Mastering Perl for Bioinformatics

& (ampersand)

       && (logical and) operator  

       (bitwise and) operator  

< and > (angle brackets)

       > (arrow operator)  

       >> right shift operator  

       <> line input operator  

       << left shift operator  

* (asterisk) quantifier  

@ (at sign)  

@INC array  

-- (autodecrement operator)  

\ (backslash)

       escaping metacharacters  

       metasymbols, use in  

\@ (backslash-at)  

! (bang)

       ! (logical negation) operator  

       !~ (binding) operator  

       #! (shebang) notation  

!~ (binding operators)  

^ (caret)  

       metacharacter in regular expressions  

/i (case-insensitive) matching  

:// ( colon - slashes )  

{} (curly braces)   2nd  

{} (curly braces) quantifier  

{} (curly braces)

       dereferencing and  

-w flag  

$flag variable  

$ (dollar sign)  

       $_ variables  

       metacharacter  

. (dot)

       character wildcard  

       current directory)  

       string operator  

:: (double colons) in module names  

= (equal sign)

       =~ (pattern binding) operator  

       => (syntactic sugar symbol)  

/ (forward slash)  

() (parentheses)  

%genetic_code hash  

% (percent sign)  

++ (autoincrement) operator  

+ (plus sign) quantifier  

? (question mark), in quantifiers  

" (quotes, double) in strings  

' (quotes, single) in strings  

; (semicolon), ending Perl statements  

#! (shebang notation)  

[ ] (square brackets)  

_dbh  

(vertical bar)

       (bitwise OR) operator  

        (logical or) operator  

        alternation  

@ARGV arrays  

^ (caret)

       bitwise xor operator  

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