Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 2006 (Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment)

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Tierney, Lawrence M., McPhee, Stephen J., Papadakis, Maxine A.

Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment, 45th Edition

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S

S1 See First heart sound

S2 See Second heart sound

S3 See Third heart sound

S4 See Fourth heart sound

S65C mutation See also HFE gene

in hemochromatosis

676

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe/SAM)

1719–1721

1721

in Pneumocystis pneumonia

1541

S stage sleep

1078

SAAG See Serum-ascites albumin gradient

Sabin-Feldman dye test, in toxoplasmosis

1499

Sabin vaccine (oral/OPV poliovaccine)

1367

IPV booster and

1314

Saccharin, for diabetics

1206

Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), in inflammatory bowel disease

623

Sacral spine/disk disease See also Spine

herniated disk

817

818

818

819

Sacral zoster

110

Sacroiliac joint, in ankylosing spondylitis

852

853

SAD See Seasonal affective disorder

Saddlenose deformity

in nasal trauma

200

in Wegener's granulomatosis

848

Sadism, sexual

1052

Safer sex

in HIV infection/AIDS prevention

4

1319

1332

for syphilis prevention

1447

Sagittal sinus thrombosis, in pseudotumor cerebri

1005

Salicylates See also Aspirin

adverse ocular effects of

179

laboratory reference range for

1742

monitoring concentrations of

1734

nutrients affected by

1260

overdose/toxicity of

1615

1634

alkali therapy for

891

1634

anion gap in

888

hemodialysis for

1613

1634

for rheumatic fever

406

Salicylic acid preparations, for wart removal

128

P.1860

Saline

894

895

See also Fluid management/hydration

for diabetic ketoacidosis

1230

for eye decontamination

172

1611

1618

for heat exposure syndromes

1593

1594

for hypercalcemia

880

1153

1690

for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

1232

for hypernatremia

872

for hyponatremia

870

for hypotension in poisoning/drug overdose

1609

for skin decontamination

1611

Saline breast prosthesis See Breast implants

Saline laxatives

544

Saline load test, in gastric outlet obstruction

594

Saline-responsive metabolic alkalosis

891–892

892

893

Saline-unresponsive metabolic alkalosis

892

892

893

Salivary glands

207–209

inflammatory disorders of

acute

208

chronic

208

in mumps

1365

tumors of

208–209

Salivary stones (sialolithiasis)

208

Salk vaccine (inactivated/IPV poliovaccine)

1305–1306

1314

1367

Salmeterol, for asthma

231

233

with fluticasone

232

Salmon calcitonin See Calcitonin

Salmonella enterica subsp enterica (salmonellosis)

1424–1426

1553

bacteremia caused by

1426

1553

choleraesuis

1424

enterocolitis/gastroenteritis caused by

545

1300

1301

1303

1426

1556

typhi

1424

1425

typhimurium

1424

Salpingectomy, for ectopic pregnancy

770

Salpingitis

741–743

See also Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)/pelvic infection

chlamydial

1441

gonococcal

1432

Salpingo-oophorectomy See Oophorectomy

Salpingostomy, for ectopic pregnancy

770

Salt restriction See Sodium-restricted diet

Salt tablets, in heat exposure syndromes

1593

Samarium-153 lexidronam (Sm-153 EDTMP), for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/bone pain

1678

1688

SAMe/SAM (S-adenosylmethionine)

1719

1721

in Pneumocystis pneumonia

1541

Sand flies See also Flies

leishmaniasis transmitted by

1480

Sandostatin See Octreotide SaO2 (oxygen saturation)

in ARDS

310

in asthma, exacerbation severity and

229

237

home oxygen therapy and

240

in near drowning victim

1602

oximetry for measurement of

223–224

relationship of to partial pressure of oxygen

223–224

224

in sleep apnea

306

in smoke inhalation

293

SAPE (sentinel acute pancreatitis event)

698

Saphenous vein

superficial thrombophlebitis of

473

varicose

468

Saphenous vein bypass graft, for lower extremity occlusive disease

455

Saquinavir

1337

1341

1343

See also Antiretroviral therapy

interaction with garlic and

1715

resistance to

1345

Sarafem See Fluoxetine

Saralasin, hypertension in Cushing's syndrome affected by

423

Sarcocystis bovihominis/suihominis (sarcocystosis)

1475

1478

Sarcoidosis

278–279

arthritis in

861

hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria in

279

1152

neuropathy associated with

1026

nose and paranasal sinus involvement and

201

pulmonary involvement and

278–279

Sarcoma See also specific type

intestinal

612

soft tissue, chemotherapy for

1665

Sarcoptes scabiei infection (scabies)

134–135

Sargramostim (GM-CSF)

for chemotherapy-induced toxicity

1671

1678

1680

for HIV infection/AIDS

1346

for infection in cancer/immunocompromised host

1291

1694

for neutropenia

499

tumor vaccines and

1700

Sarin, poisoning caused by

1621–1622

Sarna See Camphor/menthol preparations

SARS See Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Saturday night palsy

1029

Saturnine gout, in lead poisoning

812

926

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens)

1713

1718

for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960

1713

1718

Saxitoxin, paralytic shellfish poisoning caused by

1635

Sb See Stibogluconate

SBR Lipocream

90

Scabene See Lindane

Scabies

134–135

Scaling skin disorders

92

94–108

See also specific type

Scalp

allergic contact dermatitis involving

114

injuries of

1020

in pediculosis

135

psoriasis of

98

seborrhea of

100

Scalpicin See Hydrocortisone

Scarlet fever

1355

1400

Scarring, prevention of in burn injury

1598

Scarring (cicatricial) alopecias

144

Scedosporium apiospermum/prolificans, opportunistic infections caused by

1547

1550

Schatzki rings

572

dysphagia caused by

564

Schilling test

in bacterial overgrowth

605

in fish tapeworm infection

1509

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

1743

Schirmer test, in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)

157

Sj gren's syndrome diagnosis and

842

Schistocytes, in microangiopathic hemolytic anemia/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

497

521

Schistosoma (schistosomiasis)

1501–1504

bladder cancer and

967

1502

haematobium

1501

1502

1503

intercalatum

1501

japonicum

1501

1502

1503

mansoni

1501

1502

1503

mekongi

1501

1503

Schizoaffective disorders

1057

Schizoid personality disorder

1055

Schizophrenia

1056–1065

See also Psychotic disorders

classification of

1056–1057

depression and

1057

1058

differential diagnosis of

1058

drug therapy for

1059–1064

1059

1060

1063

See also Antipsychotic drugs

mania differentiated from

1058

1067

positive and negative symptoms in

1056

antipsychotic drugs affecting

1061

suicide risk and

1067

Schizophreniform disorders

1057

Schizotypal personality disorder

1055

Schmidt's syndrome

1144

1165

1201

Schneiderian papillomas

200

Schober's test of lumbar motion

818

Schwannoma

gastrointestinal

599

vestibular (acoustic neuroma/neurinoma/eighth nerve tumor)

193–194

1000

hearing loss and

180

193

1000

in neurofibromatosis

1006

Sciatic nerve palsy

1029

Scintigraphy See specific type

Scl-70 (scleroderma) antibody

799

836

839

SCLC See Small cell carcinoma of lung

SCLE See Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Sclera

blue, in osteogenesis imperfecta

1102

lacerations of

172

Scleritis, inflammation patterns in

153

Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)

838–840

autoantibodies in

799

836

839

dysphagia in

564

838

839

limited See CREST syndrome

linear

839

Raynaud's phenomenon and

465

838

839

Scleroderma (anti-Scl-70) antibody

799

836

839

Scleroderma renal crisis

838–839

839

Sclerotherapy

for esophageal varices

574

prevention of first bleeding episode and, contraindications to

576

prevention of rebleeding and

575

for hemorrhoids

644

for malignant effusions

1693

for varicose veins

470

Sclerotomy, for glaucoma

161

Scolex, tapeworm

1508

1509

Scolicides, for hydatid cysts

1514

1515

Scoliosis, in syringomyelia

1021

Scombroid poisoning

1635

1635

Scopolamine, overdose/toxicity of

1620

Scorpion stings

1636

Scotch tape test

for enterobiasis/pinworm infection diagnosis

1521

for T saginata diagnosis

1509

Scotomas See also Visual field defects/loss

in migraine headache

975

in optic neuritis

169

Scratch-itch cycle See also Pruritus

in lichen simplex chronicus

97

Scratching/burning, of eye

150

Screamer's nodules

210

P.1861

Screening tests

3

See also specific type and disorder and Diagnostic/laboratory tests; Genetic testing; Prenatal testing

in cancer prevention

1654–1656

for genetic cancer risk factors

1643

in prenatal care

764

psychologic/psychiatric

1040

Scrofula (mycobacterial lymphadenitis)

215–216

1438

Scrotal mass See Testes, masses/tumors of

Scrotum

examination of

933–934

pain in

931

See also Testicular pain

in epididymitis

933

943

Scrub typhus

1392

1394–1395

Scuba/deep sea diving

auditory tube dysfunction/otic barotrauma and

183

184

decompression/dysbaric illness and

1603

Scurvy

1275

SDHB/SDHC/SDHD gene mutations, in pheochromocytoma

1175–1176

Seafood poisonings

1634–1635

1635

See also Fish; Shellfish

Seasonal affective disorder

1066

1068

1074

Seborrheic dermatitis

100

in HIV infection/AIDS

100

1328

pityriasis rosea differentiated from

99–100

tinea differentiated from

100

102

Seborrheic keratoses

93

Seclusion rooms, for aggressive/violent patient

1082

Second-degree burn

1595

Second-degree heart block

382–383

in myocardial infarction

362

Second-hand smoke See Passive smoking

Second heart sound (S2)

315

See also Heart sounds

Secretin stimulation test, in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma

595

Secretory diarrhea

548

549

See also Diarrhea

Sectral See Acebutolol

Secundum atrial septal defect

320

Sedation

opioids causing

79

terminal

69

Sedative-hypnotics

for alcohol withdrawal

1086

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for anxiety/stress disorders

1042

for insomnia

1079–1080

for nausea and vomiting

540

540

overdose/toxicity of

1624–1625

sleep stages affected by

1079

Sedentary lifestyle

lipid abnormalities and

12

1244

prevention of

12–13

urinary stone formation and

944

Seizures

980–986

981

984–985

See also specific type and Epilepsy; Status epilepticus

absence (petit mal)

981

981

985

alcohol withdrawal

980

985–986

1084

antidepressant use and

1071

atonic

982

brain abscess causing

980

1004

cerebral arteriovenous malformations causing

997

classification of

980–982

981

drug selection and

983

984–985

clonic

982

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by

1091

in cysticercosis

1510

1512

degenerative disorders and

980

differential diagnosis of

982–983

drug therapy for

983–985

984–985

See also Anticonvulsant therapy

flumazenil causing

1625

generalized

981–982

981

982–983

984

in hypocalcemia

878

hypoparathyroidism and

1148

hysterical (pseudoseizures)

983

1048

infection/infectious diseases and

980

intracranial mass lesions causing

980

1001

in malaria (severe P falciparum infection)

1497

myoclonic

981

981

985

1012

1013

panic disorder differentiated from

982

1043

partial/focal

980–981

981

982

984

in poisoning/drug overdose

1609–1610

1610

with antidepressants

1071

1637

with theophylline

1610

1636

1637

posttraumatic

980

during pregnancy, eclampsia and

771

772

773

pregnancy in patient with

780

schizophrenia differentiated from

1058

serial

982

solitary

985

in Sturge-Weber syndrome

1006

surgical management of

985

in tetanus

1409

tonic

982

tonic-clonic (grand mal)

981–982

981

984

transient ischemic attacks differentiated from

982

989–990

in tuberous sclerosis

1006

vagal nerve stimulation for

985

vascular disorders and

980

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

1189

1670

1673

See also Tamoxifen

in breast cancer prevention

706

1651–1652

1652

for osteoporosis

1157

1189

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors See Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors

Selegiline

overdose/toxicity of

1629

for parkinsonism

1009

Selenium

in cancer prevention

1651

dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for

1256

Self-examination, breast

in cancer screening

14

15

708

1655

in fibrocystic breast condition

703

Self-help groups See Support groups

Self-monitoring of blood glucose, in diabetes mellitus

1200

1217

Self-mutilation

1068

Self-treatment (standby treatment), for malaria

1488

1496

Semen, blood in (hematospermia)

932

Semen analysis, in infertility workup

748

953–954

953

Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis See Klinefelter's syndrome

Seminomas

971

972

1182

SEN-V virus

652

Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, for esophageal varices

575

Senile cataract

163

Senna

543

544

Sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy See Neuropathies

Sensorineural hearing loss

180

See also Hearing loss

in HIV infection/AIDS

194

vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neurinoma) causing

180

193

1000

Sensory disturbances/loss

988

See also Neuropathies

confusion/dementia and

57

in diabetes

1223

dissociated

988

in elderly, cognitive functioning and

57

in intracranial mass lesions

1001

in leprosy

1025

1439

in spinal cord infarction

999

in spinal trauma

1021

in stroke

991

993

995

Sensory hearing loss

180

187–189

See also Hearing loss

sudden

188

tinnitus and

189

Sentinel acute pancreatitis event (SAPE)

698

Sentinel loop, in pancreatitis

695

Sentinel lymph node biopsy, in breast cancer

718

1658

arm edema avoidance and

725

Sentinel pile

647

Seoul viruses

1378

Sepsis/septic shock

477–478

478

479

480

See also Bacteremia

in burn injury

1597

gram-negative

1423–1425

in listeriosis

1414

postabortion, anaerobic

1435

in pyelonephritis

939

vibrios causing

1428

1553

Septal ablation, for cardiomyopathy

403

Septal hematoma, in nasal trauma

199–200

Septal hypertrophy, in cardiomyopathy

402

403

Septata species See Encephalitozoon

Septic (nongonococcal acute bacterial) arthritis

855–856

1402

1555

in drug users

855

1298

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

828

Septic thrombophlebitis

473

1555

anaerobic infections and

1434

1434–1435

in drug user

1298

ruptured appendicitis and

613

sigmoid sinus, otitis media and

186

Septoplasty, nasal, for sleep apnea

306

Septra See Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Sequoiosis

296

Serax See Oxazepam

Serenoa repens (saw palmetto)

1713

1718

for benign prostatic hyperplasia

960

1713

1718

Serentil See Mesoridazine

Serevent See Salmeterol

Serial seizures

982

See also Seizures

Serine protease inhibitor (SPINK1) gene, in chronic pancreatitis

698

Serine threonine kinase gene, in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

636

SERMs See Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

851–855

See also specific type

back pain in

818

HLA in

851–852

Seroquel See Quetiapine

Serotonin

carcinoids secreting

611

1178

1692

in migraine headache

975

Serotonin receptor agonists, for irritable bowel syndrome

618

P.1862

Serotonin receptor-blocking agents See also Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors

antipsychotic drugs

1060

1061

for irritable bowel syndrome

618

for migraine

976

for nausea and vomiting

540

540

Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

1070–1071

1072

for depression

1070–1071

1072

for irritable bowel syndrome

617

for obesity

1269

for obsessive-compulsive disorders

1047

1070

overdose/toxicity of

1070

1072

for panic attacks

1046

1070

for personality disorders

1056

for phobic disorder

1046

for posttraumatic stress disorder

1042

1070

during pregnancy

1070

for psychosexual disorders

1054

serotonin syndrome caused by

1070

1629

sexual side effects of

1070

withdrawal from

1070

Serotonin syndrome

1070

1610

1629

1637

1638

St. John's wort causing

1714

Serous otitis media

183–184

in HIV infection/AIDS

194

nasopharyngeal carcinoma causing

184

Serous retinal detachment See Retina, detachment of

Serpasil See Reserpine

Serratia

1553

Sertoli cell tumors

971

1171

1182

Sertraline

1068

1070

1072

See also Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors

for migraine prophylaxis

976

overdose/toxicity of, seizures/serotonin syndrome caused by

1637

Serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)

559

560

in cirrhosis

670

in liver congestion due to heart failure

680

in mesothelioma

563

in pancreatic ascites

563

in peritoneal carcinomatosis

562

in portal hypertension

562

Serum osmolality See Osmolality

Serum protein electrophoresis, laboratory reference range for

1741

Serum sickness

794–795

See also Immune complex disease

penicillin allergy causing

1565

Serzone See Nefazodone

Sestamibi technetium-99m scintigraphy See Technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy

Set point, of body temperature, in fever

26

Sevelamer, for hyperphosphatemia

883

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

1384–1386

Sex See Gender

Sex change surgery, for transsexuals

1053

1054

Sex chromosomes See X chromosome; Y chromosome

Sex hormone-binding globulin

1170

1181

Sex steroids, replacement therapy with

1106–1107

See also Estrogen (hormone) replacement therapy

for hypogonadism

1106–1107

for osteoporosis

1156

Sexual abuse, child

1052

intrafamilial (incest)

1052

prevention of

16–17

Sexual arousal disorders (paraphilias)

1052–1053

1053–1054

Sexual assault (rape)

758–760

gamma-hydroxybutyrate (“date rape” drug) use and

1625

sexually transmitted disease and

759

1297–1298

Sexual behavior, high-risk

HIV infection/AIDS and

1318–1319

1331

postexposure prophylaxis and

1333

syphilis and

1443

1447

Sexual desire, disorders of

1053

Sexual dysfunction

drugs causing

950

951

1101

1102

antidepressants

1070

1071

antipsychotics

1062

lithium

1076

endocrine causes of

951

1101

1105

in female

1053

in male

950–954

1053

1101

1102

1180

See also Erectile dysfunction/impotence

psychosexual

1053

1054

in renal failure

911

Sexual intercourse

HIV infection/AIDS transmission risk and

1318–1319

1331

1333

postexposure prophylaxis and

1333

painful See Dyspareunia

unlawful (statutory rape)

759

unprotected, emergency contraception and

757

IUD for

755

757

Sexual masochism

1052

Sexual sadism

1052

Sexually transmitted diseases

1297–1298

See also specific disease

drug use and

1298

IUD use and

755

during pregnancy

780

rape and

759

1297–1298

reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome and

854

S zary cells, in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)

106

S zary syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis and

106

107

SGOT See Aspartate aminotransferase

SGPT See Alanine aminotransferase

Shagreen patches, in tuberous sclerosis

1006

Shaver's disease

295

Shaving

pseudofolliculitis and

119

sycosis and

118

Shawl sign

840

SHBG See Sex hormone-binding globulin

Sheep cell agglutination tests, in mononucleosis

1359

Sheep liver fluke, fascioliasis caused by

1505

Shellfish, contaminated

angiostrongyliasis transmitted by

1516–1517

gnathostomiasis transmitted by

1524

poisoning caused by

1635

1635

vibrio infection caused by

1428

Shiga-like toxins, E coli producing

545

546

1427

Shigella, dysenteriae/flexneri/sonnei (shigellosis/bacillary dysentery)

545

1299

1300

1301

1303

1426–1427

1556

Shin spots, diabetic

1100

1225

Shingles See Herpes zoster

Shock

477–480

478

cardiogenic

357

357

363

477

478

479

480

classification of

477–478

478

dengue

1377

distributive

477–478

478

479–480

in ectopic pregnancy

770

in heat stroke

1594

hypovolemic

477

478

impending

478

neurogenic

478–479

478

479

obstructive

477

478

after pheochromocytoma removal

1177

septic See Sepsis/septic shock

Shock liver

680

Shock wave lithotripsy

for renal stones

947

for ureteral stones

947

Short-acting insulin

1212

1213

1214

See also Insulin therapy

Short bowel syndrome

605–606

lactic acidosis and

887

Short stature, in Turner's syndrome

1189

1190

Shortness of breath See Dyspnea

Shoulder-hand syndrome

822

Shoulder pain

in polymyalgia rheumatica

846

rotator cuff disorders and

823–824

Shunts

in atrial septal defect

321

in patent ductus arteriosus

324

portosystemic See Portosystemic shunts

in ventricular septal defect

322

Shy-Drager syndrome

1008

dysautonomia and

987

SIADH See Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

Sialadenitis

208

Sialolithiasis

208

Siberian Asian tick typhus

1392

1396

Siberian ginseng

1717

Sibutramine, for obesity

1099

1269

Sicca syndrome, HLA in

801

Sick role, chronic pain disorders and

1050

Sick sinus syndrome

382

Sickle cell anemia

493–494

494

cholelithiasis/gallstones and

493

genetic/prenatal testing for

493

775

hematogenous osteomyelitis and

858

in pregnancy

775

renal dysfunction associated with

929–930

screening test for

493–494

Sickle cell glomerulopathy

929–930

Sickle cell retinopathy

168

Sickle cell trait

494

494

Sickle thalassemia

494

494

Sideroblasts/sideroblastic anemia

486

myelodysplasia and

486

506

507

Siderosis

295

Sigmoid esophagus

580

Sigmoid sinus thrombosis, otitis media and

186

Sigmoidoscopy

in adenomatous polyp identification

634

635

642

in antibiotic-associated colitis

619

in cancer screening

15

642

1655–1656

1656

in diarrhea

550

in gastrointestinal bleeding

555

in ulcerative colitis

628

Signal-averaged ECG, in arrhythmia evaluation

367–368

Significant others See Family/significant others

SIL See Squamous intraepithelial lesions

Sildenafil

contraindications to with nitroglycerin

454

952

1224

P.1863

for erectile dysfunction

454

952

1054

1224

antidepressant-induced

1070

for pulmonary hypertension

411

Silent myocardial ischemia/angina

342

346

Silent (subclinical) thyroiditis

1144

See also Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis

Silent ulcers

587

gastrointestinal bleeding and

592

Silicone gel breast implants See Breast implants

Silicosis

295

296

Silo-filler's disease

297

Silver sulfadiazine, for burn wounds

1597

Simple partial seizures

980–981

981

See also Seizures

Simple renal cysts

927–928

927

Simultagnosia, intracranial mass lesions causing

1001

Simvastatin

341

1250

1251

See also Statin drugs

in cancer prevention

1653

Sin Nombre virus

1378

Sinemet See Carbidopa/levodopa

Sinequan See Doxepin

Singer's nodules

210

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in angina

345

Singulair See Montelukast

Singultus (hiccups)

540–541

Sinoatrial exit block (sick sinus syndrome)

382

Sinus arrest (sick sinus syndrome)

382

Sinus arrhythmia

371–372

Sinus bradycardia

372

See also Bradycardia/bradyarrhythmias

in myocardial infarction

356

361

persistent (sick sinus syndrome)

382

in poisoning/drug overdose

1609

in sleep apnea

306

Sinus tachycardia

372

See also Tachycardia/tachyarrhythmia

in hyperthyroidism

1137

1141

in myocardial infarction

356

361

in poisoning/drug overdose

1609

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

320

321

Sinuses See Paranasal sinuses

Sinusitis

195–197

1556

anaerobic

1434

in aspergillosis

217

1544

cough caused by

21

219

diffuse panbronchiolitis and

247

facial pain associated with

195

979

headache and

974

in HIV infection/AIDS

217

1323–1324

nasopharyngeal/paranasal sinus cancer and

196

201

Sipple's syndrome See Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2a

Sirolimus

804

SIRS See Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Sisomicin

1572

Sister Mary Joseph nodule

597

700

Sitaxentan, for pulmonary hypertension

411

Siti (endemic syphilis)

1454

Situational (stress and adjustment) disorders

1041–1043

Sixth disease (exanthema subitum)

1355

1362

Sixth nerve paralysis

170

Sj gren's syndrome

842–843

autoantibodies in

799

836

842–843

cryoglobulinemia and

850

Skeletal hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic (DISH)

853

Skeletal system disorders See Bone; Musculoskeletal disorders

Skin

86–149

biopsy of

in cutaneous leishmaniasis

1481

in leprosy

1439

in onchocerciasis

1528

in Rocky Mountain spotted fever

1395

caustic/corrosive injuries of

1617

1618

decontamination of

1610–1611

1617

1618

1632

nerve agents in chemical warfare and

1611

1622

disorders of See specific type and Skin cancer; Skin disorders

dry

atopic dermatitis and

95

emollients for

86–91

90

hardening of See Scleroderma

Skin cancer See also specific type

basal cell carcinoma

130

ear involved in

181

eyelid involved in

154–155

melanoma

92

94

squamous cell carcinoma

130–131

sun avoidance in prevention of

14

91

1648

Skin disorders

86–149

See also specific type and

Dermatitis

anaerobic infections

1435

anthrax

1411

1412

1413

arthropod infestations

136–137

in blastomycosis

1545

blistering (bullous)

92

125–127

cancer See Skin cancer

cancer-related

1696–1697

candidal infection

121

chemotherapy causing

1683

chilblain (erythema pernio)

1591

in chromoblastomycosis

1547

in cutaneous larva migrans

1519

in cutaneous leishmaniasis

1480–1481

1484–1485

in diabetes mellitus

1198

1225–1226

diagnosis of

86

in dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection)

1520

in drug users

1298

drugs causing (dermatitis medicamentosa/drug eruption)

146–149

147–149

erosive

92

erythemas

92

121–125

frostbite

1591

1591–1592

fungal infections

100–104

See also Tinea

in HIV infection/AIDS

1328

in Graves' disease (Graves' dermopathy/pretibial myxedema)

1135

1137

1142

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327–1328

in hookworm disease

1519

in leprosy

1439

in Lyme disease

123–124

1458

1461

morbilliform

92

in mycetoma

1547

mycobacterial infections

1438

nicotine replacement therapy causing

9

nodules

92

inflammatory

137–139

violaceous to purple

131–132

in onchocerciasis

1527

1528

papules

92

127–131

violaceous to purple

131–132

photodermatitis

92

139–140

pigmentary

142–144

1100

See also Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation

drugs causing

143

148–149

endocrine causes of

1100

in hypercarotenosis

1100

1276

pigmented lesions

92–94

92

in polyarteritis nodosa

845

pruritus (itching) and

92

132–137

See also specific cause

pustular

92

115–121

radiation causing

1600

1683

scaling

92

94–108

in schistosomiasis

1502

in sporotrichosis

1546

staphylococcal infections

1405–1406

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327

streptococcal infections

1401

in strongyloidiasis

1530

in syphilis

1449

1450

treatment of

86–91

87–90

complications of

91

ulcers

92

140–142

decubitus (pressure)

140–141

141

bed rest/immobility and

60

140–141

in diabetics

1223

1225

in dracunculiasis (guinea worm infection)

1520

in leishmaniasis

1480–1481

1484

1485

in mycetoma

1547

in paracoccidioidomycosis

1546

in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

462

venous insufficiency/varicose veins/lower extremity occlusive disease and

141–142

453

469

474

venous insufficiency/varicose veins and See Stasis dermatitis

vesicular

92

108–113

warfarin causing

532

weeping/crusted

92

113–115

drying agents for

91

Skin grafts, in burn care

1597

Skin-sparing mastectomy

718

Skin substitutes, in burn care

1598

Skin test anergy

negative tuberculin skin test and

259

in sarcoidosis

279

Skin tests See also specific type

in allergic disorders

791

drug allergies and

793

1315–1316

food allergies and

791

793

penicillin allergy and

793

1315–1316

1564

in nutritional status assessment

1263

Skull fractures

1019

1020

See also Head injury

vertigo caused by

191

SLE See Systemic lupus erythematosus

Sleep

abnormal behaviors during

1080–1081

age-related changes in

1078

breathing disorders and

305–306

disorders of

1078–1081

periodic leg movements of

1013

stages of

1078

Sleep apnea

305–306

1080

testosterone replacement therapy and

1182

Sleep attacks, in narcolepsy

1080

Sleep hygiene

1079

Sleep panic attacks

1043

Sleep paralysis, in narcolepsy

1080

Sleep terror (pavor nocturnus)

1080

Sleepiness See Somnolence

Sleeping sickness

1463–1465

Sleepwalking (somnambulism)

1014

1080–1081

P.1864

Small cell carcinoma of lung

267

See also Lung cancer

myasthenic syndrome in

268

1035

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with

267–268

1696–1697

staging of

268

survival rates for

272

272

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion and

267

treatment of

271

1664

Small intestine See also under Intestinal

adenocarcinomas in

610

bacterial overgrowth in

604–605

irritable bowel syndrome and

616

vitamin B12 deficiency and

487

605

biopsy of

in celiac disease

602–603

in Whipple's disease

604

carcinoid tumors in

611–612

digestion in

601

disorders of

600–615

malabsorption and

600–607

600

motility disorders

607–609

See also Intestinal obstruction

polyps

610

tumors

610–612

evaluation of, in occult gastrointestinal bleeding

558

lymphomas in

610–611

obstruction of See Intestinal obstruction

resection of, short bowel syndrome and

605–606

sarcomas in

612

Small intestine push enteroscopy, in gastrointestinal bleeding

556

558

Smallpox (variola)

110–111

1356

1388

bioterrorism and

111

1312

1388

Smallpox (variola) vaccination

4–5

111

1312–1313

1388

atopic dermatitis/eczema and

96

111

1313

1388

Sm-153 EDTMP (samarium-153 lexidronam), for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/bone pain

1678

1688

Smell, disorders of sensation of

198

Smith antibody, in systemic lupus erythematosus

799

835

836

Smoke inhalation

293–294

1596

Smoking

asbestosis and

296

bladder cancer and

967

breast cancer and

5

cessation of

5–8

6–7

8

9

10

11

acupuncture for

1726

1729

acute coronary syndromes and

353

bupropion for

7

11

in cancer prevention

5

1646–1647

in cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease prevention

5–8

6–7

8

9

10

11

339

in COPD prevention/management

240

for myocardial infarction

365

nicotine replacement therapy for

7

8

9

10

postoperative pulmonary complications reduced by

42

strategies for

6–8

6–7

8

for thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

463

in COPD

5

238

coronary heart disease and

5

339

cough and

219

environmental exposure and

health hazards of

5

asthma

227

cancer

5

during pregnancy

765

esophageal cancer and

577

Graves' ophthalmopathy flare and

1140

1141

health hazards of

5

1646–1647

hemoptysis and

220

hypertension and

422

laryngeal leukoplakia and

210

laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and

211

lung cancer and

267

1646

1647

as co-carcinogen with industrial exposures

297

oral cancer and

202

P53 gene mutations and

5

1647

peptic ulcer disease and

589

591

pneumothorax and

303

304

postoperative pulmonary complications associated with

41

during pregnancy

765

preventable disease/deaths caused by

2

5

in renal cell carcinoma

969

respiratory bronchiolitis and

247

sleep disorders and

1079

thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) and

462

ulcerative colitis and

627

in ureteral and renal pelvis cancer

969

Snails, in disease transmission See Cercariae/metacercariae

Snake bites, poisonous

1611

1635–1636

Snellen chart, for visual acuity testing

151

in elderly

51

52

Sniffing (solvents/gases)

1090

1627

1632–1633

1633

Snoring, in sleep apnea

306

Snow blindness

172

Soapsuds enema

543

Social challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient

83

83

Social phobias

1044

1046

Social support See Support groups

Sodium

1259

dietary

1259

hypertension and

422

during pregnancy

766

requirements for in nutritional support

1282

restriction of See Sodium-restricted diet

in urinary stone formation

943–944

disorders of concentration of

866–872

See also Hypernatremia; Hyponatremia

fractional excretion of, in acute renal failure

901

902

hyperosmolality caused by

872

intracellular, in hypertension

422

laboratory reference range (normal values) for

866

1742

replacement of

894

895

See also Saline

in heat exposure syndromes

1593

1594

urine

in acute renal failure

901

in hyponatremia

866

Sodium bicarbonate See Bicarbonate

Sodium butyrate, for radiation-induced toxicity

1683

Sodium channel blocking drugs, for arrhythmias

368

369

Sodium channel gene, defect in periodic paralysis

1037

Sodium iodide I 131 See 131I

Sodium ipodate See Ipodate sodium

Sodium nitrite, for cyanide poisoning

1611

1623

1623

Sodium nitroprusside See Nitroprusside

Sodium phosphate, for constipation/bowel cleansing

543

544

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, for hyperkalemia

876

877

Sodium-restricted diet

1278

for cardiac failure

395

for chronic renal failure

909

912

in cirrhosis

670

for hypertension

421

426

for nephrotic syndrome

921

for urinary stone disease

943–944

Sodium salicylate, in pain management

76

Sodium stibogluconate (antimony), for leishmaniasis

1481

1481–1482

1483

1484

Sodium sulfacetamide See Sulfacetamide

Sodium thiosulfate, for cyanide poisoning

1611

1623

1623

Sodoku

1455

Soft diet

1278

Soft tissue infections

anaerobic

1435

mycobacterial

1438

staphylococcal

1405–1406

Solar lentigines (liver spots)

93

143

Soles of feet

tinea of

103–104

vesiculobullous dermatitis of (pompholyx)

111–112

Solitary pulmonary nodule

265–266

in dirofilariasis

1522

in metastatic disease

273

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome

646

Solitary (simple) renal cysts

927–928

927

Solitary seizures

985

Solitary thyroid nodule

1120

1121–1122

toxic

1135

1140

Soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist See Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist

Soluble liver antigen–liver pancreas antibodies, in autoimmune hepatitis

663

Solvents

bladder cancer caused by exposure to

967

toxicity/abuse of

1090

1632–1633

1633

Somatization disorder (Briquet's syndrome/hysteria)

1048

Somatoform disorders

1047–1049

Somatoform pain disorder

1048

Somatostatin/somatostatin analogs See also Octreotide

for acromegaly/gigantism

1111

D cells secreting

1178

for esophageal varices

574–575

in Huntington's disease

1011

for peptic ulcer bleeding

592

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy

in islet cell tumors

1179

in pheochromocytoma

1176

in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome/gastrinoma

595

Somatostatinomas

1178

1191

Somatotropin (somatrem/human growth hormone)

1107

See also Growth hormone

Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

1014

1080–1081

Somnolence, excessive

1080

restless legs syndrome causing

1013

in sleep apnea

306

1080

Somogyi effect

1219

1219

Sonata See Zaleplon

P.1865

Sonography See Ultrasonography

Sorbitol

for constipation

543

544

for diabetics

1206

diarrhea caused by

549

Sore throat See Pharyngitis

Sotalol

370

for atrial fibrillation

377

breast feeding and

786

toxicity of

368–371

370

South African tick fever

1392

South American blastomycosis (paracoccidioidomycosis)

1546

Southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI)

1457

Soy protein, in cancer prevention

1652–1653

Space-occupying lesions, intracranial and spinal

999–1004

1000

See also Intracranial mass lesions; Spinal cord, tumors of

Spasticity

1016

in motor neuron diseases

988

1016

spinal trauma causing

1021

in tetanus

1409

Specimen collection

tubes for

1743

for urinalysis

896

934

SPECT See Single photon emission computed tomography

Spectazole See Econazole

Spectinomycin

1572

1574

Spectracef See Cefditoren

Spectrin, abnormality of in hereditary spherocytosis

490

Speech

assessment of in mental status exam

1038

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1057

stroke affecting

991

Speech discrimination

presbyacusis and

188

testing, in hearing loss

180–181

vestibular schwannoma affecting

193

“Speed”

1089

SPEP See Serum protein electrophoresis

Sperm

inadequate transport of, infertility and

750

intracytoplasmic injection of

750

Sperm analysis, in infertility workup

748

953–954

953

Spermatogenesis

hormone therapy for improvement of

1107

radiation exposure affecting

1600

Spermicides, in contraceptive products

756

Sphenoid sinusitis

195

Spherocytes

in autoimmune hemolytic anemia

495

in hereditary spherocytosis

491

Spherocytosis, hereditary

490–491

Sphincter of Oddi disorder, in postcholecystectomy syndrome

688

Sphincterotomy

for choledocholithiasis/cholangitis

689

690

during pregnancy

782

for pancreatitis

696

697

Sphincters See specific type

Sphingolipid, accumulation of in Gaucher's disease

1705

1706

Spider bites

136

1636

Spider nevi, in cirrhosis

669

Spinal cord

arteriovenous malformations of

999

cavitation of (syringomyelia)

1021

in cysticercosis

1511

1512

epidural/subdural hemorrhage and

999

in HIV infection/AIDS

1324

infarction of

999

1021

subacute combined degeneration of

1016–1017

transection of

1021

traumatic injury of

1020–1021

syringomyelia and

1021

tumors of

1003

back pain caused by

817

cord compression by

1003

1689–1690

dysautonomia caused by

987

vascular diseases of

999

vasculitis

851

Spinal muscular atrophy

juvenile

1022

progressive

1022

Spinal poliomyelitis

1366

Spinal shock See Neurogenic shock

Spinal stenosis, lumbar

819–820

Spine See also Spinal cord

bamboo

852

tuberculosis of (Pott's disease)

860

tumors of

1003

back pain caused by

817

cord compression caused by

1003

1689–1690

SPINK1 gene, in chronic pancreatitis

698

Spinnbarkeit, in infertility workup

749

Spinocerebellar degeneration, in vitamin E deficiency

1016

Spiral (helical) CT See also Computed tomography

in colorectal cancer screening (virtual colonoscopy)

16

643

1656

in lung cancer screening

265

1655

1657

in pulmonary embolism

283

in urinary stone evaluation

899

945

Spirillary rat-bite fever

1455

Spirillum minus

1455

Spiritual challenges, for terminally ill/dying patient

83–84

84

Spirochetal infections

1443–1462

1554

See also specific type

non-sexually transmitted

1453–1454

syphilis

1443–1453

Spirometry

222

223

224

See also Pulmonary function tests

in asthma

227

assessment/monitoring/prevention and

237

exacerbation management and

236

in COPD

238

incentive, prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications and

42

in lung cancer

270

Spironolactone

for cardiac failure

391

392

for cirrhotic ascites

670

for hirsutism/virilization

1171

for hypertension

429

with hydrochlorothiazide

430

lithium interactions and

1077

for myocardial infarction

360–361

Splenda See Sucralose

Splenectomy

for autoimmune hemolytic anemia

496

babesiosis and

1474

for hereditary spherocytosis

491

for idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura

519

infections and

1289

for myelofibrosis

504

Splenic artery aneurysm

450

Splenic cyst, hydatid

1514

Splenic rupture, in infectious mononucleosis

1359

Splenic vein thrombosis, noncirrhotic portal hypertension caused by

680

Splenomegaly

in chronic myelogenous leukemia

504

in cirrhosis

669

in essential thrombocytosis

502

in hairy cell leukemia

511

in myelofibrosis

503

in noncirrhotic portal hypertension

680

in polycythemia

500

Splinter hemorrhages, in endocarditis

1415

Splints, for rheumatoid arthritis

829–830

Splitting, of second heart sound

315

Spondylitic heart disease

852

Spondylitis, ankylosing See Ankylosing spondylitis

Spondyloarthropathies, seronegative

851–855

See also specific type

back pain in

818

HLA in

851–852

Spondylolisthesis, back pain in

818

Spondylosis, cervical

816

1031

Spongiform encephalopathy, bovine (mad cow disease)

1374–1375

Spontaneous abortion

768–769

with IUD in place

755

in lupus anticoagulant-anticardiolipin-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

775

776

837

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

559

560–562

in cirrhosis

560

671

Spontaneous pneumothorax See Pneumothorax

Spoon nails

145

Sporanox See Itraconazole

Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis)

1546

Sports medicine injuries

823–826

Spots before eyes (floaters)

151

Spotted fevers

1392

1395–1396

Spousal abuse (domestic violence)

1081

1082

prevention of

16–17

Sprains, ankle

826

Sprue, celiac See Celiac disease

Sputum examination

in ascariasis

1518

blood found on (hemoptysis)

220

in bronchiectasis

244

in COPD

239

in lung cancer

268

in nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

264

in paragonimiasis

1507

in pneumonia

251

254

anaerobic/lung abscess

255

pneumococcal

1403

pneumocystis

256

1322

1541

in tuberculosis

257

Squamous cell carcinoma

of anus

648

in HIV infection/AIDS

648

of bladder

967

of ear canal

183

intraepidermal (Bowen's disease)

107

of larynx

211–212

212

laryngeal leukoplakia and

210

of lung

267

nasopharyngeal

201

inverted/schneiderian papillomas and

200

metastatic neck masses and

216

oral

202

of skin

130–131

actinic keratoses and

107

130

of vulva

739

740

P.1866

Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL)

734

735

“Square root” sign

404

410

Squaric acid dibutylester, for wart removal

129

Squatting, heart murmurs affected by

329

SRS See Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy

SS-A/Ro antibody

799

836

in lupus erythematosus

105

799

836

in Sj gren's syndrome

799

836

842–843

SS-B/La antibody

836

in Sj gren's syndrome

836

842–843

SSc See Scleroderma

SSPE See Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

SSRIs See Serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors

ST elevation acute coronary syndromes

347

352

See also Acute coronary syndromes; ST segment changes

ST elevation (Q wave) infarction

355

356

See also Myocardial infarction; ST segment changes

percutaneous coronary intervention for

360

pericarditis and

364

ventricular aneurysm and

364

St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)

1711–1714

1713

St. Louis encephalitis

1371–1373

ST segment changes

in acute coronary syndromes

352

in angina

344

346

Prinzmetal's (variant)

347

antidepressants causing

1071

antipsychotic drugs causing

1062

in hypertension

426

in hypokalemia

873

in hypomagnesemia

884

in infectious myocarditis

399

in myocardial infarction

353

355

356

in pericarditis

407

in pulmonary embolism

281

282

Stalevo See Entacapone, for parkinsonism, with levodopa and carbidopa

Standard days method of contraception

757

Standing, heart murmurs affected by

329

Stannosis

295

Stapedectomy

187

Staphylococcus (staphylococcal infections)

aureus

1405–1408

atopic dermatitis

95

bacteremia

1407

breast abscess

704

in burn injury

1597

endocarditis

1415

1416

1419

food poisoning/gastroenteritis

545

1300

1301

furuncles

138

1406

1556

glomerulonephritis after

915

impetigo

113

methicillin-resistant (MRSA)

1328

1406

1407

1419

1552

in burn injury

1597–1598

impetigo and

113

nasal vestibulitis

197

osteomyelitis

1406–1407

pneumonia

248

251

252

253

254–255

of skin and soft tissues

1405–1406

in HIV infection/AIDS

1327

toxic shock syndrome

1407–1408

carrier state and

1405

furunculosis/carbuncles and

138

1406

mupirocin for elimination of

1577

cellulitis

125

coagulase-negative

1408

burn wound infection

1408

1597

endocarditis

1408

1415

1419

cohnii

1408

drug resistance and

1328

1406

1407

1408

epidermidis

1408

folliculitis

118

1406

haemolyticus

1408

hominis

1408

keratitis

158

methicillin-resistant

1328

1406

1407

1552

in burn injury

1597–1598

impetigo and

113

non-penicillinase-producing

1552

penicillinase-producing

1552

saccharolyticus

1408

saprophyticus

1408

warnerii

1408

STARI (Southern tick-associated rash illness)

1457

Starling's law of the heart

386

Starlix See Nateglinide

Starvation See Protein-energy malnutrition

Stasis dermatitis

474

leg ulcers and

141

474

Statin drugs (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)

1250

See also Lipid-lowering therapy

for acute coronary syndrome

354

antiretroviral drug interactions and

1340

in cancer prevention

1653

for lipid modification/heart disease prevention

8–9

341

365

1242

1243

1250

1251

in HIV infection/AIDS

1340

perioperative administration of

38

38

rhabdomyolysis/myopathy/myositis caused by

841

843

1102

stroke risk lowered by

994

1250

Statoconia, vertigo associated with

191

Status epilepticus

982

after alcohol withdrawal

986

nonconvulsive

986

in theophylline overdose

1636

1637

tonic-clonic

986

Statutory rape

759

Stauffer's syndrome

970

Stavudine (d4T)

1337

1339–1340

1342

1343

See also Antiretroviral therapy

neuropathy and

1325

resistance to

1344

1344

STDs See Sexually transmitted diseases

Steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic (NASH)

667

668

Steatorrhea

600

601

602

See also Malabsorption

Steatosis, hepatic See Fatty liver

Stein-Leventhal syndrome See Polycystic ovary syndrome

Stelazine See Trifluoperazine

Stem cell/bone marrow transplantation

802–803

See also Bone marrow/stem cell transplantation

Stem cell disorders

aplastic anemia

497–498

497

leukemias/myeloproliferative disorders

499–512

499

500

myelodysplasia

506–507

Steno-2 study

1205

Stensen's duct, calculus formation in

208

Stents/stent grafts (“covered stents”)

for abdominal aortic aneurysm

447–448

biliary, for biliary stricture

690

for esophageal cancer

578

intracoronary

350–351

360

preoperative

39

intraurethral, for benign prostatic hyperplasia

961

for lower extremity occlusive disease

454

for renal artery stenosis

460

914

for thoracoabdominal aneurysm

449

for visceral aneurysms

450

451

Stereotactic core needle biopsies, in breast cancer

712

Sterile pyuria, in tuberculosis

930

Sterility See Infertility

Sterilization, for birth control

758

Steroid acne/folliculitis

115

118

Steroid rosacea

91

118

Steroids See Anabolic steroids; Corticosteroids

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (erythema multiforme major)

122–123

drugs causing

122

146

147

793

herpes simplex infection causing

1351

Stewart-Treves syndrome

476

STI571 See Imatinib mesylate

Stibogluconate (antimony), for leishmaniasis

1481

1481–1482

1483

1484

Stiff man syndrome

1102

1696

1698

Stiffness

immobility in elderly and

60

in myotonic dystrophy/myotonia congenita

1036

1037

in rheumatoid arthritis

827

Still's disease

833

Stimulant laxatives

543

544

Stimulants

abuse of

1088–1089

kindling and

1082

1089

for depression

1068

in elderly

1068

1095

for narcolepsy

1080

Stings See Insect bites/stings

Stippling (nail)

145

in psoriasis

97

145

Stomach disorders

582–600

See also under

Gastric

anisakiasis causing

585

1516

radiation causing

1600

tumors

benign

596

malignant

596–600

597

See also Gastric cancer

Stomatitis

herpetic

108

204

ulcerative (aphthous ulcers)

204

in HIV infection/AIDS

1326

Stool See also Stool analysis

blood in See Diarrhea, bloody; Dysentery; Fecal occult blood testing

impacted See Fecal impaction

incontinence of

646–647

leukocytes in See Fecal leukocytes

rice water, in cholera

1428

Stool analysis

in amebiasis

1469

1470

in antibiotic-associated colitis

619

in ascariasis

1518

in bacterial overgrowth

605

in celiac disease

602

in clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis

1506

in coccidiosis and microsporidiosis

1476

in cryptosporidiosis

546

550

1477

in diarrhea

546

549–550

1300

1476

in fascioliasis

1505

in fasciolopsiasis

1504

for genetic mutations

642

in giardiasis

546

550

1479

in hookworm disease

1525

in intestinal amebiasis

550

P.1867

in isosporiasis

1477

for ova and parasites

546

550

See also specific disorder

in schistosomiasis

1503

in strongyloidiasis

1530

in tapeworm infections

1509

in trichuriasis/whipworm

1533

Stool Giardia antigen assay

546

550

1479

Stool impaction See Fecal impaction

Stool laxative screen

549

Stool osmolality, in diarrhea

549

Stool surfactants/softeners

543

543

Stool weight, in diarrhea evaluation

549

550

Storage pool disease

525

Storage pool iron See Iron, storage

Straight leg raising test

818

Strains (musculotendinous), cervical

815

Strawberry gallbladder

687

Strawberry tongue

1400

Strep throat See Streptococcus (streptococcal infections), pharyngitis

Streptobacillary fever, rat-bite fever differentiated from

1455

Streptococcus (streptococcal infections)

1400–1403

bovis, endocarditis caused by

1402

1418

endocarditis

417–418

1402

1415

1418

erysipelas

124

1401

1556

glomerulonephritis after

915

917

1400

group A See Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection

group B See Group B streptococcal infection

impetigo

113

1401

1556

non-group A

1402

1552

pharyngitis

204–206

1400–1401

1556

pneumoniae

248

1403

1405

1552

1556

See also Pneumococcal (Streptococcus pneumoniae) infections

drug resistance and

252

1404

1405

in pregnancy

766

780

pyogenes See Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection

rheumatic fever after

405

1400

1401

of skin

1401

toxic shock-like syndrome caused by

1402

viridans

1402

1552

endocarditis caused by

1402

1415

1417–1418

Streptogramins

1579

Streptokinase See also Thrombolytic therapy

for myocardial infarction

358

359

Streptomycin

260

1572

1573

See also Aminoglycosides

adverse ocular effects of

179

resistance to

1573

for tuberculosis

260

261

contraindications to in pregnancy

262

Stress disorders (psychiatric/psychologic)

1041–1043

irritable bowel syndrome and

615

616

618

posttraumatic

1042

1082

Stress gastritis/ulcers

583

gastrointestinal bleeding and

552

583

in respiratory failure

309

583

Stress incontinence

63

932

947–948

948–949

Stress testing See also Exercise testing

cardiopulmonary

224–225

echocardiography

316–317

in angina

346

in cardiac failure

390

electrocardiography

316

perfusion scintigraphy, in angina

345

postinfarction

365

preoperative

415

radionuclide angiography, in angina

345

Striae distensae

1169

Stridor

209

laryngeal papillomas causing

209

vocal cord paralysis causing

213

“String sign”

457

Stroke

456–458

990–999

992

acupuncture in rehabilitation after

1724

1725

arteriovenous malformations causing

992

997–998

atrial fibrillation and

375

375

anticoagulation in prevention of

375

376

377

in elderly

65

carotid occlusion causing

456–458

989

991

992

cerebral infarct causing

991–994

992

COX-2 inhibitors associated with

830–831

estrogen replacement therapy affecting incidence of

761

1188

hemorrhagic

456

992

hypertension and

425

intracerebral hemorrhage causing

992

994–995

intracranial aneurysm causing

992

996–997

intracranial venous thrombosis causing

998

ischemic (infarcts)

992

lacunar infarct causing

456

991

992

occlusive cerebrovascular disease causing

456–458

992

oral contraceptive use and

753

postoperative

44

prevention of

5–12

antihypertensive treatment and

11–12

carotid endarterectomy in

457

990

in elderly

55

in sickle cell disease

493

spinal cord vascular disease causing

999

statin drugs affecting risk of

994

1250

subarachnoid hemorrhage causing

992

995–996

transient ischemic attacks and

456

988

989

treatment of

457

vertebrobasilar occlusion causing

991–993

992

Stroke (heat)

1594–1595

Stroke volume

in aortic regurgitation

335

during pregnancy

416

Stroke work index (SWI), in myocardial infarction

357

Stromal tumors (gastrointestinal stromal tumor/GIST)

chemotherapy for

1669

of small intestine

benign

610

malignant

612

of stomach

599

Strongyloides fulleborni/stercoralis (strongyloidiasis)

1529–1531

eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes and

280

Strontium

for chemotherapy-induced toxicity/bone pain

1678

1688

for osteoporosis

1158

Struma ovarii

1135

1142

Struvite urinary stones

943

946

Strychnine poisoning, seizures caused by

1610

Stunning, myocardial

342–343

Stupor

1017–1019

See also Coma

Sturge-Weber syndrome

1006

Sty (external hordeolum)

154

SU5416, in cancer treatment

1699

SU011248, in cancer treatment

1699

Subacute cerebellar degeneration See Cerebellar degeneration

Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord

1016–1017

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)

105

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

1363

myoclonus in

1012

Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis

1131

1135

1141

1144–1145

1146

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

992

995–996

See also Stroke

arteriovenous malformations causing

997–998

spinal

999

headache in

32

978

995

hypopituitarism and

1104

intracranial aneurysms causing

996

oral contraceptive use and

753

Subarachnoid space cysts, in cysticercosis

1510

1512

Subareolar abscess

704–705

nipple discharge caused by

704

Subclavian steal syndrome

989

Subclavian vessels, compression of in thoracic outlet/cervical rib syndromes

467–468

468

816

1031

Subcutaneous cysticercosis

1511

Subcutaneous insulin infusion, continuous See Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Subcutaneous nodules

in cysticercosis

1511

in nocardiosis

1437

in onchocerciasis

1527

in paragonimiasis

1507

in rheumatic fever

405

in rheumatoid arthritis

827

828

gouty tophi differentiated from

812

828

in sporotrichosis

1546

Subdural hemorrhage/hematoma

cerebral

acute

1020

chronic

61

1020

spinal

999

Suberosis

296

Sublingual glands

207

See also Salivary glands

Submandibular glands

207

See also Salivary glands

sialadenitis affecting

208

tumors of

208

Subperichondrial hematoma

200

Substance P, in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

1682

Substance use disorders

1082–1090

See also specific substance used and Injection drug use

acupuncture for

1729

breast feeding and

786

cognitive disorders/delirium caused by withdrawal and

1091

1093

concerns about, pain management in terminally ill/dying patient and

73

hallucinations/hallucinosis caused by

1092

infections and

1298–1299

overdoses See Poisoning/drug overdose

pregnancy and

765

preventable deaths caused by

2

prevention of/screening tests for

17–19

18

19

psychotic behavior caused by

1058

toxicology screening for

1615

Subtentorial lesions See also Brain stem

coma or stupor caused by

1018

P.1868

Subungual capillary pulsations (Quincke's pulses)

335

Subungual warts

127

128

Succimer (DMSA)

for arsenic poisoning

1620

for lead poisoning

1627

for mercury poisoning

1627

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations, in pheochromocytoma

1175–1176

Succinylcholine

lithium interactions and

1077

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1074

Sucralfate

for NSAID gastritis

583

reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia and

253

for stress gastritis

583

Sucralose, for diabetics

1206

Sudden death

380–381

aborted, driving recommendations and

385

of athlete

417–418

cardiomyopathy causing

403

cardiomyopathy and

403

myocardial infarction and

356

380

ventricular fibrillation causing

356

380–381

ventricular premature beats and

379

ventricular tachycardia and

380

Sudeck's atrophy

822

Suicide

1067–1068

alcohol use/abuse and

1083

antidepressant overdose in

1068

1068–1069

1637

carbon monoxide poisoning and

1621

clinician-assisted

69

depression associated with hospitalization and medical-surgical disorders and

1097

dispensing medications and

1068

1068–1069

in elderly

1094

hospitalization for patient threatening

1041

panic disorder and

1043

personality disorders and

1055

1056

preventable deaths caused by

2

in schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1067

Sular See Nisoldipine

Sulbactam, with penicillin

1564

See also Ampicillin-sulbactam

Sulconazole

89

Sulfacetamide, for ophthalmic disorders

176

Sulfadiazine, silver, for burn wounds

1597

Sulfadoxine, with pyrimethamine (Fansidar)

1488

1494–1495

resistance to

1491

Sulfamethoxazole See also Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Sulfasalazine

for inflammatory bowel disease

621

ulcerative colitis

629

630

nutrients affected by

1260

for rheumatoid arthritis

832

Sulfinpyrazone, for gout

813

Sulfonamides

1575–1576

adverse effects of

1576

ocular

179

for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1488

nutrients affected by

1260

ophthalmic

176

Sulfones

for leprosy

1576–1577

for malaria chemoprophylaxis/treatment

1488

Sulfonylureas

1206–1209

1207

1218

See also specific agent

intensive therapy with

1203–1205

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1074

safety of

1211

Sulindac

76

in colorectal cancer prevention

1650

for familial adenomatous polyposis

635

in pain management

76

Sumatriptan, for migraine headache

976

Summer grippe

1389

Sun exposure See Ultraviolet light/sunlight, exposure to

Sunday neuroses

1043

“Sundowning”

1091

Sunett See Acesulfame potassium

Sunscreens

91

See also Ultraviolet light/sunlight, exposure to, protection from

in cancer prevention

91

1648

in herpes simplex prophylaxis

108

for hyperpigmentation disorders

143

for lupus erythematosus

105

835

for photodermatitis/photosensitivity

140

Superficial spreading melanoma

94

Superficial venous thrombophlebitis

472–473

Superior vena cava obstruction/syndrome

267

302

475

Superoxide dismutase gene, copper-zinc, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

1022

Superwarfarins, poisoning caused by

1618–1619

Supplements

dietary

1719–1722

1720

hepatic failure and

658

regulation/quality assurance and

1710

1719

oral, in nutritional support

1280

Support groups See also Group therapy

for alcohol use/abuse

1075

1085

for anxiety disorders

1047

for depression

1075

for inflammatory bowel disease

622

in obesity management

1268

for paraphilias and gender identity disorders

1054

for schizophrenia/psychotic disorders

1064–1065

for somatoform disorders

1049

for surgery- or illness-related disorders

1097

for victim of violence

1082

Suppressor T cells See also CD8 T cells

Supraclavicular lymph nodes

in breast cancer

710

palpation for evaluation of

710

Supraglottic carcinoma

211

212

212

Supraglottitis (epiglottitis)

209

Haemophilus influenzae causing

1422

Supranuclear palsy, progressive, parkinsonism differentiated from

1008

Supraspinatus muscle, in rotator cuff disorders

823

Supratentorial arteriovenous malformations

997–998

Supratentorial mass lesions, coma or stupor caused by

1018

Supraventricular arrhythmias

371–379

See also specific type and Atrial fibrillation

differentiation of aberrantly conducted beats from ventricular beats and

372

Supraventricular tachycardia

accessory atrioventricular pathways causing (preexcitation syndromes)

374

in myocardial infarction

361–362

paroxysmal

372–374

Suprax See Cefixime

Suramin, for African trypanosomiasis

1464

1465

Surface antigens, immune cell See also under CD

Surgery See also specific disorder or procedure

antibiotic prophylaxis for wound infection and

46–48

47

anxiety before/after

1095–1096

for cancer

1658–1660

with chemotherapy

1661

See also Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

with radiation therapy

1658

1659

cardiac complications of/in cardiac patient

36–41

36

37

38

39

414–415

corticosteroid replacement requirement and

46

in diabetic patient

44–46

44

evaluation of patient before

35–48

See also Preoperative evaluation/perioperative management

hyponatremia after

869

insulin needs and

45–46

45

1226

nausea and vomiting after, acupuncture for

1726

1728–1729

patient management and

35–48

See also Preoperative evaluation/perioperative management

physiologic effects of

35

liver function and

42

during pregnancy

782–783

psychiatric problems associated with

1095–1097

for refractive error correction

153–154

venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism prevention and

286

287

for wart removal

128–129

Surgery proneness (polysurgery)

1096

1097

somatization disorder and

1048

Surgical menopause See Menopause, surgical

Surmontil See Trimipramine

Surrogate, Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care designating

70

Susceptibility testing

antimicrobial

1551

See also Drug resistance

in HIV infection/AIDS

1344–1345

1344

1345

Sustiva See Efavirenz

SVR See Systemic vascular resistance

Swallowing disorders See Dysarthria; Dysphagia; Odynophagia

Swan-neck deformity

828

Sweat test, in cystic fibrosis

245

Sweating

fluid loss in, replacement guidelines for

895

heat loss by

1593

in myocardial infarction

356

in pheochromocytoma

1174

Sweet One See Acesulfame potassium

Sweeteners, artificial, for diabetics

1206

Sweet's syndrome

1697

1698

SWI See Stroke work index

Swimming pool granuloma

1438

Swinging light test

152

SWL See Shock wave lithotripsy

Sycosis

118–119

Sydenham's chorea, in rheumatic fever

405

1011

Symblepharon

172

Sympathectomy

for complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

467

for frostbite

1592

for Raynaud's disease/phenomenon

465

for thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

463

P.1869

Sympathetic blocks

for complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

467

for frostbite

1592

Sympathetic nervous system, in hypertension

420

peripheral inhibitors in management of

437

438

Sympatholytic agents, central

437

438

overdose/toxicity of

437

1613

1622–1623

Sympatholytic syndrome, in poisoning/drug overdose

1613

Sympathomimetic agents

for allergies

789

789

antidepressant drug interactions and

1074

for glaucoma/intraocular hypertension

173

monoamine oxidase inhibitor interactions and

1073

1074

Sympathomimetic syndrome, in poisoning/drug overdose

1613

Symptom evaluation/management

20–34

See also specific symptom

Symptothermal natural family planning

756–757

Syncope/near syncope

384–385

956

in aortic stenosis

333

385

arrhythmias causing

366

385

cardiogenic

313

385

in cardiomyopathy

403

driving recommendations and

385

dysautonomia and

986

987

evaluation of

384–385

987

autonomic (tilt table) testing in

368

384

987

heat

1593

neurocardiogenic (vasovagal/vasomotor)

313

384

seizures differentiated from

982–983

stress-induced

418

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

868–869

868

cancer-related

267

868

868

1696

in HIV infection/AIDS

871

Syndrome X (metabolic syndrome/insulin resistance syndrome/CHAOS)

343

1197–1198

1252

1267

1268

coronary heart disease and

339

347

hypertension and

422

obesity and

1098

1099

1267

1268

Synechiae, posterior, in uveitis

162

Synephrine, in “Ephedra-free” weight loss products

1718

Synercid See Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Synergistic gangrene, bacterial

1435

Synergistic necrotizing cellulitis

1435

Synovectomy

863

Synovial fluid examination

807

808

809

809

in gonococcal arthritis

857

in rheumatoid arthritis

828

in septic (nongonococcal) arthritis

856

Synovitis

in Lyme disease

1459

in rheumatoid arthritis

827

Synpharyngitic hematuria

917

Syphilis

1443–1453

1554

1557

anorectal involvement and

645

1448

cardiovascular involvement and

1443

1444

1448

1450

1557

cerebrospinal fluid examination in

1446

1449

1451

1452

congenital

1443

1453

course/prognosis of

1447

1448

drug therapy for

1446

See also Syphilis, penicillin for

complications of

1446–1447

HIV infection/AIDS and

1332

1447

1452

postexposure

1447

serologic tests in evaluation of

1445

early

1443

1557

endemic

1454

follow-up care in

1447

gummatous

1443

1444

1448

1450

in HIV infection/AIDS

1332

1443

1446

1447

1452

incidence of

1443–1444

late (tertiary)

1443

1444

1448

1449–1450

1557

latent

1443

1448

1557

early (relapsing syphilis)

1443

1449

1557

late (hidden)

1449

1557

meningovascular

1444

1449

1451

See also Neurosyphilis

microscopic examination in

1445–1446

neurologic involvement in See Neurosyphilis

penicillin for

1446

1447

1448

1449

1563

HIV infection/AIDS and

1332

1447

1452

neurosyphilis and

1451

1452

pregnancy and

1453

prophylactic

1447

during pregnancy

780

1452–1453

prevention of

1447

in HIV infection/AIDS

1332

primary

1444

1447–1448

1557

public health measures in management of

1446

rape/sexual assault in transmission of

759

1297

secondary

1444

1448–1449

pityriasis rosea differentiated from

99

serologic tests for

1444–1445

1444

See also specific test

false-positive, antiphospholipid antibody/lupus anticoagulant causing

532

835

837

in HIV infection/AIDS

1332

1446

1447

1452

in newborn

1453

in pregnancy

765

1452

stages of

1443

1444

1447–1453

1448

treatment failures and

1447

uveitis in

162

Syringobulbia

1021

Syringomyelia

1021

Syrup of ipecac, for poisoning/drug overdose

1611

Systemic fibrosing syndrome, Dupuytren's contracture and

822

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), shock and

477

479

Systemic lupus erythematosus

833–837

834

835

836

arthritis in

834

835

rheumatoid arthritis differentiated from

829

autoantibodies in

799

834

835

836

cardiac/pericardial involvement in

413

834–835

chilblain in

1591

criteria for

834

835

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for

835

1721

1721

drugs associated with

298

793

834

834

HLA in

801

834

lupus anticoagulant in

532

835

836

renal involvement in

835

835

924

Systemic sclerosis

838–840

See also Scleroderma

Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), in shock

479

Systolic blood pressure, in hypertension

419

urgencies/emergencies

442

Systolic dysfunction See Congestive heart (cardiac) failure

Systolic murmurs

315

See also Heart murmurs

Related

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