SAS/STAT 9.1 Users Guide, Volumes 1-7

D

DATA step, 21

Davidon-Fletcher-Powell update, 3073

decomposition of the SSCP matrix

ACECLUS procedure, 387

Default style

ODS styles, 333, 346

degrees of freedom

CALIS procedure, 573, 576, 590, 676

FACTOR procedure, 1320

MI procedure, 2561

MIANALYZE procedure, 2625, 2627

models with class variables (GLM), 1791

NLMIXED procedure, 3062

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4214

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4340, 4344

SURVEYREG procedure, 4385

TRANSREG procedure, 4615

delete variables (REG), 3820

deleting observations

REG procedure, 3903

dendritic method,

See single linkage

dendrogram , 4743

density estimation

DISCRIM procedure, 1180, 1200

MODECLUS procedure, 2870

density function,

See probability density function

density linkage

CLUSTER procedure, 966, 967, 969, 970, 972, 977, 980, 982

dependent effect, definition, 451

descriptive statistics,

See also UNIVARIATE procedure

LOGISTIC procedure, 2294

PHREG procedure, 3223

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4347

design effect

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4215

SURVEYREG procedure, 4388

design matrix

formulas (CATMOD), 894

generation in CATMOD procedure, 876

GENMOD procedure, 1661

GLMMOD procedure, 1909, 1917, 1918

linear dependence in (GENMOD), 1661

TRANSREG procedure, 4586

design of experiments,

See experimental design

design points, TPSPLINE procedure, 4499, 4517

design summary

SURVEYREG procedure, 4390

design-adjusted chi-square test

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4216

determination index

CALIS procedure, 657

deviance

definition (GENMOD), 1615

GENMOD procedure, 1637

LOGISTIC procedure, 2308, 2316, 2354

PROBIT procedure, 3745, 3760

scaled (GENMOD), 1656

deviance residuals

GENMOD procedure, 1670

LOGISTIC procedure, 2360

PHREG procedure, 3234, 3258, 3302

deviations-from-means coding

TRANSREG procedure, 4568, 4594, 4654, 4668, 4670

DFBETA statistics

PHREG procedure, 3234, 3260

DFBETAS statistic (REG), 3900

DFBETAS statistics

LOGISTIC procedure, 2360

DFFITS

MIXED procedure, 2768

DFFITS statistic

GLM procedure, 1774

REG procedure, 3899

diagnostic statistics

REG procedure, 3896, 3897

diagnostics panels

plots, ODS Graphics, 322, 379

diameter method,

See complete linkage

Dice coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1276

difference between means

confidence intervals, 442

dimension coefficients

MDS procedure, 2471, 2472, 2477, 2482, 2483, 2488, 2489

dimensions

MIXED procedure, 2678

direct effects

design matrix (CATMOD), 879

specifying (CATMOD), 865

direct product structure

MIXED procedure, 2721

discordant observations, 1474

discrete logistic model

likelihood (PHREG), 3241

PHREG procedure, 3216, 3228, 3283

discrete variables,

See classification variables

DISCRIM procedure

background, 1156

Bayes' theorem, 1157

bivariate density estimation, 1200

calibration data set, 1139, 1167

classification criterion, 1139

computational resources, 1173

%CONTOUR macro, 1201

cross validation, 1163

density estimate, 1157, 1160, 1161, 1180, 1200

error rate estimation, 1163, 1165

input data sets, 1168, 1169

introductory example, 1140

kernel density estimates, 1191, 1212

memory requirements, 1174

missing values, 1156

nonparametric methods , 1158

ODS table names , 1178

optimal bandwidth, selection, 1162

output data sets, 1170, 1171

parametric methods, 1157

%PLOT macro, 1182

%PLOTIT macro, 1200

posterior probability, 1158, 1160, 1180, 1200

posterior probability error rate, 1163, 1165

quasi-inverse, 1164

resubstitution, 1163

squared distance, 1157, 1158

test set classification, 1163

time requirements, 1174

training data set, 1139

univariate density estimation, 1180

discriminant analysis, 1139

canonical, 783, 1139

error rate estimation, 1140

misclassification probabilities, 1140

nonparametric methods, 1158

parametric methods, 1157

stepwise selection, 4157

discriminant function method

MI procedure, 2544

discriminant functions, 784

disjoint clustering, 1379-1381

dispersion parameter

estimation (GENMOD), 1614, 1657, 1665, 1666

GENMOD procedure, 1658

LOGISTIC procedure, 2354

PROBIT procedure, 3760

weights (GENMOD), 1650

displayed output

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4458

dissimilarity data

MDS procedure, 2471, 2478, 2484

distance

between clusters (FASTCLUS), 1398

classification (VARIOGRAM), 4874

data (FASTCLUS), 1379

data (MDS), 2471

Euclidean (FASTCLUS), 1380

distance data

MDS procedure, 2478, 2484

DISTANCE data sets

CLUSTER procedure, 969

distance measures available in DISTANCE procedure,

See proximity measures

DISTANCE procedure

absent-absent match, asymmetric binary variable, 1250

absent-absent match, example, 1278

absolute level of measurement, definition, 1250

affine transformation, 1250

asymmetric binary variable, 1250

available levels of measurement, 1263

available options for the option list, 1264

Binary Lance and Williams nonmetric coefficient, 1276

Bray and Curtis coefficient, 1276

Canberra metric coefficient, 1272

Chebychev distance coefficient, 1272

chi-squared coefficient, 1273

Cityblock distance coefficient, 1272

computing distances with weights, 1267

Correlation dissimilarity coefficient, 1271

Correlation similarity coefficient, 1271

Cosine coefficient, 1272

Covariance similarity coefficient, 1271

Czekanowski/Sorensen similarity coefficient, 1276

Dice coefficient, 1276

Dot Product coefficient, 1273

Euclidean distance coefficient, 1271

examples, 1251, 1278, 1283

extension of binary variable, 1251

formatted values, 1277

formulas for proximity measures, 1270

frequencies, 1268

functional summary, 1255

fuzz factor, 1257

GeneralizedEuclideandistancecoefficient, 1272

Gower's dissimilarity coefficient, 1271

Gower's similarity coefficient, 1270

Hamann coefficient, 1274

Hamming distance coefficient, 1274

identity transformation, 1250

initial estimates for A-estimates, 1257

interval level of measurement, 1250

Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient, 1276

Jaccard similarity coefficient, 1276

Kulcynski 1 coefficient, 1276

Lance-Williams nonmetric coefficient, 1272

levels of measurement, 1249

linear transformation, 1250

log-interval level of measurement, 1250

many-to-one transformation, 1249

Minkowski L(p) distance coefficient, 1272

missing values, 1261, 1262, 1267, 1276

monotone increasing transformation, 1249

nominal level of measurement, 1249

nominal variable, 1251

normalization, 1261, 1263

one-to-one transformation, 1249

ordinal level of measurement, 1249

output data sets, 1261, 1277

Overlap dissimilarity coefficient, 1273

Overlap similarity coefficient, 1273

phi-squared coefficient, 1273

Power distance coefficient, 1272

power transformation, 1250

ratio level of measurement, 1250

Roger and Tanimoto coefficient, 1274

Russell and Rao similarity coefficient, 1276

scaling variables, 1251

Shape distance coefficient, 1271

Similarity Ratio coefficient, 1272

Simple Matching coefficient, 1274

Simple Matching dissimilarity coefficient, 1274

Size distance coefficient, 1271

Sokal and Sneath 1 coefficient, 1274

Sokal and Sneath 3 coefficient, 1275

Squared Correlation dissimilarity coefficient, 1272

Squared Correlation similarity coefficient, 1272

Squared Euclidean distance coefficient, 1271

standardization methods, 1265

standardization with frequencies, 1268

standardization with weights, 1269

standardization, default methods, 1251, 1265

standardization, example, 1253

standardization, mandatory, 1251

strictly increasing transformation, 1249

summary of options, 1255

symmetric binary variable, 1250

transforming ordinal variables to interval, 1250

transforming ordinal variables to iterval, 1261

weights, 1267, 1269

distance tolerance

VARIOGRAM procedure, 4867

distributions

Gompertz, 3705

logistic, 3705

normal, 3705

DOCUMENT destination, 361

examples, ODS Graphics, 361

ODS Graphics, 326, 335

DOCUMENT procedure, 361

document paths, 362

examples, ODS Graphics, 361

Documents window, 361

dollar-unit sampling

SURVEYSELECT procedure, 4466

domain analysis

SURVEYFREQ procedure, 4205

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4336, 4348

domain mean

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4343

domain statistics

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4342

domain total

SURVEYMEANS procedure, 4343

DOT product (SCORE), 4065

Dot Product coefficient

DISTANCE procedure, 1273

double arcsine test

MULTTEST procedure, 2951

double dogleg

algorithm (CALIS), 578, 579, 581, 665

method (NLMIXED), 3073

dual scaling

CORRESP procedure, 1069

dummy variables

TRANSREG procedure, 4560, 4569, 4586

dummy variables example

TRANSREG procedure, 4654

Duncan's multiple range test, 442, 1766, 1814

Duncan-Waller test, 445, 1769, 1815

error seriousness ratio, 443, 1768

multiple comparison (ANOVA), 464

Dunnett's adjustment

GLM procedure, 1754

MIXED procedure, 2688

Dunnett's test, 1766, 1767, 1812

one-tailed lower, 442, 1766

one-tailed upper, 442

two-tailed, 442