mole)

773–774

See also Gestational trophoblastic disease

hyperthyroidism in

774

1136

myomectomy during

738

nutrition in

764

766–767

1254

1256

1257

ovarian tumors during

783

parathyroidectomy during

1153

parvovirus B19 infection in

1387

preeclampsia-eclampsia in

771–773

772

prenatal care and

763–766

prolactin levels in

1113

prolactinoma in

1114

radiation exposure during

765

1600

1601

respiratory alkalosis in

893

Rh incompatibility and

783

testing for

765

rubella exposure/rubella vaccination during

1304

1306

1308

1368

1368–1369

scabies during

134

screening tests in

764

See also Prenatal testing

seizures and

780

in eclampsia

771

772

773

sexually transmitted disorders and

780

sickle cell anemia and

775

smoking during

765

bupropion therapy for cessation and

11

nicotine therapy for cessation and

9

10

streptococcal infection and

766

780

1402

surgical complications during

782–783

syphilis during

780

1452–1453

termination of

by delivery

in acute fatty liver of pregnancy

779

in diabetic patient

777

1226

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

771

772

773

by elective abortion See Abortion, elective/induced

by recurrent (habitual) abortion

769

by spontaneous abortion

768–769

thyroid disease during

781

hyperthyroidism

781

1136

1142

hypothyroidism

781

1133–1134

thyroid cancer

1127

toxoplasmosis during

1498

1500

1501

travel and

767

1606

traveler's diarrhea during

1301

trophoblastic disease and

773–774

See also Gestational trophoblastic disease

tuberculosis/tuberculosis treatment during

262

781

ultrasonography during

765

ectopic pregnancy and

770

urinary tract infection during

782

varicella (chickenpox)/varicella vaccine during

780–781

1308

1312

1356

1357

vomiting of

538

767

acupuncture for

1728–1729

weight gain in

766

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), testing for

764

Pregnancy tests

763

See also Human chorionic gonadotropin

in amenorrhea

1185

in ectopic pregnancy

763

770

for rape victim

759

in spontaneous abortion

768

Prehn's sign

933

Prehypertension

419

420

Preleukemia (myelodysplastic syndromes)

506–507

sideroblasts/sideroblastic anemia and

486

506

Premarin cream See Estrogen vaginal creams

Premature beats

atrial (supraventricular/atrial extrasystoles)

372

in myocardial infarction

361

ventricular (ventricular extrasystoles)

379

in myocardial infarction

362

Premature ejaculation

951

Premature (preterm) labor, prevention of

783–784

Premature ovarian failure

1184–1185

Premenopausal bleeding See also Menstruation; Vaginal bleeding

abnormal

728–730

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

1066

1103

Premenstrual syndrome/tension

730–731

Premphase See Estrogens, with progestins

Prempro See Estrogens, with progestins

Prenatal care

763–766

Prenatal testing/diagnosis

740

See also Genetic testing

for Down's syndrome

765

maternal age and

764

765

for muscular dystrophy

1036

for sickle cell disease

493

775

for toxoplasmosis

1501

Prenatal vitamins

766–767

Preoperative evaluation/perioperative management

35–48

See also specific type of disorder

asymptomatic patient and

35–36

36

cardiovascular disease and

36–41

36

37

38

39

endocrine disorders and

44–46

45

hematologic disorders and

43–44

liver disease and

42–43

neurologic disorders and

44

44

physiologic effects of anesthesia and surgery and

35

pulmonary disorders and, for non-lung resection surgery

41–42

41

renal disease and

46

46

surgical site infections and

46–48

47

Prepatellar bursitis

823

Prerenal azotemia

901–902

901

in hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

1232

Presbyacusis

51

52

180

187–188

Presbyopia

154

Preservatives, in ocular preparations, toxic and hypersensitivity reactions to

177

Pressure sores (decubitus ulcers)

140–141

141

bed rest/immobility and

60

140–141

Preterm (premature) labor, prevention of

683–684

Pretibial fever

1456

Pretibial myxedema (Graves' dermopathy)

1135

1137

1142

Preven, for emergency contraception

757

Preventive care

2–19

See also specific disease

in elderly

55–56

recommendations for

3

Prevotella

melaninogenica

1434

1552

pneumonia caused by

255

1434

oropharyngeal strains of

1434

1552

Priapism (prolonged painful erection)

931

trazodone causing

1071

1080

vasoactive therapy for erectile dysfunction causing

952

1224

Primaquine

for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1489

1490

1493–1494

1496

resistance to

1492

for Pneumocystis jiroveci infection

1335

1542

Primary effusion (body cavity) lymphoma

1362

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

690–692

in HIV infection/AIDS

691

1326

Primaxin See Imipenem

Primidone

984

breast feeding and

786

monitoring concentrations of

1734

nutrients affected by

1260

for seizures

983

984

Primum atrial septal defect

320

P.1851

Prinivil See Lisinopril

Prinzmetal's (variant) angina

347

Prion disease

1374–1375

Pristinamycin

1579

Pritikin Diet

1247

PRK See Photorefractive keratectomy

Probenecid

allopurinol interactions and

814

for gout

813

Problem drinking

1083

1084–1085

See also Alcohol use/dependency/abuse

differential diagnosis of

1084

Procainamide

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for arrhythmias

369

ventricular tachycardia

379

monitoring concentrations of

1734

overdose/toxicity of

1634

Procarbazine

1672

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

Procardia See Nifedipine

Prochlorperazine

540

1682

See also Antiemetics

overdose/toxicity of

1633

Procidentia

741

Proctitis

645–646

chlamydial infection causing

1440

diarrhea and

545

radiation

555

556

1683

in ulcerative colitis

628

Proctocolectomy, for familial adenomatous polyposis

635

Proctocolitis

645

Proctosigmoidoscopy See also Sigmoidoscopy

Procyclidine

1004

See also Antiparkinsonism drugs

Progesterone

in estrogen replacement therapy

1187

1188

1645

receptors for, in breast cancer

716–717

hormone therapy and

716–717

720

721–722

prognosis and

724

serum levels of, in infertility workup

749

topical

1187

Progesterone-releasing IUDs

1187

Progestin minipill

752

753–754

abnormal premenopausal bleeding caused by

729

754

Progestins

for abnormal premenopausal bleeding

729

in amenorrhea evaluation

1185

in cancer chemotherapy

1673

in combination oral contraceptives

751

751–752

in estrogen replacement therapy

1186

1187

1188

1645

long-acting (contraceptive injections/implants)

754

oral

1187

for postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

730

Proglottids, tapeworm

1508

Programmed cell death (apoptosis), P53 regulation of, cancer etiology and

1641

Progressive bulbar palsy

1022

Progressive massive pulmonary fibrosis

296

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

1324–1325

1375

Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN), varicella zoster virus causing

1356–1357

Progressive spinal muscular atrophy

1022

Progressive supranuclear palsy, parkinsonism differentiated from

1008

Proguanil

1495

with atovaquone (Malarone)

1488

1489

1490

1493

1495

1496

1497

emergency self-treatment and

1488

resistance to

1492

1493

with chloroquine

1488

1495

with dapsone (Lapdap)

1488

in pregnancy

767

resistance to

1491

Proinsulin, in insulinoma

1235

Projective psychiatric tests

1040

Prolactin (PRL)

1113

serum levels of See also Hyperprolactinemia

in gynecomastia

1100

infertility and

749

1114

laboratory reference range for

1741

in pseudoseizure identification

983

1048

Prolactin (PRL) inhibitory factor (PIF)

1113

See also Dopamine

Prolactinoma

1113

1114

1114–1115

1191

Prolixin See Fluphenazine

Promazine, overdose/toxicity of

1633

Promethazine

540

See also Antiemetics

Prometrium See Progestins

Pronator teres syndrome

1028

Pronouncement (death)

84–85

PROP1 gene mutation, in pituitary hormone deficiency

1104

1105

Propafenone

369

for atrial fibrillation

377

self-administered, for paroxysmal episodes

377

overdose/toxicity of

1634

Propecia See Finasteride

Prophylactic antibiotics See Antimicrobial chemoprophylaxis

Propine See Dipivefrin

Propionibacterium acnes

115

117

See also Acne

Propionyl-L-carnitine, for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

Propoxyphene

benzodiazepine interactions and

1046

overdose/toxicity of

1631

Propranolol See also Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for arrhythmias

369

for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism

1138

for hypertension

432

for migraine prophylaxis

976

overdose/toxicity of

1620

Proptosis (exophthalmos)

152–153

in dysthyroid eye disease

170

1137

1141

Propylene glycol, lactic acidosis and

887

Propylthiouracil

for Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism

1138–1139

1139

during pregnancy/lactation

781

1139

1142

Prosom See Estazolam

Prosopagnosia, intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

Prostacyclin, for pulmonary hypertension

292

Prostaglandin analogs See also specific agent

for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

161

173–174

Prostaglandins

for elective abortion

758

in erectile dysfunction

952

vascular evaluation and

951

NSAIDs affecting

74

830

Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, & Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial

1656

Prostate gland

benign hyperplasia of

954–961

956

958

959

See also Benign prostatic hyperplasia

biopsy of

962–963

cancer of

961–966

963

964

966

1664

diet and

1647

finasteride in prevention of

1653

HER-2/neu overexpression in

1644

hormone therapy for

966

966

1670–1671

incidence/risk/mortality of

962

1639

1640

1640

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

1696–1697

PC-SPES for

1702

screening for

14–16

15

963–964

963

1656

1687

in elderly

55

selenium in prevention of

1651

staging of

964

964

1658

testosterone replacement therapy and

1182

tumor markers for

962

vitamin E in prevention of

1650–1651

examination of

956–957

inflammation/infection of See Prostatitis

minimally invasive surgery on, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960–961

transurethral balloon dilatation of

961

transurethral electrovaporization of

961

transurethral incision of (TUIP)

959

960

transurethral needle ablation of (TUNA)

961

transurethral resection of (TURP)

960

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

in benign prostatic hyperplasia

957

laboratory reference range for

1741

in prostate cancer

962

response to chemotherapy evaluated by

1687

screening and

14–16

15

962

963–964

1656

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density, in cancer screening

963–964

1687

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity, in cancer screening

963

Prostatectomy

open, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

959

960

radical, for prostate cancer

965

transurethral laser-induced (TULIP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960–961

transurethral (TURP), for benign prostatic hyperplasia

959

960

Prostatic pain

931

in acute bacterial prostatitis

940

Prostatitis

acute bacterial

939

940

942

chronic bacterial

939

940–941

942

gonococcal

1431

1432

nonbacterial

941–942

942

zinc in resistance to

937

Prostatodynia

942

942

Prostep See Nicotine, replacement therapy for smoking cessation

Prostheses

arterial/endovascular See Bypass grafting

for joint replacement

coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection and

1408

septic arthritis and

856

penile

952

P.1852

Prosthetic heart valves

338–339

See also Valve replacement

anticoagulant therapy and

338–339

endocarditis and

1419

pregnancy and

339

endocarditis and

1415

1419

Protease, in pancreatic enzyme supplements

699

Protease inhibitors

1337–1338

1340–1341

See also Antiretroviral therapy

antituberculous drug interactions and

261

in combinations

1340

1342

1343

resistance to

1345

Protein

ascitic fluid

560

561

See also Serum-ascites albumin gradient

cerebrospinal fluid, in CNS infection

1294

dietary

1253–1257

deficiency of (protein-energy malnutrition)

1264–1267

digestion of

601

requirements for

1253–1257

1257

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1257

in nutritional support

1282

restriction of See Protein-restricted diet

in urinary stone formation

944

total serum

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1742

in liver disease/jaundice

651

urinary

896

See also Proteinuria

ratio of to urinary creatinine

897

Protein C

activated, in disseminated intravascular coagulation

530

deficiency of, warfarin-induced skin necrosis in

532

laboratory reference range for

1741

recombinant (drotrecogin alfa), for bacteremia/sepsis/shock

480

1424

Protein-calorie undernutrition See Protein-energy malnutrition

Protein:creatinine urinary concentration

897

See also Proteinuria

Protein electrophoresis

laboratory reference range for

1741

urinary, in overload proteinuria

897

Protein-energy malnutrition

1264–1267

Protein-losing enteropathy

601

614–615

614

in measles

1363

Protein malnutrition, in nephrotic syndrome

920–921

Protein-restricted diet

1279

for acute tubular necrosis

904

for chronic renal failure

911–912

1279

in diabetes mellitus

1205

1222

for hepatic encephalopathy

672

1279

for nephrotic syndrome

921

for urinary stone disease

944

Protein S, laboratory reference range for

1742

Proteinosis, pulmonary alveolar

279–280

Proteinuria

896

896–897

Bence Jones (light chain in urine)

897

in myeloma

515

929

renal toxicity and

904

in diabetes mellitus/diabetic nephropathy

923

1222

by dipstick

897

934

in glomerulonephritis

906

in IgA nephropathy

917

in membranous nephropathy

922

in nephrotic syndrome

919–920

in preeclampsia-eclampsia

771

772

in sickle cell disease/glomerulopathy

929

930

in systemic lupus erythematosus

835

in tubulointerstitial disease

926

Proteomics, in cancer study

1642

Proteus

miribilis

1553

vulgaris

1553

Prothrombin, des-gamma-carboxy, in hepatocellular carcinoma

682

Prothrombin time

in alcoholic liver disease

664

665

in anticoagulant overdose/toxicity

1618

1619

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1742

in liver disease/jaundice

651

prolonged

529

See also Hypoprothrombinemia

in vitamin K deficiency

529

Proton pump inhibitors

588

for Barrett's esophagus

567

for dyspepsia

536

gastrin levels affected by

595

for gastroesophageal reflux disease/esophagitis

567

568

568–569

in H pylori eradication therapy

589

590

H pylori test results affected by

584

588

for NSAID gastritis

583

for NSAID toxicity mitigation

590

591

830

for peptic stricture

567

for peptic ulcer disease

588

589

590

590

591

bleeding management and

553–554

592

prevention and

590

591

830

refractory ulcers and

591

in scleroderma

839

for stress gastritis

583

for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma

596

1178

Protopam See Pralidoxime

Protopic See Tacrolimus (FK506), topical

Protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte, laboratory reference range for

1738

Protozoal infections

1463–1501

See also specific type and organism

Protriptyline

1072

Proventil See Albuterol

Provera See Progestins

Providencia

1553

Provocation testing See also specific test

in food and drug allergies

793–794

Proximal renal tubular acidosis

889

889

890

See also Renal tubular acidosis

genetic defects associated with

874

Prozac See Fluoxetine

PrPC/PrPSc, in prion disease

1374

PRSS1 gene, in chronic pancreatitis

697

Pruritus (itching)

92

132–137

See also specific cause

ani

133

134

648

tinea causing

102

anogenital

133–134

648

in enterobiasis/pinworm infection

1521

in biliary cirrhosis

675

in cutaneous larva migrans

1519

in diabetes

1198

1198

drugs causing

148

drugs for

systemic

91

topical

89

91

134

of ear canal

182

of eye

150

in hookworm disease

1525

in onchocerciasis

1528

in polycythemia

500

in renal failure/uremia

133

907

vulvae

133

PS-341 See Bortezomib

PSA See Prostate-specific antigen

Pseudallescheria boydii, opportunistic infections caused by

1547

Pseudoachalasia

580

Pseudoachromia

143

Pseudo-addiction, pain management in terminally ill/dying patient and

73

Pseudoallergic (anaphylactoid) reactions

791

795

Pseudoaneurysm

femoral

450

gastrointestinal bleeding and

552

myocardial rupture and

364

Pseudobacteremia

1292

Pseudobulbar palsy

1022

Pseudoclaudication, of spinal stenosis

820

Pseudocysts, pancreatic

694

695

Pseudodementia

1092

in elderly

1094

Pseudoephedrine

789

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1074

Pseudoepileptic seizures See Pseudoseizures

Pseudofolliculitis

119

Pseudogout

812

814

Pseudohermaphroditism, amenorrhea in

1183

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I

874

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (Gordon syndrome)

874

Pseudohyponatremia

867

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

1147

See also Hypoparathyroidism

Pseudomembrane, in diphtheria

205

1414

Pseudomembranous colitis

619

See also Colitis, antibiotic-associated

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1553

burn wound infection caused by

1597–1598

eye medications contaminated by

177

hot tub folliculitis caused by

118

119

keratitis caused by

158

malignant external otitis (skull base osteomyelitis) caused by

182

186

pneumonia caused by

248

252

253

254

Pseudomonic acid See Mupirocin

Pseudo-obstruction, intestinal

acute (Ogilvie's syndrome)

608–609

chronic

609–610

Pseudopapilledema (optic disk drusen)

169

Pseudoporphyria

112

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

1147

Pseudoseizures

983

1048

Pseudotumor

cerebri

1005–1006

lithium use and

1076

of gallbladder

687

pleural effusion and

302

Pseudo-von Willebrand disease

523

525

Psilocybin

1087

1630

hallucinogenic (Psilocybe) mushroom poisoning and

1629

1630

1630

Psittacosis (ornithosis)

1441–1442

Psoas sign, in appendicitis

612

613

Psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, for psoriasis

98

Psoriasiform eruptions, drugs causing

149

Psoriasis

97–99

arthritis and

97–98

853–854

drugs affecting

149

exfoliative dermatitis and (erythrodermic psoriasis)

97

107

in HIV infection/AIDS

857

1328

P.1853

HLA in

801

851

853

tinea infections differentiated from

102

103

Psoriatic arthritis

97–98

853–854

HLA in

851

853

Psoriatic erythroderma

97

PSTI gene, in chronic pancreatitis

698

Psychedelic drug abuse

1087–1088

Psychiatric history/interview

1038

Psychiatric/psychologic disorders

1038–1097

See also specific type

assessment of

1038–1040

1039

chest pain and

581

consultation and

1041

in elderly

1094–1095

urinary incontinence and

62

hospitalization for

1041

hospitalization and medical/surgical disorders and

1095–1097

irritable bowel syndrome and

615

616

618

treatment approaches in

1040–1041

in Wilson's disease

678

Psychodiagnostics, Rorschach

1040

Psychogenic polydipsia

869

1058

Psychologic challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient

82–83

Psychologic disorders See Psychiatric/psychologic disorders

Psychologic drug dependence

1082

Psychologic testing

1040

Psychopathic (antisocial) personality disorder

1054

1055

Psychosexual disorders/dysfunction

1052–1054

See also Sexual dysfunction

Psychosurgery, for obsessive-compulsive disorders

1047

Psychotic disorders (psychoses)

1056–1065

See also Schizophrenia

alcohol withdrawal and (delirium tremens)

1084

1093

alcoholic hallucinosis

1084

1085–1086

1092

atypical

1057

brief

1057

delusions and

1057

1057–1058

depression and

1057

1058

1067

1068

differential diagnosis of

1058

drug-induced/toxic

1058

drug therapy for

1059–1064

1059

1060

1063

See also Antipsychotic drugs

hospitalization and medical-surgical disorders and

1095

in hypothyroidism (myxedema madness)

1103

1132

intensive care unit

1095

Korsakoff's

1084

1092

1103

1273

late life (in elderly)

1057

1094

1095

mania differentiated from

1058

postpartum

1066

suicide risk and

1067

Psychotropic agents See Antianxiety drugs; Antidepressants; Antipsychotic drugs

Psyllium fiber See also Fiber, dietary

for constipation

543

PT See Prothrombin time

PTC See Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

PTCA See Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

PTEN multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden disease)

636

Pteroylmonoglutamic acid See Folic acid

Pterygium

157–158

PTHrP See Parathyroid hormone-related protein

Ptosis

153

in myasthenia gravis

153

1034

in third nerve paralysis

153

170

PTSD See Posttraumatic stress disorder

PTT See Partial thromboplastin time

Puberty

delayed

1180

1189

amenorrhea and

1183

gynecomastia during

1100

Pubic lice

135

Puerperal mastitis

787

Puestow procedure, modified, for chronic pancreatitis

699

Puffer fish poisoning

1635

1635

Pulmicort Turbihaler See Budesonide

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

279–280

Pulmonary angiography, in pulmonary embolism

283–284

Pulmonary arteries, as source of hemoptysis

220

Pulmonary aspiration syndromes

294–295

See also Aspiration

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)

in myocardial infarction

357

in shock

479

Pulmonary circulation, disorders of

280–293

alveolar hemorrhage syndromes and

293

pulmonary hypertension and

290–292

291

410–411

411

respiratory failure caused by

307

thromboembolism and

280–290

282

285

286

287

288

See also Pulmonary venous thromboembolism

vasculitis and

292–293

Pulmonary cysts, hydatid

1513

1514

1515

Pulmonary decompression sickness (chokes)

1603

Pulmonary diffusing capacity See Diffusing capacity

Pulmonary disorders See also specific disorder and under Respiratory

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

309–311

310

airway disorders

225–247

in anthrax

1411

1411–1412

1413

approach to patient with

220–225

in ascariasis

1518

in aspergillosis

1544

in blastomycosis

1545

bronchoscopy in diagnosis of

225

in burn injury

1598

chronic See specific disorder and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

circulatory

280–293

in coccidioidomycosis

1539

1540

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by

1091

common manifestations of

218–220

decompression/dysbaric

1603

drug-induced

298

298

environmental

293–299

eosinophilic

280

exercise stress testing in diagnosis of

224–225

in filariasis

280

1522–1523

hantaviruses causing

1378

in histoplasmosis

1538

in HIV infection/AIDS

256

1322–1323

See also Pneumonia; Tuberculosis

in hookworm disease

1525

hydatid cysts

1513

1514

1515

infections

247–265

See also Pneumonia

adenovirus

1386

1387

anaerobic

1434

Bordetella bronchiseptica causing

1420

cough in

20–21

21

219

cytomegalovirus

1361

mycobacterial

nontuberculous

263–265

1437–1438

tuberculosis See also Tuberculosis

viral

1381–1386

interstitial (diffuse parenchymal)

275–280

275

in measles

1363

metastatic (secondary lung cancer)

272–273

neoplastic

265–275

See also Lung cancer

in nocardiosis

1436–1437

occupational

295–298

in paragonimiasis

1507

physical examination in

220–222

pleural diseases and

299–304

postoperative, risk factors for

41

41

preoperative evaluation/management of

41–42

41

pulmonary function tests in diagnosis of

222–224

223

224

224

radiation causing

298–299

1600

respiratory failure

306–309

307

scleroderma and

838

in strongyloidiasis

1530

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion caused by

868

in syphilis

1450

in systemic lupus erythematosus

834

toxic

297

1617

See also Toxic lung injury

tropical pulmonary eosinophilia

280

1522–1523

ventilation control disorders and

304–306

in Wegener's granulomatosis

292

847–848

Pulmonary edema

397–398

acute high-altitude

1604–1605

drug-induced

298

in heart disease

312

in atrial myxoma

413

cardiac failure

386

389

397–398

myocardial infarction

356

in near drowning victim

1602

respiratory failure caused by

307

Pulmonary embolectomy

289

Pulmonary embolism See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism

Pulmonary fibrosis

in ankylosing spondylitis

852

bleomycin-induced

1684

busulfan-induced

1684

drug-induced

298

idiopathic See Idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia

progressive massive

296

radiation causing

299

Pulmonary flow murmur, during pregnancy

416

Pulmonary function tests

222–224

223

224

224

See also Spirometry

in asthma

227–228

228

assessment/monitoring/prevention and

237

exacerbation management and

236

in COPD

238

239

in cor pulmonale

412

in cystic fibrosis

245

in interstitial (diffuse parenchymal) lung disease

275

in lung cancer

270

preoperative

41–42

Pulmonary heart disease (cor pulmonale)

412

in COPD

242

412

in pulmonary hypertension

292

Pulmonary hemosiderosis, idiopathic

293

P.1854

Pulmonary hypertension

290–292

291

cardiac failure and

390

411

primary (idiopathic)

290

410–411

411

pulmonary valve regurgitation and

338

Pulmonary infarction, pleural effusion in

301

Pulmonary infiltrates See also Pneumonia

drugs causing

298

eosinophilic

280

in immunocompromised host/HIV infection/AIDS

256

Pulmonary nodule

in metastatic disease

272–273

solitary

265–266

in dirofilariasis

1522

in metastatic disease

273

Pulmonary osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic

222

862–863

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

829

Pulmonary radiation fibrosis

299

Pulmonary regurgitation See Pulmonic regurgitation

Pulmonary-renal syndromes, microscopic polyangiitis causing

849

Pulmonary stenosis

318–319

in tetralogy of Fallot

323

324

Pulmonary thromboembolism See Pulmonary venous thromboembolism

Pulmonary vasculitis

292–293

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

290–291

pulmonary hypertension and

410

411

Pulmonary venous thromboembolism

280–290

282

285

anticoagulation in management of

284–289

288

detection/assessment of

281–284

282

285

dyspnea in

23

281

282

high-altitude pulmonary edema and

1605

prevention of

284

286

287

septic, in drug users

1298

thrombolytic therapy in management of

289

venous thrombosis and

280–281

See also Venous thrombosis

in Wegener's granulomatosis

848

Pulmonic regurgitation

337–338

Pulsatile tinnitus

189

Pulse deficit, in atrial fibrillation

375

Pulse oximetry See Oximetry

Pulsed Doppler ultrasound

316

See also Echocardiography; Ultrasonography

Pulseless disease (Takayasu arteritis)

414

463–464

Pulses

in aortic regurgitation

335

in heart disease

314

in hypertension

426

in lower extremity occlusive disease

453

in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

462

Pulsus alternans, in heart disease

314

Pulsus paradoxus, in heart disease

314

pericardial effusion

409

Punch biopsy, for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

735

Pupillary reactions

assessment of

152

in coma or stupor

1017–1018

in locked-in-syndrome

1019

in third nerve paralysis

170

Pupils

dilation of

acute angle-closure glaucoma precipitated by

153

159

177

for ophthalmoscopy

153

examination of

152

Pure autonomic failure

987

Pure red cell aplasia

489

cancer-related

1697

Purified chick embryo cell culture (PCEC) rabies vaccine

1314

Purified insulin

1212

1213

See also Insulin therapy

Purified protein derivative (PPD) test

258–259

259

See also Tuberculin skin test

Purines

dietary

812

813

in gout

812

in urinary stone formation

944

Purple coneflower See Echinacea

Purpura

cancer-related

863

in cryoglobulinemia

850

drugs causing

147

Henoch-Sch nlein (anaphylactoid)

850

917–918

917

idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic

518–520

519

See also Thrombocytopenia

thrombotic thrombocytopenic

520–522

521

See also Thrombocytopenia

Pursed lip breathing, for COPD

242

Push enteroscopy, in gastrointestinal bleeding

556

558

Pustular skin disorders

92

115–121

See also specific type

Puumala viruses

1378

PUVA therapy, for psoriasis

98

pXO1/pXO2 plasmids, anthrax virulence and

1411

Pyelogram, intravenous (IVP)

899

Pyelonephritis

938–940

939

1555

1556

ascending infection and

937

938

dysuria and

33

938

emphysematous

939

during pregnancy

782

Pylephlebitis, ruptured appendicitis and

613

Pyoderma

gangrenosum

141

miliaria and

120

in pediculosis

135

in scabies

134

Pyogenic arthritis See Septic (nongonococcal acute bacterial) arthritis

Pyogenic hepatic abscess

680–681

Pyogenic osteomyelitis

858–859

Pyometra, in endometrial carcinoma

738

Pyrantel pamoate

for ascariasis

1519

for enterobiasis/pinworm infection

1521

1522

for hookworm disease

1526

Pyrazinamide, for tuberculosis

260–261

260

261

in bone and joint disease

861

in latent disease/prophylactic

263

pregnancy and

262

Pyridostigmine, for myasthenia gravis

1034

Pyridoxal/pyridoxal phosphate/pyridoxamine

1274

See also Pyridoxine

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

1274–1275

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1254

for gyromitrin mushroom poisoning

1630

for homocystinuria

1706

hyperhomocysteinemia associated with deficiency of

1707

for isoniazid overdose/toxicity

1274

1611

1626

mental changes associated with deficiency of

1103

Pyrimethamine

1575

folic acid (leucovorin) rescue with

1575

for malaria

with dapsone (Maloprim)

1488

resistance to

1491

with sulfadoxine (Fansidar)

1488

1494–1495

resistance to

1491

nutrients affected by

1260

for toxoplasmosis chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1335

1347

1500

Pyrosis (heartburn)

536

563–564

566

Pyuria

896

935

936

sterile, in tuberculosis

930

Related

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