Oracle Real Application Clusters

Chapter 1: Requirements Analysis

Figure 1.1: Modern busi ness require ments (abilities) of the system.

Figure 1.2: Cost of systems to meet avail ability.

Figure 1.3: Acceptable downtime measurement.

Chapter 2: Hardware Concepts

Figure 2.1: Single processor (uniprocessor) architecture.

Figure 2.2: Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) architec ture.

Figure 2.3: Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) archi tecture.

Figure 2.4: Oracle on three- node cluster using NUMA.

Figure 2.5: Vertical and horizontal/linear scalability representation.

Figure 2.6: Clustered SMP configuration model.

Figure 2.7: Two-node cluster configuration.

Figure 2.8: Various levels of redundancy for high-availability systems.

Figure 2.9: Cluster inter connect.

Figure 2.10: Computer interconnect representation.

Figure 2.11: Gigabit Ethernet standards. (Source: Gigabit Alliance).

Figure 2.12: IEEE 802.3 frame specification.

Figure 2.13: Gigabit Ethernet perfor mance chart.

Figure 2.14: InfiniBand architecture.

Figure 2.15: Virtual interface architecture.

Figure 2.16: Cluster config uration with cluster intercon nect and SCSI bus.

Figure 2.17: RAID 0.

Figure 2.18: RAID 01.

Figure 2.19: RAID 10.

Figure 2.20: RAID 5.

Figure 2.21: Traditional access model.

Figure 2.22: SAN access model.

Chapter 3: Oracle Database Concepts

Figure 3.1: Oracle instance memory structures.

Figure 3.2: Database buffer cache (shared pool).

Figure 3.3: Files.

Figure 3.4: Redo log groups.

Figure 3.5: Archive redo log groups.

Figure 3.6: Oracle background processes.

Figure 3.7: Locally managed tablespace.

Figure 3.8: Structure of creation and usage of extents.

Figure 3.9: Data block dissection.

Figure 3.10: One node/ instance accessing one database.

Figure 3.11: Multiple instance/clus tered database configuration.

Chapter 4: Real Application Cluster Architecture

Figure 4.1: Real Application Cluster architec ture.

Figure 4.2: Background processes on multiple instances.

Figure 4.3: Background processes in RAC.

Figure 4.4: Cache fusion technology.

Figure 4.5: A dissection of the global resource directory.

Figure 4.6: GCS lock structure.

Figure 4.7: Global cache management.

Figure 4.8: Resource mastering.

Figure 4.9: Resource remastering.

Figure 4.10: Database files in a RAC configuration.

Figure 4.11: Rollback segment extent management.

Figure 4.12: Transaction table slot allocation.

Chapter 5: Transaction Management

Figure 5.1: Transactional behavior.

Figure 5.2: XA interface components.

Figure 5.3: Autonomous transaction.

Figure 5.4: RAC lock structure.

Figure 5.5: Read/read behavior with no transfer.

Figure 5.6: Read/read behavior with transfer.

Figure 5.7: Read/write behavior.

Figure 5.8: Write/write behavior.

Figure 5.9: Write/read behavior.

Figure 5.10: Write to disk behavior.

Figure 5.11: Parse operation flow diagram.

Chapter 6: Parallel Processing

Figure 6.1: Parallel proces sing example.

Figure 6.2: Parallel processing architecture.

Figure 6.3: Intra- and inter-operation parallel processing.

Figure 6.4: Parallel proces sing in a three- node RAC environment.

Figure 6.5: SQL*Loader parallel loads.

Chapter 7: Designing Databases for RAC

Figure 7.1: Oracle Designer Version 6i.

Figure 7.2: Logical model.

Figure 7.3: B-tree index.

Figure 7.4: B-tree index leaf block structure.

Figure 7.5: B-tree index block layout.

Figure 7.6: Reverse key index leaf block structure.

Figure 7.7: B-tree index compressed leaf block structure.

Figure 7.8: IOT leaf block structure.

Figure 7.9: Application partitioning.

Figure 7.10: Database parti tioning.

Figure 7.11: Hash partitioning mapping hash values to partitions.

Figure 7.12: Composite partition.

Figure 7.13: Regular full partition join vs. partition-wise join operation.

Chapter 8: Installation and Configuration

Figure 8.1: Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA).

Figure 8.2:  

Figure 8.3: Oracle Universal Installer.

Figure 8.4: Welcome screen.

Figure 8.5: File location and ORACLE_HOME identifica tion screens.

Figure 8.6: Selecting the appropriate installation type.

Figure 8.7: Custom soft ware selection screen.

Figure 8.8: Configuration tools selection.

Figure 8.9: Oracle Net Configuration Assistant.

Figure 8.10: Database Configuration Assistant data base selection screen.

Figure 8.11: Database Configuration Assistant opera tion selection.

Figure 8.12: Selecting the template.

Figure 8.13: Client connec tion selection.

Figure 8.14: Database creation screen.

Chapter 10: Availability and Scalability

Figure 10.1: Various levels of redundancy for high-availability systems.

Figure 10.2: Vertical and horizontal scalability representation.

Figure 10.3: Oracle Real Application Clusters.

Figure 10.4: Oracle trans parent applica tion failover.

Figure 10.5: Oracle Real Application Cluster Guard architecture.

Figure 10.6: Oracle Real Application Cluster Guard hub configuration.

Figure 10.7: Oracle Real Application Cluster Guard ring configuration.

Figure 10.8: Oracle Real Application Cluster Guard failover operation.

Chapter 11: Migrating to RAC

Figure 11.1: Capacity planning.

Chapter 12: Backup and Recovery

Figure 12.1: RMAN components.

Figure 12.2: RAC configura tion with points of failure.

Figure 12.3: Instance recovery.

Figure 12.4: Thread recovery.

Figure 12.5: LogMiner components.

Figure 12.6: LogMiner OEM create query interface.

Figure 12.7: LogMiner OEM options interface.

Chapter 13: Performance Tuning —Tools and Utilities

Figure 13.1: STATSPACK scripts.

Figure 13.2: OEM components.

Figure 13.3: Installation product selection.

Figure 13.4: OEM installa tion type selection.

Figure 13.5: Management server configuration.

Figure 13.6: OEM Node Discovery Wizard.

Figure 13.7: OEM Database performance overview chart.

Figure 13.8: OEM CPU utilization chart.

Figure 13.9: OEM file I/O rate chart.

Figure 13.10: OEM global cache CR request activity chart.

Chapter 14: Tuning a Single Instance

Figure 14.1: Dividing into quadrants.

Figure 14.2: Unix sar report parsed through MS Excel tool.

Chapter 15: Performance Tuning — Cluster

Figure 15.1: OEM disk utili zation chart.

Figure 15.2: OEM file I/O rate chart.

Chapter 16: Problem Diagnosis

Figure 16.1: Metalink ORA-600 argument lookup.

Chapter 17: RAC Implementations

Figure 17.1: OCFS Tool Interface

Figure 17.2: Linux watchdog process.

Figure 17.3: Oracle Cluster Manager

Figure 17.4: Public Node Information

Figure 17.5: Options under Computer Management utility.

Figure 17.6: Defining the partition size.

Figure 17.7: Create Partition Wizard window—Path definition.

Figure 17.8: Create Partition Wizard status screen.

Figure 17.9: CFS installation welcome screen.

Figure 17.10: Public and private node name definition.

Figure 17.11: Voting disk selection.

Figure 17.12: Cluster interconnect identification.

Figure 17.13: CFS verification.