SAS/STAT 9.1 Users Guide, Volumes 1-7
A
AB option
EXACT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3160
OUTPUT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3162
PROC NPAR1WAY statement, 3156
AB/BA crossover designs
power and sample size (POWER), 3549
ABSCONV= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 615
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3060
ABSENT= option
PROC DISTANCE statement, 1256
VAR statement, 1266
ABSFCONV option
MODEL statement (LOGISTIC), 2308
MODELstatement (SURVEYLOGISTIC), 4261
ABSFCONV= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 617
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3060
ABSFTOL= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 617
ABSGCONV= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 617, 620
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3060
ABSGTOL= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 617, 620
absolute level of measurement, definition
DISTANCE procedure, 1250
ABSOLUTE option
PROC ACECLUS statement, 404
PROC MIXED statement, 2674, 2749
ABSORB statement
ANOVA procedure, 434
GLM procedure, 1747
absorption of effects
ANOVA procedure, 434
GLM procedure, 1747, 1799
ABSXCONV= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 617
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3060
ABSXTOL= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 617
Accelerated failure time model
NLMIXED procedure, 3128
accelerated failure time models
LIFEREG procedure, 2083
ACCRUALTIME= option
TWOSAMPLESURVIVAL statement (POWER), 3474
ACECLUS procedure
analyzing data in groups, 394, 412
between-cluster SSCP matrix, 387
clustering methods , 405
compared with other procedures, 391
computational resources, 410
controlling iterations, 389
decomposition of the SSCP matrix, 387
eigenvalues and eigenvectors, 398, 399, 406, 410-412
initial estimates, 389, 404
memory requirements, 410
missing values, 409
output data sets, 409
output table names , 412
syntax, 402
time requirements, 411
within-cluster SSCP matrix, 387
ACECLUS procedure, BY statement, 407
ACECLUS procedure, FREQ statement, 408
ACECLUS procedure, PROC ACECLUS statement, 402
ABSOLUTE option, 404
CONVERGE= option, 404
DATA= option, 404
INITIAL= option, 404
MAXITER= option, 405
METHOD= option, 405
METRIC= option, 405
MPAIRS= option, 405
N= option, 405
NOPRINT option, 405
OUT= option, 406
OUTSTAT= option, 406
P= option, 406
PERCENT= option, 406
PP option, 406
PREFIX= option, 406
PROPORTION= option, 406
QQ option, 406
SHORT option, 407
SINGULAR= option, 407
T= option, 407
THRESHOLD= option, 407
ACECLUS procedure, VAR statement, 408
ACECLUS procedure, WEIGHT statement, 408
ACFPLOT option
MCMC statement (MI), 2524, 2567
ACOV option
MODEL statement (REG), 3823
active set methods
NLMIXED procedure, 3093
ACTUAL option
MODEL statement (RSREG), 4041
actual power
GLMPOWER procedure, 1946, 1947, 1953
POWER procedure, 3419, 3494, 3496
acturial estimate,
See life-table estimate
adaptive Gaussian quadrature
NLMIXED procedure, 3084
ADD statement, REG procedure, 3819
ADD= option
PROC DISTANCE statement, 1256
PROC STDIZE statement, 4130
ADDCELL= option
MODEL statement (CATMOD), 841
additive models
TRANSREG procedure, 4574
ADDITIVE option
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4574
adjacent-category logits,
See also response functions
specifying in CATMOD procedure, 852
using (CATMOD), 868
adjacent-level contrasts, 448
ADJBOUND= option
MODEL statement (SURVEYLOGISTIC), 4265
ADJRSQ
SURVEYREG procedure, 4380
ADJRSQ option
MODEL statement (REG), 3824
MODEL statement (SURVEYREG), 4380
ADJUST= option
LSMEANS statement (GLM), 1754
LSMEANS statement (MIXED), 2687
adjusted degrees of freedom
MI procedure, 2562
MIANALYZE procedure, 2625
adjusted means
See least-squares means, 1753
adjusted odds ratio, 1503
adjusted p -value
MULTTEST procedure, 2935, 2956
adjusted R 2 selection (REG), 3875
Adjusted R-square
SURVEYREG procedure, 4387
adjusted residuals
GENMOD procedure, 1670
adjusted treatment means
LATTICE procedure, 2075
ADPREFIX= option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4584
after expansion knots
TRANSREG procedure, 4571
AFTER option
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4571
agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis, 957
AGGREGATE= option
MODEL statement (GENMOD), 1637
MODEL statement (LOGISTIC), 2308
MODEL statement (PROBIT), 3742
aggregates of residuals, 1718, 1725
AGK estimate
STDIZE procedure, 4139
AGREE option
EXACT statement (FREQ), 1444
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1447
TABLES statement (FREQ), 1453
TEST statement (FREQ), 1463
agreement, measures of, 1493
AIC option
MODEL statement (REG), 3824
PLOT statement (REG), 3844
AIPREFIX option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4584
AJCHI option
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1447
Akaike's information criterion
example (MIXED), 2780, 2794, 2823
LOGISTIC procedure, 2341
MIXED procedure, 2676, 2740, 2750
SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4279
Akaike's information criterion (finite sample corrected version)
MIXED procedure, 2676, 2750
ALG= option
PRIOR statement (MIXED), 2710
ALGORITHM= option
PROC PLS statement, 3375
aliasing
GENMOD procedure, 1620
ALIASING option
MODEL statement (GLM), 1771, 1897
aliasing structure
GLM procedure, 1771
aliasing structure (GLM), 1897
_ALL_ effect
MANOVA statement (ANOVA), 437
MANOVA statement, H= option (GLM), 1759
ALL option
MODEL statement (LOESS), 2232
MODEL statement (REG), 3824
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 621
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1447
PROC CALIS statement, 584
PROC CANCORR statement, 759
PROC CANDISC statement, 790
PROC CORRESP statement, 1074
PROC DISCRIM statement, 1147
PROC FACTOR statement, 1309
PROC MODECLUS statement, 2865
PROC REG statement, 3816
PROC STEPDISC statement, 4166
TABLES statement (FREQ), 1453
ALLLABEL= option
BOXPLOT procedure, 492
ALLOBS option
PAINT statement (REG), 3837
REWEIGHT statement (REG), 3856
ALOGIT function
RESPONSE statement (CATMOD), 852
alpha factor analysis, 1291, 1311
alpha level
ANOVA procedure, 441
FREQ procedure, 1445, 1453
GLM procedure, 1755, 1765, 1771, 1775
GLMPOWER procedure, 1939
NPAR1WAY procedure, 3160
POWER procedure, 3488
REG procedure, 3816
SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4199
TRANSREG procedure, 4574
TTEST procedure, 4780
ALPHA= option
BASELINE statement (PHREG), 3225
CONTRAST statement (CATMOD), 832
CONTRAST statement (LOGISTIC), 2300
CONTRAST statement (SURVEYLOGISTIC), 4257
CONTRAST statement (TPHREG), 4481
ESTIMATE statement (GENMOD), 1634
ESTIMATE statement (MIXED), 2685
ESTIMATE statement (NLMIXED), 3077
EXACT statement (FREQ), 1445
EXACT statement (LOGISTIC), 2301
EXACT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3160
LSMEANS statement (GENMOD), 1635
LSMEANS statement (GLM), 1755
LSMEANS statement (MIXED), 2688
MEANS statement (ANOVA), 441
MEANS statement (GLM), 1765
MODEL statement (CATMOD), 842
MODEL statement (GAM), 1567
MODEL statement (GENMOD), 1637
MODEL statement (GLM), 1771
MODEL statement (LIFEREG), 2096
MODEL statement (LOESS), 2232
MODEL statement (LOGISTIC), 2308
MODEL statement (PHREG), 3233
MODEL statement (REG), 3824
MODEL statement (ROBUSTREG), 3989
MODELstatement(SURVEYLOGISTIC),4262
MODEL statement (TPSPLINE), 4508
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4570, 4574
MULTREG statement (POWER), 3422
ONECORR statement (POWER), 3427
ONESAMPLEFREQstatement(POWER),3430
ONESAMPLEMEANS statement (POWER), 3434
ONEWAYANOVA statement (POWER), 3439
OUTPUT statement (GLM), 1775
OUTPUT statement (LOGISTIC), 2322
PAIREDFREQ statement (POWER), 3444
PAIREDMEANS statement (POWER), 3449
POWER statement (GLMPOWER), 1939
PREDICT statement (NLMIXED), 3079
PROC FACTOR statement, 1309
PROC GLM statement, 1745
PROC LIFETEST statement, 2160
PROC LOGISTIC statement, 2290
PROC MI statement, 2519
PROC MIANALYZE statement, 2614
PROC MIXED statement, 2674
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3061
PROC REG statement, 3816
PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC statement, 4250
PROC SURVEYMEANS statement, 4323
PROC SURVEYREG statement, 4373
PROC TTEST statement, 4780
RANDOM statement (MIXED), 2713
RANDOM statement (NLMIXED), 3080
SCORE statement (LOGISTIC), 2324
SURVIVAL statement (LIFETEST), 2168, 2191
TABLES statement (FREQ), 1453
TABLES statement (SURVEYFREQ), 4199
TWOSAMPLEFREQ statement (POWER), 3458
TWOSAMPLEMEANS statement (POWER), 3465
TWOSAMPLESURVIVAL statement
(POWER), 3475
ALPHAECV= option
PROC CALIS statement, 588
ALPHAINIT= option
REPEATED statement (GENMOD), 1646
ALPHAP= option
MODEL statement (MIXED), 2692
ALPHAQT= option
PROC LIFETEST statement, 2160
ALPHARMS= option
PROC CALIS statement, 588
ALR algorithm
GENMOD procedure, 1711
ALTERNATE= option
PROC MDS statement, 2476
alternating least squares
MDS procedure, 2476
Alternating Logistic Regressions (ALR)
GENMOD procedure, 1711
alternative hypothesis, 3488
AM option
PROC MODECLUS statement, 2865
analysis of contrasts
SURVEYREG procedure, 4393
analysis of covariance
examples (GLM), 1860
MODEL statements (GLM), 1785
power and sample size (GLMPOWER), 1956
analysis of covariation (NESTED), 2990
analysis of variance,
See also ANOVA procedure
See also TTEST procedure
categorical data, 813
CATMOD procedure, 815
mixed models (GLM), 1882
MODEL statements (GLM), 1785
multivariate (ANOVA), 436
multivariate (CANDISC), 786
multivariate (GLM), 1759, 1823, 1824, 1868
nested design, 2985
one-way layout, example, 424
one-way tests (NPAR1WAY), 3165
one-way, variance-weighted, 445, 1769
power and sample size (GLMPOWER), 1930, 1951, 1956
power and sample size (POWER), 3438, 3442, 3443, 3513, 3536
quadratic response surfaces, 4045
repeated measures (CATMOD), 873
repeated measures (GLM), 1825, 1877, 1886
SURVEYREG procedure, 4387
three-way design (GLM), 1864
unbalanced (GLM), 1735, 1804, 1856
within-subject factors, repeated measurements, 449
analysis statements
POWER procedure, 3420
Analysis style
ODS styles, 333
analyst's model
MI procedure, 2563
analyzing data in groups, 3076
ACECLUS procedure, 394
CANCORR procedure, 763
FACTOR procedure, 1320
FASTCLUS procedure, 1395
MDS procedure, 2485
MODECLUS procedure, 2857, 2874
PRINCOMP procedure, 3607
SCORE procedure, 4073
STDIZE procedure, 4134
TREE procedure, 4754
VARCLUS procedure, 4813
Andersen-Gill model
PHREG procedure, 3216, 3243, 3253
angle classes
VARIOGRAM procedure, 4866, 4868, 4870, 4872, 4873
angle tolerance
VARIOGRAM procedure, 4866, 4868, 4870, 4872, 4873
ANGLE= option
MODEL statement (KRIGE2D), 2042
SIMULATE statement (SIM2D), 4102
ANGLETOLERANCE= option
COMPUTE statement (VARIOGRAM), 4866
anisotropic
models (KRIGE2D), 2053-2056
models (VARIOGRAM), 4871
nugget effect (KRIGE2D), 2056
annotate
global data set (REG), 3816
local data set (REG), 3844
ANNOTATE= option
PLOT statement (BOXPLOT), 492
PLOT statement (REG), 3844
PROC BOXPLOT statement, 487
PROC LIFETEST statement, 2160
PROC REG statement, 3816
annotating
cdf plots, 3718
ipp plots, 3729
lpred plots, 3737
pplot plots, 2102
predicted probability plots, 3750
ANOVA
codings (TRANSREG), 4662
SURVEYREG procedure, 4380, 4387, 4392
table (TRANSREG), 4580, 4615, 4650
ANOVA (row mean scores) statistic, 1502
ANOVA option
MODEL statement (SURVEYREG), 4380
PROC CANDISC statement, 790
PROC DISCRIM statement, 1147
PROC NPAR1WAY statement, 3156
ANOVA procedure
absorption of effects, 434
alpha level, 441
at sign (@) operator, 452
balanced data, 423
bar () operator, 452
Bartlett's test, 443
block diagonal matrices, 423
Brown and Forsythe's test, 443
canonical analysis, 438
characteristic roots and vectors, 437
compared to other procedures, 1734
complete block design, 428
computational methods, 456
confidence intervals, 442
contrasts, 448
dependent variable, 423
disk space, 433
effect specification, 451
factor name , 446, 447
homogeneity of variance tests, 443
hypothesis tests, 450
independent variable, 423
interactive use, 454
interactivity and missing values, 455
introductory example, 424
level values, 447
Levene's test for homogeneity of variance, 443
means, 440
memory requirements, 434, 456
missing values, 433, 455
model specification, 451
multiple comparison procedures, 440
multiple comparisons, 441-445
multivariate analysis of variance, 433, 436
O'Brien's test, 443
ODS graph names, 460
ODS table names, 458
orthonormalizing transformation matrix, 438
output data sets, 434, 455
pooling, automatic, 454
repeated measures, 446
sphericity tests, 449
SSCP matrix for multivariate tests, 437
syntax, 432
transformations, 447, 448
transformations for MANOVA, 437
unbalanced data, caution, 423
Welch's ANOVA, 445
WHERE statement, 454
ANOVA procedure, ABSORB statement, 434
ANOVA procedure, BY statement, 435
ANOVA procedure, CLASS statement, 435
TRUNCATE option, 436
ANOVA procedure, FREQ statement, 436
ANOVA procedure, MANOVA statement, 436
_ALL_ effect, 437
CANONICAL option, 438
E= option, 437
H= option, 437
INTERCEPT effect, 437
M= option, 437
MNAMES= option, 438
MSTAT= option, 438
ORTH option, 438
PREFIX= option, 438
PRINTE option, 438
PRINTH option, 439
SUMMARY option, 439
ANOVA procedure, MEANS statement, 440
ALPHA= option, 441
BON option, 441
CLDIFF option, 442
CLM option, 442
DUNCAN option, 442
DUNNETT option, 442
DUNNETTL option, 442
DUNNETTU option, 442
E= option, 443
GABRIEL option, 443
HOVTEST option, 443
KRATIO= option, 443
LINES option, 444
LSD option, 444, 445
NOSORT option, 444
REGWQ option, 444
SCHEFFE option, 444
SIDAK option, 444
SMM option, 444
SNK option, 444
TUKEY option, 445
WALLER option, 445
WELCH option, 445
ANOVA procedure, MODEL statement, 445
INTERCEPT option, 446
NOUNI option, 446
ANOVA procedure, PROC ANOVA statement, 432
DATA= option, 433
MANOVA option, 433
MULTIPASS option, 433
NAMELEN= option, 433
NOPRINT option, 433
ORDER= option, 433
OUTSTAT= option, 434
ANOVA procedure, REPEATED statement, 446
CANONICAL option, 448
CONTRAST keyword, 448
E= effects, 450
factor specification, 447
H= effects, 450
HELMERT keyword, 448
IDENTITY keyword, 448
MEAN keyword, 448
MSTAT= option, 448
NOM option, 449
NOU option, 449
POLYNOMIAL keyword, 448
PRINTE option, 449
PRINTH option, 449
PRINTM option, 449
PRINTRV option, 449
PROFILE keyword, 448
SUMMARY option, 449
ANOVA procedure, TEST statement, 450
Ansari-Bradley scores
NPAR1WAY procedure, 3168
ante-dependence structure
MIXED procedure, 2721
ANTIALIAS= option
ODS GRAPHICS statement, 349
AOV option
PROC NESTED statement, 2988
apparent error rate, 1163
approximate
covariance, options (CALIS), 621
standard errors (CALIS), 576, 587, 648, 686
approximate Bayesian bootstrap
MI procedure, 2543
approximate covariance estimation
clustering, 387
APPROXIMATIONS option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4584
PROC PRINQUAL statement, 3653
APREFIX= option
PROC PRINQUAL statement, 3652
arbitrary missing pattern
MI procedure, 2539
arcsine-square root transform
LIFETEST procedure, 2205
arcsine-square root transformation
LIFETEST procedure, 2169, 2177
ARRAY statement
NLMIXED procedure, 3074
arrays
NLMIXED procedure, 3074
ARSIN transformation
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4562
TRANSFORM statement (PRINQUAL), 3661
ASINGULAR= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 614
PROC CALIS statement, 588
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3061
ASSESS statement
GENMOD procedure, 1627
PHREG procedure, 3223
association tests
LIFETEST procedure, 2150, 2156, 2200
association, measures of
FREQ procedure, 1474
asterisk (*) operator
TRANSREG procedure, 4558
ASYCORR option
PROC MIXED statement, 2674
ASYCOV option
PROC MIXED statement, 2674, 2796
ASYCOV= option
PROC CALIS statement, 575
asymmetric
data (MDS), 2484
asymmetric binary variable
DISTANCE procedure, 1250
asymmetric lambda, 1474, 1482
asymptotic covariance
CALIS procedure, 575, 645
MIXED procedure, 2674
asymptotic variances
CALIS procedure, 647
asymptotically distribution free estimation
CALIS procedure, 574, 646
AT MEANS option
LSMEANS statement (MIXED), 2688
AT option
LSMEANS statement (GLM), 1755, 1822
LSMEANS statement (MIXED), 2688, 2689
at sign (@) operator
ANOVA procedure, 452
CATMOD procedure, 866
GLM procedure, 1786
MIXED procedure, 2745, 2819
TRANSREG procedure, 4558
AUGMENT option
PROC CALIS statement, 572
autocorrelation
REG procedure, 3915
autocorrelation function plot
MI procedure, 2557
autoregressive structure
example (MIXED), 2788
MIXED procedure, 2721
average linkage
CLUSTER procedure, 966, 976
AVERAGE option
PROC INBREED statement, 1973
TEST statement (PHREG), 3238
average relative increase in variance
MIANALYZE procedure, 2627
average variance of means
LATTICE procedure, 2074
AVERAGED option
MODEL statement (CATMOD), 842
axes labels, modifying
examples, ODS Graphics, 368