Upgrading and Repairing PCs (17th Edition)
Index[SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] A-Link architecture, a-Si (hydrogenated amorphour silicon), abacus, ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer), ABIT Computers, Absolute Beginner's Guide to Security, Spam, and Spyware AC adapters, AC power switches, AC ripple, AC'97 integrated audio, Accelerated Graphics Port buses [See AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) buses,.] accelerated hub interface (AHA) hubs, acceleration, access points, access times CD/DVD drives hard disk drives accessibility, voice-dictation software, acclimating to temperatures (hard disk drives), Accupoint pointing device, Acer America, ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) 2nd 3rd active backplane systems, active heatsinks, 2nd 3rd active PFC (power factor correction), active preventative maintenance, cleaning boards brushes chemical-freeze sprays cleaning supply companies compressed air connectors contact cleaners/lubricants contacts disassembly disassembly and cleaning tools erasers keyboards mouse devices silicone lubricants standard chemical cleaners swabs vacuum cleaners hard disk drives file defragmentation Maintenance Wizard virus checking reseating socketed chips system backups tool/supply vendors active-matrix LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors, actuator mechanisms (heads) automatic head parking comparison of servo mechanisms dedicated servo disk sweep embedded servo gray code servowriters thermal recalibration wedge servo stepper motors voice-coil actuators closed loop feedback mechanism linear rotary track following systems Adaptec, 2nd adapters [See also 3D graphics,; controllers.] 2 1/2" ATA drive cables and adapters AC adapters audio adapters (sound cards) 3D audio Aureal AV-710 buying tips CA0102 (Audigy 2) CA0102-ICT (Audigy 2 ZS) CA0186 CAO185 comparison of features connectors data compression DirectX discontinued sound cards drivers DSPs (digital signal processors) DVD support EMU-8000 EMU10K1 EMU10K2 (Audigy) Ensoniq ES137x series frequency response game playing history of installing integrated audio chipsets manufacturers MIDI support monophonic/stereophonic Philips resource conflicts sampling SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) Sound Blaster Sound Blaster Audigy Sound Blaster Pro sound production features sound properties speaker connections stereo system connections total harmonic distortion troubleshooting USB-based audio processors Vibra-16 voice control volume control X-Fi (Extreme Fidelity) Yamaha BIOS data transfer cables and adapters expansion cards host adapters integrated adapters multiple-COM-port adapters NICs (network interface cards) bus types connectors costs diagnostic software full-duplex half-duplex installation memory speed testing Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) PCI (Peripheral Connect Interface) buses PS/2 Y adapter SCSI (small computer system interface) diagnostic software resource conflicts troubleshooting 2nd Type II PC Card adapters USB (universal serial bus) USB/FireWire cable adapter video adapters 2nd [See also 3D graphics,.] 24-bit mode 32-bit mode 3D chipsets 2nd analog signals APIs (application programming interfaces) BIOS 2nd 3rd 4th buses 2nd buying tips chipsets comparison of components configuring defined desktop video boards digital signals dual-GPU scene rendering installation memory multiple monitors obsolete adapters RAMDAC (digital-to-analog converter) removing replacing resource conflicts SVGA (Super VGA) television/computer signal comparison testing troubleshooting 2nd 3rd TV tuners UMA (unified memory architecture) upgrading VGA (Video Graphics Array) video BIOS video capture devices 2nd video drivers video RAM video-output adapters warranties Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM), ADCs (analog-to-digital converters), additional boot devices, address buses, 8086 processors Pentium processors ADDRESS MARK sector data, addressable memory 286 processors 386 processors 386SX processors 486DX processors Pentium processors addresses CMOS RAM 2nd port addresses bus-based device port addresses chipset-based device port addresses motherboard-based device port addresses parallel ports USB ports storing addressing sectors CHS (cylinder head sector) 137GB barrier 2.1GB barrier 4.2GB barrier 528MB barrier 8.4GB barrier ATA CHS parameter limits BIOS CHS parameter limits BIOS commands CHS bit-shift translation combined parameter limits compared to LBA (logical block address) converting to LBA (logical block address) LBA-assist translation Standard CHS LBA (logical block address) BIOS commands compared to CHS (cylinder head sector) converting to CHS (cylinder head sector) LBA-assist translation prefixes for decimal/binary multiples Adesso mechanical-switch keyboards, AdLib sound cards, ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation), ADR (advanced digital recording), ADSL (asymmetric DSL), Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), 2nd 3rd Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), advanced intelligent tape (AIT), 2nd Advanced Lossless Data Compression (ALDC), Advanced menu (BIOS Setup), ATA Configuration submenu Boot Configuration menu submenu Event Logging submenu Fan Control Configuration submenu Floppy Configuration submenu PCI Configuration menu submenu Peripheral Configuration submenu PnP Configuration submenu Resource Configuration submenu USB Configuration submenu Video Configuration submenu Advanced Power Management (APM), 2nd advanced programmable interrupt controller (APIC), 2nd Advanced Run Length Limited (ARLL), Advanced Technology (AT) computers, advanced-technology PC (AT-class) systems bus designs compared to 8-bit systems expansion slots AFC (antiferromagnetically coupled) media, 2nd aftermarket diagnostic software, AGC (automatic gain control) circuitry, AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) buses, 2nd 3rd 4th AGP Aperture Size setting (BIOS), AGP Hardware Detected setting (BIOS), AHA (accelerated hub interface) hubs, AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface), air bearing heads, air filters, AIT (advanced intelligent tape), 2nd Aladdin P4 (M1671) chipsets, Aladdin Pro 4 chipsets, Aladdin Pro 5 chipsets, Aladdin Pro II chipsets, Aladdin TNT2 chipsets, ALDC (Advanced Lossless Data Compression), Alderwood (925X) chipsets, algorithms, ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation), ALi [See ULi chipsets.] alignment of read/write heads, All-in-Wonder series, allocation units, 2nd alpha particles, ALPS Electric Glidepoint pointing device mechanical keyswitches Altair kit, alternative pointing devices Ergonomic Mouse GlidePoint trackballs alternators, Alto computers, aluminum aluminum foil aluminum/magnesium alloy platters in hard disks Am5x86(TM)-P75 processors, Amazon.com, AMD AMDClock chipsets AMD-750 2nd AMD-760 2nd AMD-760MP AMD-760MPX AMD-8000 (8151) reference table contact information CPUInfo P-Ratings processors Am5x86(TM)-P75 Athlon 2nd Athlon 64 Athlon 64 FX Athlon 64 X2 Athlon MP Athlon XP codenames dual-core Opteron Duron 2nd Intel-compatible K5 K6 2nd Opteron 2nd specifications Sempron (Socket 754) Sempron (Socket A) AMDClock, America Online, American Power Conversion, AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.) contact information ROM BIOS BIOS ID string diagnostics documentation POST (power on self test) error codes AMIDiag Suite, amorphous state, amplification, amplitude, AMR (anistropic magneto-resistant) read/write heads, AMR (Audio Modem Riser), analog joysticks, analog meters, analog modems [See dial-up modems.] analog protection system (APS), analog signals, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), Analytical Engine, Andromeda Research Labs, angle boards, animation, anistropic magneto-resistant (AMR) read/write heads, antialiasing, antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) media, 2nd antivirus software, AOpen TubeSound, aperture grille picture tubes, aperture, APIC (advanced programmable interrupt controller), 2nd APIs (application programming interfaces), 2nd APM (Advanced Power Management), 2nd Apollo KT133 chipsets KT133A chipsets KT266 chipsets KT266A chipsets KT333 chipsets KT400/KM400 chipsets KT400A chipsets KT600 chipsets KX133 chipsets P4X266 chipsets P4X400 chipsets P4X400A chipsets P4X533 chipsets apparent power, Apple Apple I computers Apple II computers compatibles contact information HFS (Hierarchical File System) history of 2nd licensing Lisa computers Macintosh Macintosh compatibles QuickTime Pro shift to Intel x86 processors Apple I computers, Apple II computers, Application key, application programming interfaces (APIs), 2nd APS (analog protection system), arbitrated buses, archiving to tape drives, ADR (advanced digital recording) advantages of AIT (advanced intelligent tape) 2nd alternatives to backup software capacity choosing comparison of costs DAT (digital audio tape) 2nd data throughput disadvantages of disaster recovery DLT (digital linear tape) helical scan recording installation LTO (Linear Tape-Open) QIC QIC-Wide SLR drives software compatibility standards summary of standards tape compatibility tape retensioning Travan troubleshooting VXA drives 2nd areal density defined increasing pixie dust technology superparamagnetic effect ARLL (Advanced Run Length Limited), ARPAnet, assembling systems, 2nd BIOS Setup program cables cases cover assembly desktop form factors mini-tower mounting motherboards in tower CD-ROM drives cooling fans bay-mounted fans built-in fans documentation of physical configuration ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection expansion cards external cables floppy disk drives 2nd hard disk drives buying tips capacity installation hardware resources heatsinks active heatsinks passive heatsinks input devices miscellaneous hardware monitors motherboards BIOS (basic input/output system) cables chipsets Desktop Form Factors website integrated adapters jumpers memory 2nd mounting in case ports processors 2nd operating system installation CD-ROM drivers device drivers drive formatting drive partitions optical drives power supply choosing connecting preparation removable drives required components required tools software resources sound cards speakers troubleshooting video adapters 2nd white box components assigning drive letters, Asus Computer, asymmetric DSL (ADSL), asymmetrical networks, asynchronous cache design, asynchronous modems [See dial-up modems.] asynchronous serial interface [See USB (universal serial bus),, ports, Super I/O chips.] AT (Advanced Technology) computers, AT Attachment [See ATA (AT Attachment),.] AT commands, AT desktop systems, AT motherboards Baby-AT full-size AT power supply connectors AT power supply connectors, AT tower systems, AT-bus [See ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) buses,.] AT-class (advanced technology) systems bus designs compared to 8-bit systems expansion slots AT/Desktop power supply, AT/Tower power supply, ATA (AT Attachment), advantages of ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface) backward compatibility BIOS ATA Configuration menu BIOS IDE Drive Configuration menu BIOS limitations bus master ATA buses cables CAM ATA (Common Access Method ATA) CD/DVD drive interfaces CHS (cylinder head sector) addressing 137GB barrier 2.1GB barrier 4.2GB barrier 528MB barrier 8.4GB barrier ATA CHS parameter limits BIOS CHS parameter limits BIOS commands CHS bit-shift translation combined parameter limits compared to LBA (logical block address) converting to LBA (logical block address) LBA-assist translation Standard CHS commands Identify Drive Read Multiple vendor-specific commands 2nd WD1003 commands Write Multiple connectors 40-pin 50-pin keying master position controllers costs DMA (direct memory access) drive capacity limitations dual-drive configurations CS (cable select) daisy chains jumper settings master drives slave drives endecs hard disk capacity limitations hardcards history of HPAs (host protected areas) interposer cards low-level drive formatting operating system limitations Parallel ATA (PATA) performance issues PIO (Programmed I/O) modes precursors to prefixes for decimal/binary multiples RAID (redundant array of independent disks) reliability SATA (Serial ATA) 8B/10B encoding AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface) backward compatibility BIOS setup data connector pinouts differential NRZ (nonreturn to zero) HighPoint RocketHead 100 converter power connector pinouts Serial ATA International Organization Serial ATA Workgroup Serial ATA Working Group standards transfer modes Security Mode signals standards ATA-1 standard ATA-2 standard ATA-3 standard ATA-8 standard 2nd ATA/ATAPI-4 standard ATA/ATAPI-5 standard ATA/ATAPI-6 standard ATA/ATAPI-7 standard table of tailgate device Technical Committee T13 Ultra-ATA ATA Configuration menu (BIOS Setup), ATA RAID Controller setting (BIOS Setup), Atanasoff, John V., 2nd Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC), ATAPI (AT Attachment Packet Interface), ATA-8 standard 2nd ATA/ATAPI-4 standard ATA/ATAPI-5 standard ATA/ATAPI-6 standard ATA/ATAPI-7 standard CD/DVD drive interfaces line-in motherboard connectors ATF (Auto Tracking Following), Athlon 64 processors, Athlon 64 FX Athlon 64 X2 chipsets 2nd AMD 8000 (8151) K8T800/K8T800 Pro/K8M800 K8T890/K8M890 nForce 410 series nForce 430 series nForce Professional series nForce3 150/nForce3 Pro 150 nForce3 250 family nForce4 series RD482 RD580 RS480 SiS755/755FX SiS756 SiS760/760GX SiS761GL/761GX ULi M1687 2nd ULi M1695 2nd Athlon MP processors, Athlon processors, [See also Athlon 64 processors,; Athlon MP processors,; Athlon XP processors.] chipsets 2nd AMD-750 AMD-760 AMD-760MP AMD-760MPX Apollo KT133 Apollo KT133A Apollo KT266 Apollo KT266A Apollo KT333 Apollo KT400/KM400 Apollo KT400A Apollo KT600 Apollo KT880 Apollo KX133 MuTIOL architecture nForce family nForce2 family ProSavage KM133 ProSavage KM266 Radeon SiS chipset reference table SiS730S SiS733 SiS735 SiS740 SiS741/741GX SiS745 SiS746 SiS746FX SiS748 ULiMagik1 maximum installable memory PGA processor information Slot-A cartridge processor information Athlon XP processors 2nd ATI Technologies, Inc. chipsets A-Link architecture multiple-head video chipsets Radeon RD482 RD580 reference table RS480 contact information CrossFire attaching components [See installation.] ATX motherboards, ATX/ATX12V 1.x power supply connectors 20-pin main power connectors 4-pin +12V power connectors 6-pin auxiliary power connectors backward/forward compatibility Dell proprietary ATX design main power connectors maximum power-handling capabilities Molex Mini-Fit Jr. power connectors multiple motherboard power connectors ATX12V 2.x 24-pin power supply connectors color coding compared to Baby-AT and LPX compared to MicroATX motherboards connector panel connectors cooling features extended-ATX FlexATX identifying manufacturing costs memory location MicroATX MiniATX ports power supply power supply connectors processor location riser cards ATX12V power supply, audible continuity tests, Audigy 2 ZS, Audigy 2, Audigy, 2nd Audio Modem Riser (AMR), Audio setting (BIOS Peripheral Configuration menu), audio, 3D audio DirectX support positional audio processing amplitude front panel audio connector connector pinout integrated audio chipsets AC'97 integrated audio AOpen TubeSound Intel High Definition Audio microphones MIDI music CDs, creating copy protection DAE (digital audio extraction) "For Music Use Only" discs pitch POST audio error codes AMI BIOS Award BIOS/Phoenix FirstBIOS IBM BIOS Phoenix BIOS sampling sound cards 3D audio AdLib Aureal AV-710 buying tips CA0102 (Audigy 2) CA0102-ICT (Audigy 2 ZS) CA0186 CAO185 comparison of features connectors data compression defined DirectX discontinued sound cards drivers DSPs (digital signal processors) DVD support EMU-8000 EMU10K1 EMU10K2 (Audigy) Ensoniq ES137x series frequency response game playing history of installing integrated audio chipsets manufacturers MIDI support monophonic/stereophonic Philips resource conflicts 2nd sampling SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) Sound Blaster Sound Blaster Audigy Sound Blaster Pro sound production features sound properties speaker connections stereo system connections total harmonic distortion troubleshooting USB-based audio processors Vibra-16 voice control volume control X-Fi (Extreme Fidelity) Yamaha sound file resolutions speakers AC adapters amplification buying tips 2nd DBB (dynamic bass boost) frequency response headphones interference magnetic shielding sleep feature surround sound total harmonic distortion troubleshooting typical speaker setup volume control watts voice recognition 2nd Aureal sound cards, Auto Tracking Following (ATF), AUTOEXEC.BAT file DOS boot process mouse drivers automatic disk installation programs, automatic display hold, automatic drive detection, automatic gain control (AGC) circuitry, automatic head parking, automatic power on/off, autoranging, autosynchronous monitors, autoterminating controllers, autotracking monitors, aux in connectors, auxiliary power connectors (ATX), AV-710 sound cards, Award BIOS, 2nd AX4B-533 Tube, 2nd AX4GE Tube, AX4PE Tube, |
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