UNIX: The Complete Reference, Second Edition (Complete Reference Series)
The following timeline summarizes the development of UNIX from its beginning to 2006. For an incredibly detailed timeline of releases of different UNIX variants, go to http://www.levenez.com/unix/.
| Year | UNIX Variant or Standard | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1969 | UNICS (later called UNIX) | A new operating system invented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for the PDP-7 |
| 1973 | Fourth Edition | Written in C programming language; widely used inside Bell Laboratories |
| 1975 | Sixth Edition | First version widely available outside of Bell Labs; more than 600 machines ran it |
| 1978 | 3BSD | Virtual memory |
| 1979 | Seventh Edition | Included the Bourne shell, UUCP, and C; the direct ancestor or modern UNIX |
| 1980 | Xenix | Introduced by Microsoft |
| 1980 | 4BSD | Introduced by UC Berkeley |
| 1982 | System III | First public release outside of Bell Labs |
| 1983 | System V Release 1 | First supported release |
| 1983 | 4.1BSD | UC Berkeley release with performance enhancements |
| 1984 | 4.2BSD | UC Berkeley release with many networking capabilities |
| 1984 | System V Release 2 | Protection and locking of files, enhanced system administration, and job control features added |
| 1986 | HP-UX | First version of HP-UX released for HP Precision Architecture |
| 1986 | AIX Version 1 | First version of IBM’s proprietary version of UNIX, based on SVR3 |
| 1987 | System V Release 3 | STREAMS, RFS, TLI added |
| 1987 | 4.3BSD | Minor enhancements to 4.2BSD |
| 1988 | POSIX | POSIX.1 published |
| 1989 | System V Release 4 | Unified System V, BSD, and Xenix |
| 1990 | XPG3 | X/Open specification set |
| 1990 | OSF/1 | Open Software Foundation release designed to compete with SVR4 |
| 1991 | 386BSD | Based on BSD for Intel 80386 |
| 1991 | Linux 0.01 | Linus Torvalds started development of Linux |
| 1992 | SVR4.2 | USL-developed version of SVR4 for the desktop |
| 1992 | HP-UX 9.0 | Supported workstations, including a GUI |
| 1993 | Solaris 2.3 | POSIX compliant |
| 1993 | 4.4BSD | Final Berkeley release |
| 1993 | FreeBSD 1.0 | Initial release based on 4.3BSD and 386BSD |
| 1993 | SVR4.2MP | Last version of UNIX developed by USL |
| 1994 | Linux 1.0 | First version of Linux not considered a “beta” |
| 1994 | NetBSD 1.0 | First multiplatform release |
| 1994 | Solaris 2.4 | Motif supported |
| 1994 | AIX4 | Introduced CDE support |
| 1994 | FreeBSD 2.0 | Based on 4.4BSD-Lite to allow free distribution |
| 1995 | UNIX 95 | X/Open mark for systems registered under the Single UNIX Specification |
| 1995 | Solaris 2.5 | CDE supported |
| 1995 | HP-UX 10.0 | Conformed to the Single UNIX Specification and the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) |
| 1996 | Linux 2.0 | Performance improvements and networking software added |
| 1996 | OpenBSD 1.2 | Initial release with strong support of security |
| 1997 | Solaris 2.6 | UNIX 95 compliant, JAVA supported |
| 1997 | Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 | Open Group specification set |
| 1997 | System V Release 5 | Enhanced SV kernel, including 64-bit support, increased reliability, and performance enhancements |
| 1997 | UnixWare 7 | SCO UNIX based on SVR5 kernel |
| 1997 | HP-UX 11.0 | 64-bit operating system |
| 1997 | AIX 4.3 | Support for 64-bit architectures, registered with UNIX 98 mark |
| 1998 | UNIX 98 | Open Group mark for systems registered under the Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 |
| 1998 | FreeBSD 3.0 | Kernel changes and security fixes |
| 1998 | Solaris 7 | Support for 64-bit applications, free for noncommercial users |
| 1999 | Linux 2.2 | Device drivers added |
| 1999 | Darwin | Apple developed UNIX-like OS, basis for Mac OS X |
| 2000 | Solaris 8 | Performance and application support enhancements |
| 2000 | HP-UX 11i | Introduces operating environments |
| 2000 | FreeBSD 4.0 | Networking and security enhancements |
| 2001 | Linux 2.4 | Enhanced device support, scalability enhancements |
| 2001 | AIX 5L | Introduced affinity for Linux |
| 2001 | Mac OS X 10.0 “Cheetah” | First Mac OS release based on Darwin. Incomplete and slow, but with basic OS features, device support, and software development environment |
| 2001 | Mac OS X 10.1 “Puma” | More complete than Cheetah, with performance enhancements and support for additional device drivers |
| 2002 | Solaris 9 | Manageability, security, and performance enhancements |
| 2002 | Mac OS X 10.2 “Jaguar” | First solid release of Mac OS X |
| 2003 | Linux 2.6 | Scalability for operation on embedded systems to large servers, human interface, networking, and security enhancements |
| 2003 | Mac OS X 10.3 “Panther” | Performance enhancements, an extensive update to the user interface, and greater interoperability with MS Windows |
| 2003 | Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 | Developed by the Austin Group |
| 2003 | FreeBSD 5.0 | Improved SMP support, TrustedBSD security features |
| 2004 | Solaris 10 | Advanced security, performance, and availability enhancements |
| 2004 | NetBSD 2.0 | Support for SMP |
| 2005 | OpenServer 6 | Improved SMP support and support for extremely large files |
| 2005 | Mac X 10.4 “Tiger” | New features include Spotlight, a fast content and metadata-based file search tool, and support for 64-bit platforms and Intel x86 platforms |
| 2005 | Net BSD 3.0 | Suppose Xen Virtual Machine Monitor |
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