SAS/STAT 9.1 Users Guide, Volumes 1-7
M
M= option
MANOVA statement (ANOVA), 437
MANOVA statement (GLM), 1759
MODEL statement (TPSPLINE), 4509
MAC method
PRINQUAL procedure, 3643, 3669
MACRO option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4588
macros
TRANSREG procedure, 4588
Mahalanobis distance, 791, 1158
CANDISC procedure, 804
MAHALANOBIS option
PROC DISCRIM statement, 1148
main effects
design matrix (CATMOD), 877
GENMOD procedure, 1660
LIFEREG procedure, 2108
MIXED procedure, 2744
model parameterization (GLM), 1788
specifying (CATMOD), 864
specifying (GLM), 1784
TRANSREG procedure, 4558, 4594
MAKE statement
MIXED procedure, 2757
Mallows C p selection
REG procedure, 3875
manifest variables
CALIS procedure, 549
Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test
NPAR1WAY procedure, 3166
MANOVA,
See multivariate analysis of variance
CANDISC procedure, 786
MANOVA option
PROC ANOVA statement, 433
PROC DISCRIM statement, 1148
PROC GLM statement, 1745
MANOVA statement
ANOVA procedure, 436
GLM procedure, 1759
Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test, 1469, 1472
Mantel-Haenszel test
log-rank test (PHREG), 3219
MAR
MARGINAL function
RESPONSE statement (CATMOD), 853
marginal probabilities,
See also response functions
specifying in CATMOD procedure, 853
Marginal residuals
MIXED procedure, 2764
marker symbols, modifying
examples, ODS Graphics, 369
MARKERS= option
PLOT statement (GLMPOWER), 1943
PLOT statement (POWER), 3484
martingale residuals
PHREG procedure, 3234, 3258, 3302
matched comparisons,
See paired comparisons
Matern covariance structure
MIXED procedure, 2721
mating
offspring and parent (INBREED), 1981
self (INBREED), 1980
MATINGS statement, INBREED procedure, 1975
matrix
decompositions (CORRESP), 1079, 1100
factor, defined for factor analysis (FACTOR), 1292
inversion (CALIS), 647
multiplication (SCORE), 4065
names , default (CALIS), 608
notation, theory (MIXED), 2731
properties, COSAN model (CALIS), 592
MATRIX option
PROC INBREED statement, 1973
matrix properties
COSAN model (CALIS), 592
MATRIX statement
CALIS procedure, 593
MDS procedure, 2486
MATRIX statement (CALIS)
factor analysis model, 595
MATRIXL option
PROC INBREED statement, 1973
MAX= option
PLOT statement (GLMPOWER), 1943
PLOT statement (POWER), 3484
PREDICT statement (KRIGE2D), 2041
MAXCLUSTERS= option
PROC FASTCLUS statement, 1388
PROC MODECLUS statement, 2867
PROC VARCLUS statement, 4810
MAXEIGEN= option
PROC VARCLUS statement, 4810
MAXFUNC= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 614, 616
PROC CALIS statement, 582
PROC MIXED statement, 2677
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3069
MAXFUNCTION= option
MODEL statement (LOGISTIC), 2313
MAXHEIGHT= option
PROC TREE statement, 4752
maximum average correlation method
PRINQUAL procedure, 3643, 3669
maximum likelihood
algorithms (LOGISTIC), 2336
algorithms (SURVEYLOGISTIC), 4275
estimates (LIFEREG), 2083
estimates (LOGISTIC), 2338
estimates (SURVEYLOGISTIC), 4277
estimation (CATMOD), 817, 843, 895
estimation (GENMOD), 1655
hierarchical clustering (CLUSTER), 967, 971, 980, 981
NLMIXED procedure, 3048
maximum likelihood estimation
mixed model (MIXED), 2738
maximum likelihood factor analysis, 1291, 1311
with FACTOR procedure, 1297, 1298
maximum method,
See complete linkage
MAXIMUM option
RIDGE statement (RSREG), 4044
maximum total variance method
PRINQUAL procedure, 3643
MAXIMUM= option
PROC MI statement, 2519
MAXIT= option
MODEL statement (GENMOD), 1640
MAXITER = option
MODEL statement (GAM), 1567
MAXITER= option
EM statement (MI), 2523
MCMC statement (MI), 2527
MODEL statement (CATMOD), 842
MODEL statement (LIFEREG), 2099
MODEL statement (LOGISTIC), 2313
MODEL statement (PHREG), 3232
MODELstatement(SURVEYLOGISTIC),4263
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4576
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 614, 616
PROC ACECLUS statement, 405
PROC CALIS statement, 582
PROC FACTOR statement, 1311
PROC FASTCLUS statement, 1393
PROC MDS statement, 2481
PROC MIXED statement, 2677
PROC NLIN statement, 3008
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3069
PROC PLS statement, METHOD=PLS option, 3375
PROC PLS statement, MISSING=EM option, 3376
PROC PRINQUAL statement, 3654
PROC ROBUSTREG statement (ROBUSTREG), 3984, 3987, 3988
PROC VARCLUS statement, 4810
PROC VARCOMP statement, 4835
REPEATED statement (GENMOD), 1648
TABLES statement (FREQ), 1458
MAXITSCORE = option
MODEL statement (GAM), 1567
MAXLAGS= option
COMPUTE statement (VARIOGRAM), 4867
MAXPANELS= option
PLOT statement (BOXPLOT), 504
MAXSEARCH= option
PROC VARCLUS statement, 4810
MAXSIZE= option
PROC SURVEYSELECT statement, 4433
MAXSTEP option
MODEL statement (REG), 3827
MAXSTEP= option
MODEL statement (LOGISTIC), 2313
MODEL statement (PHREG), 3230
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3069
PROC STEPDISC statement, 4166
MAXSUBIT= option
PROC NLIN statement, 3008
MAXTIME= option
EXACT statement (FREQ), 1445
EXACT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3160
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 616
PROC LIFETEST statement, 2162
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3070
SURVIVAL statement (LIFETEST), 2191
MC option
EXACT statement (FREQ), 1445
EXACT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3160
MCA option
PROC CORRESP statement, 1076
MCA= option, PROC CORRESP statement, 1101
MCAR
MI procedure, 2537
MCF
PHREG procedure, 3225
MCMC method
MI procedure, 2547
MCMC monotone-data imputation
MI procedure, 2565
MCMC statement
MI procedure, 2523
MCNEM option
EXACT statement (FREQ), 1444
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1448
power and sample size (POWER), 3443, 3447, 3448, 3516, 3517
MCONVERGE= option
PROC MDS statement, 2481
MCORRB option
REPEATED statement (GENMOD), 1648
MCOVB option
REPEATED statement (GENMOD), 1648
McQuitty s similarity analysis
CLUSTER procedure, 967
MDATA= option
MODEL statement (KRIGE2D), 2043
SIMULATE statement (SIM2D), 4102
MDFFITS
MIXED procedure, 2768
MDFFITS for covariance parameters
MIXED procedure, 2769
MDPREF analysis
PRINQUAL procedure, 3678
MDPREF option
PROC PRINQUAL statement, 3654
MDS procedure
alternating least squares, 2476
analyzing data in groups, 2485
asymmetric data, 2484
badness of fit, 2479, 2482, 2483, 2489, 2490
conditional data, 2477
configuration, 2471, 2482, 2483, 2489
convergence criterion, 2478, 2480, 2481
coordinates, 2482, 2483, 2488, 2489
data weights, 2487
dimension coefficients, 2471, 2472, 2477, 2482, 2483, 2488, 2489
dissimilarity data, 2471, 2478, 2484
distance data, 2471, 2478, 2484
Euclidean distances, 2472, 2477, 2488
external unfolding, 2471
individual difference models, 2471
initial values, 2480- 2484, 2491
metric multidimensional scaling, 2471
missing values, 2492
multidimensional scaling, 2471
nonmetric multidimensional scaling, 2471, 2472
normalization of the estimates, 2492
optimal transformations, 2472, 2481
output table names, 2497
plot of configuration, 2504, 2505
plot of dimension coefficients, 2504, 2506
plot of linear fit, 2503
%PLOTIT macro, 2474
plots, 2474
proximity data, 2471, 2478, 2484
residuals, 2483, 2487, 2488, 2491, 2503
similarity data, 2471, 2478, 2484
stress formula, 2479, 2480, 2489
syntax, 2475
three-way multidimensional scaling, 2471
ties, 2485
transformations, 2472, 2481, 2482, 2484, 2487 “ 2489
transformed data, 2491
transformed distances, 2491
unfolding, 2471
weighted Euclidean distance, 2472, 2477, 2488
weighted Euclidean model, 2471, 2477
weighted least squares, 2487
MDS procedure, BY statement, 2485
MDS procedure, ID statement, 2486
MDS procedure, INVAR statement, 2486
MDS procedure, MATRIX statement, 2486
MDS procedure, PROC MDS statement, 2476
ALTERNATE= option, 2476
COEF= option, 2477
CONDITION= option, 2477
CONVERGE= option, 2478
CRITMIN= option, 2482
CUTOFF= option, 2478
DATA= option, 2478
DECIMALS= option, 2478
DIMENSION= option, 2478
EPSILON= option, 2479
FIT= option, 2479
FORMULA= option, 2479
GCONVERGE= option, 2480
INAV= option, 2480
INITIAL= option, 2481
ITER= option, 2481
LEVEL= option, 2481
MAXITER= option, 2481
MCONVERGE= option, 2481
MINCRIT= option, 2482
NEGATIVE option, 2482
NONORM option, 2482
NOPHIST option, 2482
NOPRINT option, 2482
NOULB option, 2482
OCOEF option, 2482
OCONFIG option, 2482
OCRIT option, 2482
OTRANS option, 2482
OUT= option, 2482
OUTFIT= option, 2483
OUTITER option, 2482
OUTRES= option, 2483
OVER= option, 2483
PCOEF option, 2483
PCONFIG option, 2483
PDATA option, 2483
PFINAL option, 2483
PFIT option, 2483
PFITROW option, 2483
PINAVDATA option, 2483
PINEIGVAL option, 2483
PINEIGVEC option, 2483
PININ option, 2484
PINIT option, 2484
PITER option, 2484
PTRANS option, 2484
RANDOM= option, 2484
RIDGE= option, 2484
SHAPE= option, 2484
SIMILAR= option, 2484
SINGULAR= option, 2485
UNTIE option, 2485
MDS procedure, VAR statement, 2486
MDS procedure, WEIGHT statement, 2487
MEAN function
RESPONSE statement (CATMOD), 853
mean function
PHREG procedure, 3224, 3226, 3244, 3245, 3253, 3255
MEAN keyword
REPEATED statement (ANOVA), 448
MEAN option
MCMC statement (MI), 2524, 2529
REPEATED statement (GLM), 1779, 1780, 1832
TEST statement (MULTTEST), 2955, 2968
mean per element
SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4337
mean separation tests,
See multiple comparison procedures
MEAN statement
SIM2D procedure, 4105
mean survival time
time limit (LIFETEST), 2164
MEAN= data sets
FASTCLUS procedure, 1393, 1394
MEAN= option
ONESAMPLEMEANS statement (POWER), 3434
PROC FASTCLUS statement, 1393
MEANDIFF= option
PAIREDMEANS statement (POWER), 3450
TWOSAMPLEMEANS statement (POWER), 3467
MEANRATIO= option
PAIREDMEANS statement (POWER), 3450
TWOSAMPLEMEANS statement (POWER), 3467
means
ANOVA procedure, 440
compared to least-squares means (GLM), 1804
displayed in CLUSTER procedure, 972
GLM procedure, 1763
power and sample size (POWER), 3432, 3448, 3463, 3471, 3526
SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4337
weighted (GLM), 1820
MEANS option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4590
MEANS procedure, 21
MEANS statement
ANOVA procedure, 440
GLM procedure, 1763
means, difference between
independent samples, 4775, 4789
paired observations, 4775
measurement level
measures of agreement, 1493
MEASURES option
EXACT statement (FREQ), 1444
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1448
TABLES statement (FREQ), 1458
TEST statement (FREQ), 1463
MEC option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4590
median
MEDIAN option
EXACT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3160
OUTPUT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3162
PROC NPAR1WAY statement, 3157
median residual time
LIFETEST procedure, 2186
median scores
NPAR1WAY procedure, 3167
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)
SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4302
Mehta and Patel, network algorithm, 1509, 3172
memory requirements
ACECLUS procedure, 410
CLUSTER procedure, 986
FACTOR procedure, 1335
FASTCLUS procedure, 1402
MIXED procedure, 2775
reduction of (ANOVA), 434
reduction of (GLM), 1747
VARCLUS procedure, 4818
memory usage
SIM2D procedure, 4110
Merle-Spath algorithm
FASTCLUS procedure, 1392
METHOD= < ( options )>
PROC ROBUSTREG statement, 3984
METHOD= option
BASELINE statement (PHREG), 3226
MODEL statement (GAM), 1568
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4576
ONESAMPLEFREQ statement (POWER), 3430
OUTPUT statement (PHREG), 3235
PAIREDFREQ statement (POWER), 3445
PROC ACECLUS statement, 405
PROC CALIS statement, 574
PROC DISCRIM statement, 1148
PROC DISTANCE statement, 1257
PROC FACTOR statement, 1311
PROC LIFETEST statement, 2162
PROC MIXED statement, 2677, 2783
PROC MODECLUS statement, 2867
PROC NLIN statement, 3008
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3070
PROC PLS statement, 3375
PROC PRINQUAL statement, 3654
PROC STDIZE statement, 4131
PROC STEPDISC statement, 4166
PROC SURVEYSELECT statement, 4434
PROC VARCOMP statement, 4835
UNIVAR statement, 1999
METHOD= specification
PROC CLUSTER statement, 966
methods of estimation
VARCOMP procedure, 4831, 4842
metric multidimensional scaling
MDS procedure, 2471
METRIC= option
PROC ACECLUS statement, 405
PROC DISCRIM statement, 1149
MGV method
PRINQUAL procedure, 3643
MHCHI option
EXACT statement (FREQ), 1444
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1448
MHOR option
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1448
MHRRC1 option
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1448
MHRRC2 option
OUTPUT statement (FREQ), 1448
MI procedure
adjusted degrees of freedom, 2562
analyst s model, 2563
approximate Bayesian bootstrap, 2543
arbitrary missing pattern, 2539
autocorrelation function plot, 2557
Bayes theorem, 2547
Bayesian inference, 2547
between-imputation variance, 2561
bootstrap, 2527
combining inferences, 2561
converge in EM algorithm, 2522
convergence in EM algorithm, 2527
convergence in MCMC, 2555, 2566
degrees of freedom, 2561
discriminant function method, 2544
fraction of missing information, 2562
imputation methods, 2539
imputation model, 2565
imputer s model, 2563
input data set, 2519, 2526, 2558
introductory example, 2513
logistic regression method, 2546
LR statistics, 2555
MCAR, 2537
MCMC method, 2547
MCMC monotone-data imputation, 2565
monotone missing pattern, 2538
multiple imputation efficiency, 2562
multivariate normality assumption, 2565
number of imputations, 2565
ODS graph names, 2567
ODS table names, 2566
output data sets, 2520, 2528, 2559
output parameter estimates, 2528
parameter simulation, 2564
predictive mean matching method, 2542
producing monotone missingness, 2552
propensity score method, 2543, 2565
random number generators, 2520
relative efficiency, 2562
relative increase in variance, 2562
saving graphics output, 2526
singularity, 2521
Summary of Issues in Multiple Imputation, 2564
suppressing output, 2520
syntax, 2517
time-series plot, 2556
total variance, 2561
transformation, 2533
within-imputation variance, 2561
worst linear function of parameters, 2556
MI procedure, BY statement, 2521
MI procedure, CLASS statement, 2522
MI procedure, EM statement, 2522
CONVERGE option, 2522
INITIAL= option, 2522
ITPRINT option, 2523
MAXITER= option, 2523
OUT= option, 2523
OUTEM= option, 2523
OUTITER= option, 2523
output data sets, 2523
XCONV option, 2522
MI procedure, FREQ statement, 2523
MI procedure, MCMC statement, 2523
BOOTSTRAP option, 2527
CCONF= option, 2525
CCONNECT= option, 2529
CHAIN= option, 2526
CNEEDLES= option, 2525
CONVERGE= option, 2527
CREF= option, 2525
DISPLAYINIT option, 2526
GOUT= option, 2526
IMPUTE= option, 2526
INEST= option, 2526
INITIAL= option, 2527
ITPRINT option, 2527
LCONF= option, 2525
LCONNECT= option, 2529
LREF= option, 2525
MAXITER= option, 2527
NBITER= option, 2528
NITER= option, 2528
NLAG= option, 2525
OUTEST= option, 2528
OUTITER= option, 2528
PRIOR= option, 2528
START= option, 2528
WCONF= option, 2526
WCONNECT= option, 2530
WNEEDLES= option, 2526
WREF= option, 2526
XCONV= option, 2527
MI procedure, MONOTONE statement, 2530
DISCRIM option, 2531
LOGISTIC option, 2532
PROPENSITY option, 2533
REG option, 2532
REGPMM option, 2532
REGPREDMEANMATCH option, 2532
REGRESSION option, 2532
MI procedure, PROC MI statement, 2518
ALPHA= option, 2519
DATA= option, 2519
MAXIMUM= option, 2519
MINIMUM= option, 2519
MINMAXITER= option, 2519
MU0= option, 2519
NIMPUTE= option, 2520
NOPRINT option, 2520
OUT= option, 2520
ROUND= option, 2520
SEED option, 2520
SIMPLE, 2521
SINGULAR option, 2521
THETA0= option, 2519
MI procedure, TRANSFORM statement, 2533
BOXCOX transformation, 2533
C= option, 2534
EXP transformation, 2534
LAMBDA= option, 2534
LOG transformation, 2534
LOGIT transformation, 2534
POWER transformation, 2534
MI procedure, VAR statement, 2534
MIANALYZE procedure
adjusted degrees of freedom, 2625
average relative increase in variance, 2627
between-imputation covariance matrix, 2626
between-imputation variance, 2624
combining inferences, 2624
degrees of freedom, 2625, 2627
fraction of missing information, 2625
input data sets, 2620
introductory example, 2610
multiple imputation efficiency, 2626
multivariate inferences, 2626
ODS table names, 2631
relative efficiency, 2626
relative increase in variance, 2625
syntax, 2613
testing linear hypotheses, 2618, 2628
total covariance matrix, 2627
total variance, 2625
within-imputation covariance matrix, 2626
within-imputation variance, 2624
MIANALYZE procedure, BY statement, 2616
MIANALYZE procedure, CLASS statement, 2617
MIANALYZE procedure, MODELEFFECTS statement, 2617
MIANALYZE procedure, PROC MIANALYZE statement, 2614
ALPHA= option, 2614
BCOV option, 2614
CLASSVAR= option, 2615
COVB= option, 2614
DATA= option, 2615
EDF= option, 2615
EFFECTVAR= option, 2614
MU0= option, 2616
MULT option, 2615
PARMINFO= option, 2615
PARMS= option, 2615
TCOV option, 2616
THETA0= option, 2616
WCOV option, 2616
XPXI= option, 2616
MIANALYZE procedure, STDERR statement, 2617
MIANALYZE procedure, TEST statement, 2618
BCOV option, 2619
MULT option, 2619
TCOV option, 2619
WCOV option, 2619
MIDPFACTOR= option
EXACT statement (LOGISTIC), 2302
MIN= option
PLOT statement (GLMPOWER), 1943
PLOT statement (POWER), 3484
MINC= option
PROC VARCLUS statement, 4810
MINCLUSTERS= option
PROC VARCLUS statement, 4810
MINCRIT= option
PROC MDS statement, 2482
MINEIGEN= option
PROC FACTOR statement, 1312
MINHEIGHT= option
PROC TREE statement, 4752
minimum generalized variance method
PRINQUAL procedure, 3643
MINIMUM option
RIDGE statement (RSREG), 4044
MINIMUM= option
PROC MI statement, 2519
MININERTIA= option
PROC CORRESP statement, 1077
MINITER= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 616
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3070
Minkowski metric
STDIZE procedure, 4138
Minkowski L(p) distance coefficient
DISTANCE procedure, 1272
MINMAXITER= option
PROC MI statement, 2519
MINPOINTS= option
PREDICT statement (KRIGE2D), 2041
MINSIZE= option
PROC SURVEYSELECT statement, 4436
misclassification probabilities
discriminant analysis, 1140
MISS = option
MODEL statement (CATMOD), 844
MISSBREAK option
PLOT statement (BOXPLOT), 504
missing at random
missing level combinations
MIXED procedure, 2748
MISSING option
CLASS statement (GENMOD), 1629
CLASS statement (LOGISTIC), 2296
CLASS statement (TPHREG), 4477
PROC CORRESP statement, 1077
PROC LIFETEST statement, 2163
PROC NPAR1WAY statement, 3157
PROC SURVEYFREQ statement, 4193
PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC statement, 4251
PROC SURVEYMEANS statement, 4323
STRATA statement (LIFETEST), 2167
STRATA statement (PHREG), 3237
TABLES statement (FREQ), 1458
missing stratum values
LIFETEST procedure, 2166, 2167
missing values
ACECLUS procedure, 409
and interactivity (GLM), 1787
CANCORR procedure, 765
character (PRINQUAL), 3662
CLUSTER procedure, 987
DISTANCE procedure, 1261, 1262, 1267, 1276
FASTCLUS procedure, 1380, 1381, 1391, 1393, 1397
LIFEREG procedure, 2108
LIFETEST procedure, 2171
LOGISTIC procedure, 2329
MDS procedure, 2492
MODECLUS procedure, 2883
MULTTEST procedure, 2960
NPAR1WAY procedure, 3162
PHREG procedure, 3228, 3236, 3286
PRINCOMP procedure, 3608
PRINQUAL procedure, 3655, 3667, 3674
PROBIT procedure, 3755
SCORE procedure, 4074
strata variables (PHREG), 3237
SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4205
SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4251, 4268
SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4323, 4333, 4358
SURVEYREG procedure, 4382
SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4445
TRANSREG procedure, 4578, 4599, 4600, 4605
TREE procedure, 4756
VARCOMP procedure, 4837
MISSING= option
MODEL statement (CATMOD), 844
PROC PLS statement, 3376
PROC STDIZE statement, 4131
VAR statement, 1267
MISSPRINT option
TABLES statement (FREQ), 1458
mixed model
unbalanced (GLM), 1882
VARCOMP procedure, 4837
mixed model (MIXED),
See also MIXED procedure
estimation, 2737
formulation, 2732
inference, 2741
inference space, 2681, 2682, 2685, 2781
least-squares means, 2687
likelihood ratio test, 2741, 2743
linear model, 2661
maximum likelihood estimation, 2738
notation, 2663
objective function, 2749
parameterization, 2743
predicted values, 2687
restricted maximum likelihood, 2779
theory, 2731
mixed model equations
example (MIXED), 2796
MIXED Procedure
Leverage, 2767
PRESS Residual, 2766
PRESS Statistic, 2766
MIXED procedure, 2672,
See also mixed model
2D geometric anisotropic structure, 2721
Akaike s information criterion, 2676, 2740, 2750
Akaike s information criterion (finite sample
corrected version) , 2676, 2750
ante-dependence structure, 2721
ARIMA procedure, compared, 2665
ARMA structure, 2721
assumptions, 2661
asymptotic covariance, 2674
at sign (@) operator, 2745, 2819
AUTOREG procedure, compared, 2665
autoregressive structure, 2721, 2788
banded Toeplitz structure, 2721
bar () operator, 2743, 2745, 2819
basic features, 2662
Bayesian analysis, 2708
between-within method, 2693
BLUE, 2740
Bonferroni adjustment, 2688
boundary constraints, 2707, 2708, 2773
Box plots, 2762
BYLEVEL processing of LSMEANS, 2689
CALIS procedure, compared, 2665
Cholesky root, 2704, 2764, 2772
class level, 2678
classification variables, 2681
compound symmetry structure, 2721, 2733, 2789, 2794
computational details, 2772
computational order, 2773
Conditional residuals, 2764
confidence interval, 2686, 2713
confidence limits, 2674, 2685, 2689, 2692, 2713
containment method, 2693
continuous effects, 2714, 2715, 2717, 2721
continuous-by-class effects, 2746
continuous-nesting-class effects, 2745
contrasted SAS procedures, 1735, 1833, 1885, 2664, 2665, 2985
convergence criterion, 2674, 2675, 2749, 2775
convergence problems, 2774
Cook s D, 2768
Cook s D for covariance parameters, 2768
correlation estimates, 2713, 2716, 2720, 2791
correlations of least-squares means, 2689
covariance parameter estimates, 2674, 2676, 2750
covariance parameter estimates, ratio, 2680
covariance parameters, 2661
covariance structures, 2664, 2721, 2723, 2782
covariances of least-squares means, 2689
covariate values for LSMEANS, 2688
covariates, 2743
COVRATIO, 2770
COVRATIO for covariance parameters, 2770
COVTRACE, 2770
COVTRACE for covariance parameters, 2770
CPU requirements, 2776
crossed effects, 2744
degrees of freedom, 2682, 2684 “2687, 2690, 2693, 2705, 2742, 2747, 2751, 2774, 2809
DFFITS, 2768
direct product structure, 2721
Dunnett s adjustment, 2688
EBLUPs, 2715, 2740, 2801, 2817
effect name length, 2678
empirical best linear unbiased prediction, 2703
empirical sandwich estimator , 2676
estimability, 2682 “2684, 2686, 2687, 2691, 2704, 2705, 2742, 2748
estimable functions, 2702
estimation methods, 2677
factor analytic structures, 2721
Fisher information matrix, 2750, 2796
Fisher s scoring method, 2674, 2680, 2774
fitting information, 2750, 2751
fixed effects, 2663
fixed-effects parameters, 2661, 2705, 2732
fixed-effects variance matrix, 2705
function evaluations, 2677
G matrix, 2712
general linear structure, 2721
generalized inverse, 2684, 2740
growth curve analysis, 2733
Hannan-Quinn information criterion, 2676
Hessian matrix, 2674, 2675, 2680, 2707, 2749, 2750, 2774, 2775, 2786, 2796
heterogeneity, 2714, 2717, 2792
heterogeneous AR(1) structure, 2721
heterogeneous compound-symmetry structure, 2721
heterogeneous covariance structures, 2730
heterogeneous Toeplitz structure, 2721
hierarchical model, 2810
Hotelling-Lawley-McKeon statistic, 2717
Hotelling-Lawley-Pillai-Sampson statistic, 2718
Hsu s adjustment, 2688
Huynh-Feldt structure, 2721
infinite likelihood, 2717, 2773, 2775
Influence diagnostics details, 2765
INFLUENCE option, 2696
Influence plots, 2760
information criteria, 2676
initial values, 2706
input data sets, 2676
interaction effects, 2744
intercept, 2743
intraclass correlation coefficient, 2791
introductory example, 2665
Kenward-Roger method, 2695
Kronecker product structure, 2721
LATTICE procedure, compared, 2665
least-square means, 2796
least-squares means, 2690, 2819
Likelihood distance, 2770
likelihood ratio test, 2751
linear structure, 2721
log-linear variance model, 2718
main effects, 2744
MAKE statement in Version 6, 2757
Marginal residuals, 2764
Matern covariance structure, 2721
matrix notation, 2731
MDFFITS, 2768
MDFFITS for covariance parameters, 2769
memory requirements, 2775
missing level combinations, 2748
mixed linear model, 2661
mixed model, 2732
mixed model equations, 2678, 2739, 2796
mixed model theory, 2731
model information, 2678
model selection, 2740
multilevel model, 2810
multiple comparisons of least-squares means, 2687, 2690
multiple tables, 2754
multivariate tests, 2717
nested effects, 2745
nested error structure, 2814
NESTED procedure, compared, 2665
Newton-Raphson algorithm, 2738
non-full-rank parameterization, 2664, 2718, 2747
nonstandard weights for LSMEANS, 2690
nugget effect, 2718
Oblique projector, 2767
observed margins for LSMEANS, 2690
ODS graph names, 2762
ODS Graphics, 2757
ODS table names, 2752
ordering of effects, 2679, 2746
over-parameterization, 2744
parameter constraints, 2707, 2773
parameterization, 2743
Pearson Residual, 2704
pharmaceutical stability, example, 2810
Plots of leave-one-out-estimates, 2760
plotting the likelihood, 2801
polynomial effects, 2743
power-of-the-mean model, 2718
predicted means, 2704
predicted value confidence intervals, 2692
prior density, 2709
profiling residual variance, 2679, 2708, 2718, 2738, 2772
random coefficients, 2788, 2810
random-effects parameter, 2715
random-effects parameters, 2662, 2732
regression effects, 2743
rejection sampling, 2711
repeated measures, 2662, 2716, 2782
Residual diagnostics details, 2763
residual method, 2694
Residual plots, 2758
residual variance tolerance, 2705
restricted maximum likelihood (REML), 2662
sandwich estimator, 2676
Satterthwaite method, 2694
Scaled Residual, 2705
Scaled residuals, 2764
Schwarz s Bayesian information criterion, 2676, 2740, 2750
Sidak s adjustment, 2688
simple effects, 2691
simulation-based adjustment, 2688
singularities, 2775
spatial anisotropic exponential structure, 2721
spatial covariance structures, 2722, 2723, 2730, 2774
standard linear model, 2663
statement positions , 2672
Studentized Residual, 2704
Studentized residuals, 2768
subject effect, 2683, 2715, 2721, 2776, 2782
summary of commands, 2672
syntax, 2672
table names, 2752
test components , 2702
Toeplitz structure, 2721, 2819
TSCSREG procedure, compared, 2665
Tukey s adjustment, 2688
Type 1 estimation, 2677
Type 2 estimation, 2677
Type 3 estimation, 2677
Type I testing, 2696
Type II testing, 2696
unstructured R matrix, 2720
unstructured correlations, 2721
unstructured covariance matrix, 2721
VARCOMP procedure, example, 2795
variance components, 2662, 2721
weighted LSMEANS, 2690
weighting , 2730
zero design columns , 2696
zero variance component estimates, 2774
MIXED procedure, BY statement, 2680
MIXED procedure, CLASS statement, 2681, 2748
TRUNCATE option, 2681
MIXED procedure, CONTRAST statement, 2681
CHISQ option, 2684
DF= option, 2684
E option, 2684
GROUP option, 2684
SINGULAR= option, 2684
SUBJECT option, 2685
MIXED procedure, ESTIMATE statement, 2685
ALPHA= option, 2685
CL option, 2685
DF= option, 2686
DIVISOR= option, 2686
E option, 2686
GROUP option, 2686
LOWERTAILED option, 2686
SINGULAR= option, 2686
SUBJECT option, 2686
UPPERTAILED option, 2686
MIXED procedure, ID statement, 2687
MIXED procedure, LSMEANS statement, 2687, 2796
ADJUST= option, 2687
ALPHA= option, 2688
AT MEANS option, 2688
CL option, 2689
CORR option, 2689
COV option, 2689
DF= option, 2690
DIFF option, 2690
E option, 2690
OBSMARGINS option, 2690
SINGULAR= option, 2691
SLICE= option, 2691
MIXED procedure, MAKE statement, 2757
MIXED procedure, MODEL statement, 2692
ALPHAP= option, 2692
CHISQ option, 2692
CL option, 2692
CORRB option, 2692
COVB option, 2692
COVBI option, 2693
DDF= option, 2693
DDFM= option, 2693
E option, 2695
E1 option, 2695
E2 option, 2695
E3 option, 2696
HTYPE= option, 2696
Influence diagnostics, 2700
INFLUENCE option, 2696
INTERCEPT option, 2702
LCOMPONENTS option, 2702
NOCONTAIN option, 2703
NOTEST option, 2703
ORDER= option, 2747
OUTP= option, 2796
OUTPRED= option, 2703
OUTPREDM= option, 2704
SINGCHOL= option, 2704
SINGRES= option, 2705
SINGULAR= option, 2704
XPVIX option, 2705
XPVIXI option, 2705
ZETA= option, 2705
MIXED procedure, MODEL statement, INFLUENCE option
EFFECT=, 2697
ESTIMATES, 2697
ITER=, 2698
KEEP=, 2699
SELECT=, 2699
SIZE=, 2699
MIXED procedure, PARMS statement, 2706, 2796
EQCONS= option, 2707
HOLD= option, 2707
LOGDETH option, 2707
LOWERB= option, 2707
NOBOUND option, 2707
NOITER option, 2708
NOPROFILE option, 2708
OLS option, 2708
PARMSDATA= option, 2708
PDATA= option, 2708
RATIOS option, 2708
UPPERB= option, 2708
MIXED procedure, PRIOR statement, 2708
ALG= option, 2710
BDATA= option, 2710
DATA= option, 2710
FLAT option, 2710
GRID= option, 2710
GRIDT= option, 2711
IFACTOR= option, 2711
JEFFREYS option, 2710
LOGNOTE= option, 2711
LOGRBOUND= option, 2711
NSAMPLE= option, 2711
NSEARCH= option, 2711
OUT= option, 2711
OUTG= option, 2711
OUTGT= option, 2711
PSEARCH option, 2711
PTRANS option, 2712
SEED= option, 2712
SFACTOR= option, 2712
TDATA= option, 2712
TRANS= option, 2712
UPDATE= option, 2712
MIXED procedure, PROC MIXED statement, 2674
ALPHA= option, 2674
ASYCORR option, 2674
CL= option, 2674
DATA= option, 2676
DFBW option, 2676
IC option, 2676
INFO option, 2677
ITDETAILS option, 2677
LOGNOTE option, 2677
MAXFUNC= option, 2677
MAXITER= option, 2677
NAMELEN= option, 2678
NOBOUND option, 2678
NOCLPRINT option, 2678
NOINFO option, 2678
NOITPRINT option, 2679
ORD option, 2679
RIDGE= option, 2680
SCORING= option, 2680
SIGITER option, 2680
UPDATE option, 2680
MIXED procedure, RANDOM statement, 2664, 2712, 2777
ALPHA= option, 2713
CL option, 2713
G option, 2713
GC option, 2713
GCI option, 2713
GCORR option, 2713
GDATA= option, 2713
GI option, 2714
GROUP= option, 2714
LDATA= option, 2714
NOFULLZ option, 2714
RATIOS option, 2714
SOLUTION option, 2715
TYPE= option, 2715
V option, 2716
VC option, 2716
VCI option, 2716
VCORR option, 2716
VI option, 2716
MIXED procedure, REPEATED statement, 2664, 2716, 2783
GROUP= option, 2717
HLM option, 2717
HLPS option, 2718
LDATA= option, 2718
LOCAL= option, 2718
LOCALW option, 2719
NONLOCALW option, 2720
R option, 2720
RC option, 2720
RCI option, 2720
RCORR option, 2720
RI option, 2720
SSCP option, 2720
SUBJECT= option, 2721
TYPE= option, 2721
MIXED procedure, WEIGHT statement, 2730
ML factor analysis
and computer time, 1297
and confidence intervals, 1294, 1297, 1327
and multivariate normal distribution, 1297
and standard errors, 1297
ML option
MODEL statement (CATMOD), 843
MMEQ option
PROC MIXED statement, 2678, 2796
MMEQSOL option
PROC MIXED statement, 2678, 2796
MNAMES= option
MANOVA statement (ANOVA), 438
MANOVA statement (GLM), 1760
modal clusters
density estimation (CLUSTER), 970
modal region, definition, 2878
MODE= option
PROC CLUSTER statement, 970
PROC MODECLUS statement, 2867
MODECLUS procedure
analyzing data in groups, 2857, 2874
cascaded density estimates, 2873
clustering methods, 2856, 2874
clusters, definition, 2878
clusters, plotting, 2878
compared with other procedures, 2856
cross validated density estimates, 2872
density estimation, 2870
example using GPLOT procedure, 2916, 2923
example using TRACE option, 2927
example using TRANSPOSE procedure, 2912
fixed-radius kernels , 2870
functional summary, 2862
Hertzsprung-Russell Plot, example, 2923
JOIN option, discussion, 2880
modal region, 2878
neighborhood distribution function (NDF), definition, 2878
nonparametric clustering methods, 2855
output data sets, 2883
p -value computation, 2877
plotting samples from univariate distributions, 2889
population clusters, risks of estimating, 2877
saddle test, definition, 2879
scaling variables, 2856
significance tests, 2916
standardizing, 2856
summary of options, 2862
syntax, 2862
variable-radius kernels, 2870
MODECLUS procedure, BY statement, 2869
MODECLUS procedure, FREQ statement, 2870
MODECLUS procedure, ID statement, 2870
MODECLUS procedure, PROC MODECLUS statement, 2862
ALL option, 2865
AM option, 2865
BOUNDARY option, 2865
CASCADE= option, 2865
CK= option, 2865
CLUSTER= option, 2865
CORE option, 2865
CR= option, 2865
CROSS option, 2865
CROSSLIST option, 2865
DATA= option, 2865
DENSITY= option, 2866
DIMENSION= option, 2866
DK= option, 2866
DOCK= option, 2866
DR= option, 2866
EARLY option, 2866
HM option, 2866
JOIN= option, 2866
K= option, 2867
LIST option, 2867
LOCAL option, 2867
MAXCLUSTERS= option, 2867
METHOD= option, 2867
MODE= option, 2867
NEIGHBOR option, 2868
NOPRINT option, 2868
NOSUMMARY option, 2868
OUT= option, 2868
OUTCLUS= option, 2868
OUTLENGTH= option, 2868
OUTSUM= option, 2868
POWER= option, 2868
R= option, 2869
SHORT option, 2869
SIMPLE option, 2869
STANDARD option, 2869
SUM option, 2869
TEST option, 2869
THRESHOLD= option, 2869
TRACE option, 2869
MODECLUS procedure, VAR statement, 2870
model
fit summary (REG), 3896
fitting criteria (LOGISTIC), 2341
fitting criteria (SURVEYLOGISTIC), 4279
hierarchy (LOGISTIC), 2283, 2310
hierarchy (TPHREG), 4473, 4475
information (MIXED), 2678
parameterization (GLM), 1787
specification (ANOVA), 451
specification (GLM), 1784
specification (NLMIXED, 3077
PHREG procedure, 3223, 3265, 3271, 3318
model selection
entry (PHREG), 3230
examples (REG), 3924
LOGISTIC procedure, 2306, 2317, 2340
MIXED procedure, 2740
PHREG procedure, 3216, 3229, 3264
REG procedure, 3800, 3873, 3876, 3877
removal (PHREG), 3230
MODEL statement
ANOVA procedure, 445
CATMOD procedure, 840
GAM procedure, 1566
GENMOD procedure, 1636
GLM procedure, 1770
GLMMOD procedure, 1917
GLMPOWER procedure, 1938
KRIGE2D procedure, 2042
LIFEREG procedure, 2094
LOESS procedure, 2231
LOGISTIC procedure, 2304
MIXED procedure, 2692
NLIN procedure, 3012
NLMIXED procedure, 3077
ORTHOREG procedure, 3203
PHREG procedure, 3227
PLS procedure, 3378
REG procedure, 3821
ROBUSTREG procedure, 3989
RSREG procedure, 4041
SURVEYLOGISTIC procedure, 4258
SURVEYREG procedure, 4379
TPHREG procedure, 4474
TPSPLINE procedure, 4508
TRANSREG procedure, 4557
VARCOMP procedure, 4836
MODEL= option
MULTREG statement (POWER), 3422
ONECORR statement (POWER), 3427
MODELEFFECTS statement
MIANALYZE procedure, 2617
MODELFONT option
PLOT statement (REG), 3846
MODELHT option
PLOT statement (REG), 3847
MODELLAB option
PLOT statement (REG), 3847
MODELSE option
REPEATED statement (GENMOD), 1648
modification indices
CALIS procedure, 576, 649, 673
constraints (CALIS), 584
displaying (CALIS), 687
Lagrange multiplier test (CALIS), 584, 673, 674
MODIFICATION option
PROC CALIS statement, 584
modified Peto-Peto test for homogeneity
LIFETEST procedure, 2150, 2168
modified ridit scores, 1469
Modifiers of INFLUENCE option
MODEL statement (MIXED), 2696
monoecious population analysis
example (INBREED), 1985
monotone
regression function (TRANSREG), 4629
transformations (TRANSREG), 4593
monotone missing pattern
MI procedure, 2538
MONOTONE statement
MI procedure, 2530
MONOTONE transformation
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4563
TRANSFORM statement (PRINQUAL), 3662
MONOTONE= option
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4577
PROC PRINQUAL statement, 3654
monotonic
transformation (PRINQUAL), 3662, 3663
transformation (TRANSREG), 4563, 4564, 4610
transformation, B-spline (PRINQUAL), 3662
transformation, B-spline (TRANSREG), 4563, 4611
Monte Carlo estimation
FREQ procedure, 1443, 1445, 1512
NPAR1WAY procedure, 3174
MOOD option
EXACT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3160
OUTPUT statement (NPAR1WAY), 3162
PROC NPAR1WAY statement, 3157
Mood scores
NPAR1WAY procedure, 3168
MORALS method
TRANSREG procedure, 4576
mortality test
MULTTEST procedure, 2952, 2972
MPAIRS= option
PROC ACECLUS statement, 405
MPC option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4590
MQC option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4590
MRC option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4590
MREDUNDANCY option
OUTPUT statement (TRANSREG), 4590
MSA option
PROC FACTOR statement, 1312
MSE
SURVEYREG procedure, 4388
MSE option
MODEL statement (REG), 3827
PLOT statement (REG), 3847
MSINGULAR= option
NLOPTIONS statement (CALIS), 614
PROC CALIS statement, 590
PROC NLMIXED statement, 3070
MSPLINE transformation
MODEL statement (TRANSREG), 4563
TRANSFORM statement (PRINQUAL), 3662
MSTAT= option
MANOVA statement (ANOVA), 438
MANOVA statement (GLM), 1761
REPEATED statement (ANOVA), 448
REPEATED statement (GLM), 1780
MTEST statement
REG procedure, 3832
MTV method
PRINQUAL procedure, 3643
MU0= option
PROC MI statement, 2519
PROC MIANALYZE statement, 2616
MULT option
PROC MIANALYZE statement, 2615
TEST statement (MIANALYZE), 2619
MULT= option
PROC DISTANCE statement, 1261
PROC STDIZE statement, 4131
multicollinearity
REG procedure, 3895
multidimensional preference analysis
PRINQUAL procedure, 3678, 3688
multidimensional scaling
MDS procedure, 2471
metric (MDS), 2471
three-way (MDS), 2471
multilevel model
example (MIXED), 2810
multilevel response, 3759
multinomial
distribution (GENMOD), 1653
models (GENMOD), 1671
MULTIPASS option
PROC ANOVA statement, 433
PROC GLM statement, 1746
PROC PHREG statement, 3222
multiple classifications
cutpoints (LOGISTIC), 2315
multiple comparison procedures, 1806,
See also multiple comparisons of means
See also multiple comparisons of least-squares means
GLM procedure, 1763
multiple-stage tests, 1814
pairwise (GLM), 1807
recommendations, 1816
with a control (GLM), 1807, 1812
multiple comparisons adjustment (MIXED)
least-squares means, 2687
multiple comparisons of least-squares means,
See also multiple comparison procedures
GLM procedure, 1754, 1757, 1808
interpretation, 1816
multiple comparisons of means,
See also multiple comparison procedures
ANOVA procedure, 440
Duncan s multiple range test, 442, 1766
Dunnett s test, 442, 1766, 1767
examples, 1847
Gabriel s procedure, 443, 1767
interpretation, 1816
Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch test, 444, 1768
Student-Newman-Keuls test, 444, 1769
Tukey s studentized range test, 445, 1769
Waller-Duncan method, 443
multiple correspondence analysis (MCA)
CORRESP procedure, 1076, 1101, 1123
multiple destinations
examples, ODS Graphics, 360
multiple imputation efficiency
MI procedure, 2562
MIANALYZE procedure, 2626
multiple imputations analysis, 2511, 2609
multiple R-square
SURVEYREG procedure, 4387
multiple redundancy coefficients
TRANSREG procedure, 4590
multiple regression
TRANSREG procedure, 4593
multiple tables
MIXED procedure, 2754
multiple-stage tests, 1814,
See multiple comparison procedures
MULTIPLEGROUP option
PROC VARCLUS statement, 4811
multiplicative hazards model,
See Andersen-Gill model
multistage sampling, 165
multivariate analysis of variance, 433, 436
CANDISC procedure, 786
examples (GLM), 1868
GLM procedure, 1745, 1759, 1823
hypothesis tests (GLM), 1824
partial correlations, 1824
multivariate general linear hypothesis, 1824
multivariate inferences
MIANALYZE procedure, 2626
multivariate multiple regression
TRANSREG procedure, 4593
multivariate normality assumption
MI procedure, 2565
multivariate tests
MIXED procedure, 2717
REG procedure, 3910
repeated measures, 1828
multiway tables
SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4227
MULTREG statement
POWER procedure, 3421
MULTTEST procedure, 2939
Bonferroni adjustment, 2939, 2956
bootstrap adjustment, 2938, 2939, 2957
Cochran-Armitage test, 2946, 2948, 2951, 2964
computational resources, 2960
convolution distribution, 2950
displayed output, 2963
double arcsine test, 2951
expected trend, 2951
false discovery rate adjustment, 2959
fast Fourier transform, 2950
Fisher combination adjustment, 2959
Fisher exact test, 2944, 2946, 2954
Freeman-Tukey test, 2946, 2951, 2968
Hochberg adjustment, 2959
Hommel adjustment, 2959
introductory example, 2936
linear trend test, 2949
missing values, 2960
ODS table names, 2963
output data sets, 2961
p -value adjustments, 2935, 2956
permutation adjustment, 2942, 2957, 2975
resampled data sets, 2962
Sidak s adjustment, 2942, 2956
statistical tests, 2948
stepdown methods, 2957
strata weights, 2951
syntax, 2939
MULTTEST procedure, BY statement, 2943
MULTTEST procedure, CLASS statement, 2943
TRUNCATE option, 2944
MULTTEST procedure, CONTRAST statement, 2944
MULTTEST procedure, FREQ statement, 2945
MULTTEST procedure, PROC MULTTEST statement, 2939
BOOTSTRAP option, 2937, 2939, 2957, 2968
CENTER option, 2939
DATA= option, 2940
HOLM option, 2942
HOM option, 2940
HOMMEL option, 2959
NOCENTER option, 2940
NOPRINT option, 2940
NOTABLES option, 2940
NOZEROS option, 2940
NSAMPLE= option, 2940
OUTPERM= option, 2941, 2962, 2964
OUTSAMP= option, 2941, 2962, 2968
PDATA= option, 2941
PERMUTATION option, 2942, 2957, 2964, 2975
PVALS option, 2942
SEED= option, 2942
SIDAK option, 2942, 2956, 2972
STEPBON option, 2942
STEPBOOT option, 2942
STEPPERM option, 2942
MULTTEST procedure, STRATA statement, 2945
MULTTEST procedure, TEST statement, 2946
BINOMIAL option, 2947
CONTINUITY= option, 2947
FISHER option, 2944, 2954, 2975
LOWERTAILED option, 2947
PERMUTATION= option, 2947, 2949, 2950, 2964
TIME= option, 2947
UPPERTAILED option, 2947
Murthy s method
SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4454