Linux on HP Integrity Servers: A System Administrators Guide

2017-07-07 02:10:07

< Day Day Up >

Windows installs on an Integrity server just as it would on any other system. As with Linux, you select Removable Media and walk through the familiar Windows installation process so I won't cover installing Windows in this section. There are, however, some interesting aspects to running Windows on an HP Integrity server that are covered in this section. The first is Special Administration Console (SAC) which is covered in the next section. There are also some interesting configuration topics covered under Installing and Configuring NetRAID that include installing drivers and setting up storage on Integrity servers using the Itanium configuration DVD.

The following section covers SAC.

Special Administration Console (SAC)

Special Administration Console (SAC) is a command-line environment on Windows Server 2003. It provides a set of commands that can be used to perform many functions such as viewing and ending processes and working with the IP addresses of systems. It is separate from the Windows command line environment and can be used for remote management. SAC is part of Emergency Management Services, which must be enabled to use SAC.

SAC is available early in the boot process. You can use it to assist with management during normal system operation as well as in Safe Mode. Safe mode is a way of starting Windows using only the basic elements of the operating system. You can use the F8 key when the system starts to go into safe mode. In the examples, you'll use SAC in normal operation and on the system console.

SAC provides a set of commands you can use to perform a number of management tasks that help return your system to a normally functioning state. These tasks include:

Viewing a list of processes.

Ending processes.

Setting or viewing the Internet Protocol (IP) address of the server.

Generating a Stop error to create a memory dump file.

Starting and accessing command prompts.

Restarting the server.

Shutting down the server.

This section provides examples of issuing some basic commands in SAC on an Integrity system. Table 13-1 is a list of some of the SAC commands available at the time of this writing.

Table 13-1. SAC Commands and Descriptions
Command	Description
ch	Lists all channels. Use ch -? for help.
cmd	Creates Windows command-prompt channels. To use a command-prompt channel, you must provide valid logon credentials. You must log on to each command-prompt instance.
crashdump	Crashes the system. You must have crash dump enabled.
d	Deletes the current kernel log.
f	Toggles the information output by the t-list command, which shows processes only, or shows processes and threads
I	If no parameters are passed, this command lists Internet Protocol (IP) information. You can configure IP parameters to display or set the IP address, subnet mask, and gateway of a given network interface device by providing the network number, IP address, and subnet information. To do so, use the following format: <network#><IPaddress><subnet>
Id	Displays identification information about the server.
k <PID>	Ends the given process. PID is the process identification number you specify.
l <PID>	Lowers the priority of a process (and any associated child processes) to the lowest possible level.
lock	Restricts access to Emergency Management Services command-prompt channels. You must provide valid logon credentials to unlock a channel.
m <PID> <MB-allow>	Limits the memory usage of a process (and any associated child processes) to a specified number of megabytes. MB is the number of megabytes you specify.
p	Causes t-list command output to pause after displaying one full screen of information.
r	Restarts the computer.
s	If no parameters are passed, this command displays the current date using the 24-hour clock format. You can set the system time by providing the date and, optionally, the time in this format: mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm.
shutdown	Initiates a shutdown.
t	Lists the currently running processes and threads.
help or ?	Lists the available commands.

These commands are issued at the SAC> prompt. You can also set up the channels, which are direct connections to the Windows operating system specified by user and domain. SAC is also a channel. You can switch between these channels to perform your work. Table 13-2 shows some commonly used channel-related commands.

Table 13-2. Channel-Related Commands and Descriptions
Command	Description
ch	Lists all channels.
ch -si <n>	Changes to the channel n.
ch -sn <name>	Changes to the channel name.
ch -ci <n>	Closes the channel with the channel n.
ch -cn <name>	Closes the channel n.
ch -k <name>	Ends the channel name.
<Esc><Tab>	Changes channels.
<Esc><Tab>0	Returns to the SAC channel.
ch -?	Displays help information for channel management commands.

The following example shows issuing the t command that lists all processes and threads that are currently running:

SAC> t memory: 2096632 kb uptime: 0 0:08:35.990 PageFile: \??\C:\pagefile.sys Current Size: 2095104 kb Total Used: 7584 kb Peak Used 8768 kb Memory:2096632K Avail:1749752K TotalWs: 284936K InRam Kernel: 4096K P:11800K Commit: 304904K/ 229384K Limit:4041240K Peak: 407112K Pool N:21968K P:12200K ----Press <Enter> for more---- User Time Kernel Time Ws Faults Commit Pri Hnd Thd Pid Name 38072 14813 File Cache 0:00:00.000 0:16:46.720 40 0 0 0 0 2 0 Idle Process 0:00:00.000 0:00:07.980 304 3890 96 8 202 55 4 System 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.040 1184 308 408 11 17 3 336 smss.exe 0:00:00.430 0:00:03.810 6352 2585 1560 13 334 10 384 csrss.exe 0:00:00.270 0:00:00.370 4008 4326 8688 13 428 20 548 winlogon.exe 0:00:00.340 0:00:00.620 17984 4747 9312 9 363 18 592 services.exe 0:00:00.200 0:00:00.210 21584 2933 14032 9 350 23 604 lsass.exe 0:00:00.070 0:00:00.050 8256 1101 2208 8 193 10 756 svchost.exe 0:00:00.020 0:00:00.050 10832 1404 3168 8 134 16 808 svchost.exe 0:00:00.000 0:00:00.030 9960 1296 5024 8 107 7 1004 svchost.exe 0:00:00.000 0:00:00.010 5832 737 1288 8 81 5 1064 svchost.exe ----Press <Enter> for more---- User Time Kernel Time Ws Faults Commit Pri Hnd Thd Pid Name 0:00:01.250 0:00:00.960 41536 18005 150408 8 1017 47 1076 svchost.exe 0:00:00.070 0:00:00.060 14288 1880 7528 8 136 11 1240 spoolsv.exe 0:00:00.040 0:00:00.050 12960 1677 3584 8 169 24 1272 msdtc.exe 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.020 8104 1058 1808 8 88 9 1416 llssrv.exe 0:00:00.000 0:00:00.010 3528 452 688 8 35 2 1460 svchost.exe 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.020 8672 1132 2312 8 77 9 1584 dfssvc.exe 0:00:01.140 0:00:02.150 36552 23669 9400 8 315 10 1912 explorer.exe 0:00:00.220 0:00:00.080 13368 1831 3040 8 156 6 456 wmiprvse.exe 0:00:00.020 0:00:00.040 11080 1526 3384 8 113 6 492 wmiprvse.exe 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.040 10440 1436 1448 8 72 5 1000 msiexec.exe

In the previous listing, information was displayed in pages and you hit Enter in order to view the next page of information. Next, you'll use r to raise the priority of process 1912 by one level from 8 to 9 and rerun t to view the new level of 1912:

SAC> r 1912 SAC successfully raised the process priority. SAC> t memory: 2096632 kb uptime: 0 0:10:19.010 PageFile: \??\C:\pagefile.sysfile.sys Current Size: 2095104 kb Total Used: 7584 kb Peak Used 8768 kb Memory:2096632K Avail:1751888K TotalWs: 284424K InRam Kernel: 4096K P:11800K Commit: 304400K/ 229072K Limit:4041240K Peak: 407112K Pool N:21944K P:12208K ----Press <Enter> for more---- User Time Kernel Time Ws Faults Commit Pri Hnd Thd Pid Name 37624 14825 File Cache 0:00:00.000 0:20:12.080 40 0 0 0 0 2 0 Idle Process 0:00:00.000 0:00:08.660 304 3890 96 8 202 55 4 System 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.040 1184 308 408 11 17 3 336 smss.exe 0:00:00.430 0:00:03.810 6352 2585 1560 13 331 10 384 csrss.exe 0:00:00.270 0:00:00.370 4008 4326 8688 13 428 20 548 winlogon.exe 0:00:00.340 0:00:00.620 17984 4747 9312 9 363 18 592 services.exe 0:00:00.200 0:00:00.210 21560 2933 13912 9 346 22 604 lsass.exe 0:00:00.070 0:00:00.050 8256 1101 2208 8 181 10 756 svchost.exe 0:00:00.020 0:00:00.050 10832 1404 3168 8 134 16 808 svchost.exe 0:00:00.000 0:00:00.030 9960 1299 4936 8 105 6 1004 svchost.exe 0:00:00.000 0:00:00.010 5832 737 1288 8 81 5 1064 svchost.exe ----Press <Enter> for more---- User Time Kernel Time Ws Faults Commit Pri Hnd Thd Pid Name 0:00:01.250 0:00:00.960 41504 18023 150312 8 1012 46 1076 svchost.exe 0:00:00.070 0:00:00.060 14288 1880 7528 8 135 11 1240 spoolsv.exe 0:00:00.040 0:00:00.050 12960 1677 3584 8 169 24 1272 msdtc.exe 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.020 8104 1058 1808 8 88 9 1416 llssrv.exe 0:00:00.000 0:00:00.010 3528 452 688 8 35 2 1460 svchost.exe 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.020 8672 1132 2312 8 77 9 1584 dfssvc.exe 0:00:01.140 0:00:02.150 36544 23669 9392 9 305 10 1912 explorer.exe 0:00:00.220 0:00:00.080 13368 1835 3040 8 152 6 456 wmiprvse.exe 0:00:00.020 0:00:00.040 11080 1526 3384 8 109 6 492 wmiprvse.exe 0:00:00.010 0:00:00.040 10440 1436 1448 8 72 5 1000 msiexec.exe SAC>

The Pri of process 1912 was indeed raised from 8 to 9.

Using the command prompt channel, you can issue many that help you gather useful information about your system. In the following listing, we'll create a channel with cmd, view the available channels with ch, and then connect to channel 1 with ch -si 1:

SAC> cmd The Command Prompt session was successfully launched. SAC> EVENT: A new channel has been created. Use "ch -?" for channel help. Channel: Cmd0008 SAC> ch Channel List (Use "ch -?" for information on using channels) # Status Channel Name 0 (AV) SAC 1 (AR) Cmd0008 SAC> ch -si 1 <channel-switch> <name>Cmd0008</name> <description>Command Prompt</description> <type>VT-UTF8</type> <guid>e560802d-6ebd-11d7-af15-505054503030</guid> <application-type>63d02271-8aa4-11d5-bccf-00b0d014a2d0</application-type> </channel-switch> Name: Cmd0008 Description: Command Prompt Type: VT-UTF8 Channel GUID: e560802d-6ebd-11d7-af15-505054503030 Application Type GUID: 63d02271-8aa4-11d5-bccf-00b0d014a2d0 Press <esc><tab> for next channel. Press <esc><tab>0 to return to the SAC channel. Use any other key to view this channel.

Now that we're connected to the channel, we can log in to it by specifying a Username, Domain, and Password, as shown below:

Now that you're logged in, you can run Windows commands. The following example shows running diskpart and viewing help and various disk details:

C:\WINDOWS\system32> diskpart Microsoft DiskPart version 5.2.3663 Copyright (C) 1999-2001 Microsoft Corporation. On computer: ITANIUM DISKPART> help ACTIVE - Marks the current basic partition as an active boot partition. ASSIGN - Assign a drive letter or mount point to the selected volume. BREAK - Break a mirror set. CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off of the disk. CONVERT - Converts between different disk formats. CREATE - Create a volume or partition. DELETE - Delete an object. DETAIL - Provide details about an object. EXIT - Exit diskpart. EXTEND - Extend a volume. HELP - Prints a list of commands. IMPORT - Imports a disk group. INACTIVE - Marks the current basic partition as a inactive. LIST - Prints out a list of objects. ONLINE - Online a disk that is currently marked as offline. REM - Does nothing. Used to comment scripts. REMOVE - Remove a drive letter or mount point assignment. REPAIR - Repair a RAID-5 volume. RESCAN - Rescan the computer looking for disks and volumes. RETAIN - Place a retainer partition under a simple volume. SELECT - Move the focus to an object. DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ---------- ------- ------- --- --- Disk 0 Online 68 GB 5337 KB * DISKPART> C:\WINDOWS\system32> DISKPART> select disk 0 Disk 0 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> detail disk HP 73.4G ST373453LC SCSI Disk Device Disk ID: A1EF40E0-0295-01C3-A1F4-04622FD5EC6D Type : Unknown Bus : 2 Target : 2 LUN ID : 0 Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------- -------- Volume 0 C NTFS Partition 68 GB Healthy Boot DISKPART> exit Leaving DiskPart... C:\WINDOWS\system32>

In the previous example, you have one disk that you selected and on which you viewed details.

On a system with a NetRAID controller and multiple disks, we'll see more entries. The following example shows running diskpart on a system with several disks:

DISKPART> list disk Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt -------- ---------- ------- ------- --- --- Disk 0 Online 68 GB 0 B * Disk 1 Online 137 GB 2015 KB * Disk 2 Online 137 GB 2015 KB * DISKPART> select disk 1 Disk 1 is now the selected disk. DISKPART> detail disk HPNetRD LD 1 NetRAID SCSI Disk Device Disk ID: C4837A41-800D-11D7-8DD2-505054503030 Type : Unknown Bus : 0 Target : 0 LUN ID : 1 Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------- Volume 1 E New Volume NTFS Partition 137 GB Healthy DISKPART>

There are three disks listed. 0 is an internal disk that is mirrored, with RAID 0, to another internal disk with the NetRAID card. 1 is comprised of two disks that are combined into one partition that is striped with RAID5 also using the NetRAID card. 2 is also two disks that are combined into one partition that is striped with RAID5 also using the NetRAID card.

Next, you'll run net with several different options and then exit to close the channel connection:

C:\WINDOWS\system32> net start Network Location Awareness (NLA) Plug and Play Print Spooler Protected Storage Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Remote Registry Secondary Logon Security Accounts Manager Server Shell Hardware Detection Special Administration Console Helper System Event Notification Task Scheduler TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper Terminal Services Windows Management Instrumentation Windows Time Wireless Configuration Workstation The command completed successfully. C:\WINDOWS\system32> net config server Server Name \\ITANIUM Server Comment Software version Microsoft Windows .NET Server is active on Server hidden No Maximum Logged On Users Unlimited Maximum open files per session 16384 Idle session time (min) 15 The command completed successfully. C:\WINDOWS\system32>net user Software version Microsoft Windows .NET Server is active on Server hidden No Maximum Logged On Users Unlimited Maximum open files per session 16384 Idle session time (min) 15 The command completed successfully. C:\WINDOWS\system32> net user User accounts for \\ITANIUM ------------------------------------------------------------------ Administrator Guest SUPPORT_388945a0 The command completed successfully. C:\WINDOWS\system32> exit SAC> EVENT: A channel has been closed. Channel: Cmd0008 SAC>

Many Windows commands can be executed after a connection to the channel has been established in addition to the diskpart and net commands shown in the previous examples. The following example shows issuing the help command from the channel:

C:\WINDOWS\system32> help For more information on a specific command, type HELP command-name ASSOC Displays or modifies file extension associations. ATTRIB Displays or changes file attributes. BREAK Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. BOOTCFG Sets properties in boot.ini file to control boot loading. CACLS Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files. CALL Calls one batch program from another. CD Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHCP Displays or sets the active code page number. CHDIR Displays the name of or changes the current directory. CHKDSK Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKNTFS Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time. CLS Clears the screen. CMD Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter. COLOR Sets the default console foreground and background colors. COMP Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. COMPACT Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions. CONVERT Converts FAT volumes to NTFS. You cannot convert the current drive. COPY Copies one or more files to another location. DATE Displays or sets the date. DEL Deletes one or more files. DIR Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DISKCOMP Compares the contents of two floppy disks. DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another. DISKPART Displays or configures Disk Partition properties. DOSKEY Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros. DRIVERQUERY Displays current device driver status and properties. ECHO Displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off. ENDLOCAL Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file. ERASE Deletes one or more files. EVENTQUERY Displays event log entries for specified criteria. EXIT Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter). FC Compares two files or sets of files, and displays the differences between them. FIND Searches for a text string in a file or files. FINDSTR Searches for strings in files. FOR Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files. FORMAT Formats a disk for use with Windows. FSUTIL Displays or configures the file system properties. FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations. GOTO Directs the Windows command interpreter to a labeled line in a batch program. GPRESULT Displays Group Policy information for machine or user. GRAFTABL Enables Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode. HELP Provides Help information for Windows commands. IF Performs conditional processing in batch programs. LABEL Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk. MD Creates a directory. MKDIR Creates a directory. MODE Configures a system device. MORE Displays output one screen at a time. MOVE Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory. OPENFILES Displays files opened by remote users for a file share. PAGEFILECONFIG Displays or configures Pagefile properties. PATH Displays or sets a search path for executable files. PAUSE Suspends processing of a batch file and displays a message. POPD Restores the previous value of the current directory saved by PUSHD. PRINT Prints a text file. PROMPT Changes the Windows command prompt. PUSHD Saves the current directory then changes it. RD Removes a directory. RECOVER Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk. REM Records comments (remarks) in batch files or CONFIG.SYS. REN Renames a file or files. RENAME Renames a file or files. REPLACE Replaces files. RMDIR Removes a directory. SET Displays, sets, or removes Windows environment variables. SETLOCAL Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file. SC Displays or configures services (background processes). SCHTASKS Schedules commands and programs to run on a computer. SHIFT Shifts the position of replaceable parameters in batch files. SHUTDOWN Allows proper local or remote shutdown of machine. SORT Sorts input. START Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command. SUBST Associates a path with a drive letter. SYSTEMINFO Displays machine specific properties and configuration. TASKLIST Displays all currently running tasks including services. TASKKILL Kill or stop a running process or application. TIME Displays or sets the system time. TITLE Sets the window title for a CMD.EXE session. TREE Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path. TYPE Displays the contents of a text file. VER Displays the Windows version. VERIFY Tells Windows whether to verify that your files are written VOL Displays a disk volume label and serial number. XCOPY Copies files and directory trees. WMIC Displays WMI information inside interactive command shell. For more information on tools see the command-line reference in the online help. C:\WINDOWS\system32>

Using SAC and the channels, you can connect to a Windows Server 2003 and perform command line-related work.

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Special Administration Console (SAC)

Table 13-1. SAC Commands and Descriptions

Table 13-2. Channel-Related Commands and Descriptions

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