SAS 9.1.3 Language Reference: Concepts, Third Edition, Volumes 1 and 2

2017-07-07 02:10:07

Definition of SAS System Options

System options are instructions that affect your SAS session. They control the way that SAS performs operations such as SAS System initialization, hardware and software interfacing, and the input, processing, and output of jobs and SAS files.

Syntax of SAS System Options

The syntax for specifying system options in an OPTIONS statement is

OPTIONS option(s) ;

Here is an explanation of the syntax:

option

specifies one or more SAS system options that you want to change.

The following example shows how to use the system options NODATE and LINESIZE= in an OPTIONS statement:

options nodate linesize=72;

Operating Environment Information: On the command line or in a configuration file, the syntax is specific to your operating environment. For details, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment.

Using SAS System Options

Default Settings

Operating Environment Information: SAS system options are initialized with default settings when SAS is invoked. However, the default settings for some SAS system options vary both by operating environment and by site. For details, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment.

Determining Which Settings Are in Effect

To determine which settings are in effect for SAS system options, use one of the following:

OPLIST system option

writes to the SAS log the settings that were specified on the SAS invocation command line. (See the SAS documentation for your operating environment for more information.)

VERBOSE

writes to the SAS log the system options that were specified in the configuration file and on the SAS invocation command line.

SAS System Options window

lists all system option settings.

OPTIONS procedure

writes system option settings to the SAS log. To display the settings of system options with a specific functionality, such as error handling, use the GROUP = option:

proc options GROUP=errorhandling; run;

(See Base SAS Procedures Guide for more information.)

GETOPTION function

returns the value of a specified system option.

VOPTION DICTIONARY table

lists in the SASHELP library, all current system option settings. You can view this table with SAS Explorer, or you can extract information from the VOPTION table using PROC SQL.

dictionary.options SQL table

accessed with the SQL procedure, lists the system options that are in effect.

Determining Which SAS System Options Are Restricted

To determine which system options are restricted by your system administrator, use the RESTRICT option of the OPTIONS procedure. The RESTRICT option display the option's value, scope, and how it was set. In the following example, the SAS log shows that only one option, CMPOPT, is restricted:

proc options restrict; run;

Output 4.4: Restricted Option Information

1 proc options restrict; 2 run; SAS (r) Proprietary Software Release 9.1 TS1B0 Option Value Information For SAS Option CMPOPT Option Value: (NOEXTRAMATH NOMISSCHECK NOPRECISE NOGUARDCHECK) Option Scope: SAS Session How option value set: Site Administrator Restricted

The OPTIONS procedure will display this information for all options that are restricted. If your site administrator has not restricted any options, then the following message will appear in the SAS log:

Your site administrator has not restricted any options.

Determining How a SAS System Option Value Was Set

To determine how a system option value was set, use the OPTIONS procedure with the VALUE option specified in the OPTIONS statement. The VALUE option displays the specified option's value and scope. For example, the following statements write a message to the SAS log that tells you how the option value for the system option CENTER was set:

proc options option=center value; run;

The following partial SAS log shows that the option value for CENTER is the default that was shipped with the product..

Output 4.5: Option Value Information for the System Option CENTER

2 proc options option=center value; 3 run; Option Value Information for SAS Option CENTER Option Value: CENTER Option Scope: NoReb How option value set: Shipped Default

Obtaining Descriptive Information about a System Option

You can quickly obtain basic descriptive information about a system option by specifying the DEFINE option in the PROC OPTIONS statement.

The DEFINE option writes the following descriptive information about a system option to the SAS log:

description

type

when in the SAS session it can be set

For example, the following statements write a message to the SAS log that contains descriptive information about the system option CENTER:

proc options option=center define; run;

This partial SAS log tells you specific information about the system option CENTER.

Output 4.6: Descriptive Information for the System Option CENTER

1 proc options option=center define; 2 run; CENTER Option Definition Information for SAS Option CENTER Group= LISTCONTROL Group Description: Procedure output and display settings Description: Center SAS procedure output Type: The option value is of type BOOLEAN When Can Set: Startup or anytime during the SAS Session Restricted: Your Site Administrator can restrict modification of this option Optsave: Proc Optsave or command Dmoptsave will save this option.

Changing SAS System Option Settings

SAS provides default settings for SAS system options. You can override the default settings of any unrestricted system option. Depending on the function of the system option, you can specify a setting in any of the following ways:

on the command line: You can specify any unrestricted SAS system option setting either on the SAS command line or in a configuration file. If you use the same option settings frequently, it is usually more convenient to specify the options in a configuration file, rather than on the command line. Either method sets your SAS system options during SAS invocation. Many SAS system option settings can be specified only during SAS invocation. Descriptions of the individual options provide details.

in a configuration file: If you use the same option settings frequently, it is usually more convenient to specify the options in a configuration file, rather than on the command line.

in an OPTIONS statement: You can specify an OPTIONS statement at any time during a session except within data lines or parmcard lines. Settings remain in effect throughout the current program or process unless you reset them with another OPTIONS statement or change them in the SAS System Options window. You can also place an OPTIONS statement in an autoexec file.

in a SAS System Options window: If you are in a windowing environment, type options in the toolbox or on the command line to open the SAS System Options window. The SAS System Options window lists the names of the SAS system options groups. You can then expand the groups to see the option names and to change their current settings. Alternatively, you can use the Find Option command in the Options pop-up menu to go directly to an option. Changes take effect immediately and remain in effect throughout the session unless you reset them with an OPTIONS statement or change them in the SAS System Options window.

Operating Environment Information: On UNIX, Open VMS, and z/OS hosts , SAS system options can be restricted by a site administrator so that they cannot be changed by a user. Depending upon your operating environment, system options can be restricted globally, by group, or by user . You can use the OPTIONS procedure to determine which options are restricted. For more information about how to restrict options, see the SAS configuration guide for your operating environment. For more information about the OPTIONS procedure, see the SAS documentation for your operating environment.

How Long System Option Settings Are in Effect

When you specify a SAS system option setting, the setting applies to all subsequent steps for the duration of the SAS session or until you reset, as shown:

data one; set items; run; /* option applies to all subsequent steps */ options obs=5; /* printing ends with the fifth observation */ proc print data=one; run; /* the SET statement stops reading after the fifth observation */ data two; set items; run;

To read more than five observations, you must reset the OBS= system option. For more information about the "OBS= System Option", see SAS Language Reference: Dictionary .

Order of Precedence

If a system option appears in more than one place, the order of precedence from highest to lowest is as follows :

OPTIONS statement and SAS System Options window

autoexec file (that contains an OPTIONS statement)

command-line specification

configuration file specification

SAS system default settings.

Operating Environment Information: In some operating environments, you can specify system options in other places. See the SAS documentation for your operating environment.

Table 4.9 on page 75 shows the order of precedence that SAS uses for execution mode options. These options are a subset of the SAS invocation options and are specified on the command line during SAS invocation.

Table 4.9: Order of Precedence for SAS Execution Mode Options
Execution Mode Option	Precedence
OBJECTSERVER	Highest
DMR	2nd
INITCMD	3rd
DMS	3rd
DMSEXP	3rd
EXPLORER	3rd

The order of precedence of SAS execution mode options consists of the following rules:

SAS uses the execution mode option with the highest precedence.

If you specify more than one execution mode option of equal precedence, SAS uses only the last option listed.

See the descriptions of the individual options for more details.

Interaction with Data Set Options

Some system options share the same name as a data set option that has the same function. System options remain in effect for all DATA step and PROC steps in a SAS session until their settings are changed. The data set option, however, overrides a system option only for the particular data set in the step in which it appears.

In this example, the OBS= system option in the OPTIONS statement specifies that only the first 100 observations will be read from any data set within the SAS job. The OBS= data set option in the SET statement, however, overrides the system option and specifies that only the first five observations will be read from data set TWO. The PROC PRINT step uses the system option setting and reads and prints the first 100 observations from data set THREE:

options obs=100; data one; set two(obs=5); run; proc print data=three; run;

Comparisons

Note the differences between system options, data set options, and statement options.

system options

remain in effect for all DATA and PROC steps in a SAS job or current process unless they are respecified.

data set options

apply to the processing of the SAS data set with which they appear. Some data set options have corresponding system options or LIBNAME statement options. For an individual data set, you can use the data set option to override the setting of these other options.

statement options

control the action of the statement in which they appear. Options in global statements, such as in the LIBNAME statement, can have a broader impact.