Upgrading and Repairing PCs (17th Edition)

Index

[SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z]

R658/R659 chipsets (SiS),

Radeon chipsets,

radio frequency (RF)

     input devices

     interference 2nd 3rd

RAID (redundant array of independent disks),

RAM (random access memory), [See also ROM BIOS (basic input/output system),.]

     286 processors

     386 processors

     386SX processors

     486DX processors

     8088/8086 processors

     adapter memory configuration

     ATX motherboards

     banks 2nd

     BEDO RAM (burst extended data out RAM)

     buffers

         buffer underruns

         buffered modules

     buying tips

     cache 2nd

         access times

         asynchronous design

         bus snooping

         cache controllers

         CD/DVD drives

         compared to DRAM

         controllers

         defined 2nd

         direct-mapped cache

         four-way set associative cache

         fully associative mapped cache

         hard disk drive cache controllers

         hit ratio

         Level 1 cache 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

         Level 2 cache 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

         Level 3 cache 2nd

         maximum cache

         nonblocking cache

         Pentium-MMX improvements

         pipeline burst mode

         set associative cache

         speed

         synchronous design

         TLB (translation lookaside buffer)

         write-back cache

         write-through cache

     CMOS RAM

         accessing

         additional setup features

         addresses

         Advanced menu

         ATA Configuration menu

         backing up

         Boot Configuration menu

         Boot Device Priority menu

         Boot menu

         compared to BIOS

         diagnostic status codes

         Event Logging menu

         Exit menu

         Extended Configuration menu 2nd

         Fan Control Configuration menu

         Floppy Configuration menu

         main menu

         Maintenance menu

         motherboard CMOS RAM addresses

         overclocking/burn-in test features

         PCI Configuration menu

         Peripheral Configuration menu

         PnP Configuration menu

         Power menu

         Resource Configuration menu

         saving

         Security menu

         summary of menus

         USB Configuration menu

         Video Configuration menu

     compared to ROM (read-only memory)

     compared to storage

     conventional memory barrier

     cost

     DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) 2nd

     DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)

     defined 2nd

     DIMMs (dual inline memory modules) 2nd

         168-pin DIMM pinouts

         184-pin DIMM pinouts

         240-pin DDR2 DIMM pinouts

         buffered

         buying tips

         illustration

         installation

         memory banks

         SPD (serial presence detect)

         unbuffered

         width

     DIP (dual inline package) chips

     DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels

         16-bit ISA

         8-bit ISA

         CD/DVD drives

     DRAM (dynamic RAM)

         compared to SRAM

         DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)

         DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)

         FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)

         RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)

         refresh rates

         SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)

         soft errors

         transistor/capacitor pairs

     dual-channel memory

     EDO RAM (extended data out RAM)

     flash memory 2nd

         CompactFlash

         comparison of

         MMC (MultiMediaCard)

         PC Card

         physical size

         reading

         SD (SecureDigital)

         SmartMedia

         Sony Memory Stick

         Sony Memory Stick Pro

         USB keychain drives

         xD-Picture Card

     FPO DRAM (Fast Page Mode DRAM)

     hard fails

     HMA (high memory area)

     identifying module type size, and speed

     installation

     intelligent memory management

     logical mapping

     logical memory layout 2nd

         conventional memory

         UMA (Upper Memory Area)

         XMS (Extended Memory Specification)

     maximum installable memory

     memory buses

     MMU (memory management unit)

     narrow-channel systems

     parity checking

         chipset support

         disabling

         fake parity modules

         NMIs (nonmaskable interrupts)

         odd parity

         parity bits

         parity-check messages

     RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)

         even cycles

         module types and bandwith

         odd cycles

         patents

         power savings

     registered modules

     RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules) 2nd

         buying tips

         installation

         pinouts

     RTC/NVRAM (real-time clock/nonvolatile memory) 2nd

         modern CMOS batteries

         obsolute/unique CMOS batteries

         troubleshooting

     SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)

     shared memory

     SIMMs (single inline memory modules)

         buying tips

         illustration

         installation 2nd

         memory banks

         pinouts

         presence detect pin configurations

         width

     soft errors

         alpha particles

         cosmic rays

         ECC (error correcting code)

         fault tolerance

         heat buildup

         incorrect memory types

         line noise

         parity checking

         power glitches

         radio frequency interference

         static discharge

         timing glitches

     speed

         clock speeds

         cycle times

         interleaving

         latency

         memory bus bandwidth

         MHz (megahertz)

         module speeds

         nanoseconds

         processor bus bandwidth

     SRAM (static RAM)

     total installed memory

     total usable memory

     troubleshooting 2nd

         diagnostics utilities

         divide errors

         fatal exception errors

         general faults

         global protection faults

         memory defect isolation

         module testers

         parity errors

         step-by-step procedures

         write-back cache

     Ultra-DMA

     UMA (upper memory area)

     unbuffered modules

     upgrading

         dual-channel memory

         higher-capacity modules

         upgrade options and strategies

     VGA (video graphics array) memory

     video RAM 2nd

         DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)

         DDR-II SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)

         dynamic video memory

         GDDR-3 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM)

         minimum requirements

         RAM calculations

         SDRAM (synchronous DRAM)

         SGRAM (synchronous graphics RAM)

         speed

         video bus width

     volatile storage

     wide-channel systems

RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control) drives,

Rambus DRAM (RDRAM),

Rambus inline memory modules [See SIMMs (single inline memory modules),.]

RAMDAC (digital-to-analog converter),

random access memory [See RAM (random access memory),.]

Random Number Generator (RNG),

rapid pixel and texel rendering engine,

raster,

rasterization,

raw transfer rates,

Raytech,

Raytek MiniTemp thermometers,

RD482 chipsets,

RD580 chipsets,

RDRAM (Rambus DRAM),

reactive power,

Read Multiple command (ATA),

read-only memory [See ROM BIOS (basic input/output system),.]

read/write heads, 2nd 3rd

     AMR (anistropic magneto-resistant)

     ferrite

     floppy disk drives 2nd

     GMR (giant magneto-resistive)

     magnetic storage

     MIG (Metal-In-Gap)

     MR (magneto-resistive)

     PMR (perpendicular magnetic recording) 2nd

     TF (thin film)

reading

     CD-ROM discs

         error handing

         hub clamping area

         interleaves

         lead-in

         lead-out

         mechanical drive operation

         PCA (power calibration area)

         PMA (power memory area)

         program area

         sampling rates

         sectors

         subcode bytes

         tracks

     DVD discs

     flash memory

     magneto-optical drives

real mode, 2nd

     486DX processors

     80286 processors

     Windows 9x/Me boot process

real-time clock [See RTC (real-time clock),.]

rear-out sound card connectors,

recalibration, thermal,

receptacle (outlet) testers,

recordable DVD drives

     DVD Multi

     DVD+RW

     DVD-R

     DVD-RAM

     DVD-RW

     DVD±R/RW

     media compatibility

     summary of standards

recording

     CDs

         buffer underruns

         copy protection

         DAE (digital audio extraction)

         "For Music Use Only" discs

         multisession recording

         reliability

         software

         tips and recommendations

     floppy disk drives

     recording media

     sound sampling

     standard recording

     ZBR (zoned-bit recording)

recovery

     flash ROM (read-only memory)

     System Restore

Red Book format,

redrawing CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors,

Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), 2nd 3rd

redundant array of independent disks (RAID),

refresh rates

     CRT (cathode ray tube) monitors

     DRAM (dynamic RAM)

     monitors 2nd

refrigeration,

region-free DVD players,

regional playback control (RPC),

registered memory modules,

reinstalling components,

reliability

     ATA (AT Attachment)

     hard disk drives

         MTBF (mean time between failures)

         PFA (Predictive Failure Analysis)

         SMART standard

remarking processors,

remote power switch connectors [See power switch connectors.]

Remote Start option (hard disk drives),

removable keycaps,

removable-media drives [See also tape drives,.]

     advantages

         additional boot devices

         backups

         data transfer between systems

         extra storage

         floppy-based driver installation

     Bernoulli drives

     buying tips 2nd

     connecting

     flash memory media

     installation

     interfaces

     Iomega REV drives

     magnetic disk media

     magnetic tape media

     magneto-optical drives

     Zip drives

rendering images, 2nd

repair [See troubleshooting.]

Repeat Delay parameter (Windows keyboards),

Repeat Rate parameter (Windows keyboards),

repeaters, wireless,

repetitive stress injuries,

replacing components

     batteries

     BIOS chips

     bootstrap approach

     compared to reinstalling components

     industry-standard replaceable components

     keyboards

     known-good spare technique

     power supply

     video adapters 2nd

Report No FDD For WIN 95 setting (BIOS),

reprogrammable microcode,

rescue CDs, creating,

reseating socketed chips,

resistive power,

resolution

     audio files

     LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors

     Photo CD

     video monitors

Resource Configuration menu (BIOS Setup),

resources (system),

     conflicts

         Device Manager

         multiple-COM-port adapters

         NICs (network interface cards)

         PnP (Plug and Play)

         preventing

         resolving manually

         SCSI adapter boards

         sound cards

         system-configuration templates

         USB (Universal Serial Bus)

         video software

     DMA (Direct Memory Access) channels

     I/O port addresses

         bus-based device port addresses

         chipset-based device port addresses

         motherboard-based device port addresses

     IRQs (interrupt request channels)

         16-bit ISA/EISA/MCA bus interrupts

         8-bit ISA bus interrupts

         conflicts

         edge-triggered interrupt sensing

         interrupt sharing

         IRQ Steering 2nd

         maskable interrupts

         PCI interrupts

restore points,

Resuming from disk, Press TAB to show POST screen (error message),

retensioning tapes,

REV drives,

reverse-engineering software,

RF [See radio frequency (RF).]

RG-58 cables,

RIMMs (Rambus inline memory modules), 2nd

     buying tips

     installation

     pinouts

ring topology,

ripping CDs,

ripple (power supply),

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) chips

riser cards

     ATX motherboards

     LPX motherboards

     NLX motherboard

RJ-45 connectors,

RLL (Run Length Limited), 2nd

RNG (Random Number Generator),

Roberts, Ed,

Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP),

RocketHead 100 converter,

ROM BIOS (basic input/output system), 2nd [See also POST (power on self test),.]

     adapter cards

     AMD-K6 processors

     AMI

     backing up

     boot ROM

     bootstrap loader

     burning

     buying tips

     CMOS RAM setup

         accessing

         additional setup features

         Advanced menu

         ATA Configuration menu

         backing up

         Boot Configuration menu

         Boot Device Priority menu

         Boot menu

         Event Logging menu

         Exit menu

         Extended Configuration menu 2nd

         Fan Control Configuration menu

         Floppy Configuration menu

         main menu

         Maintenance menu

         overclocking/burn-in test features

         PCI Configuration menu

         Peripheral Configuration menu

         PnP Configuration menu

         Power menu

         Resource Configuration menu

         saving

         Security menu

         USB Configuration menu

         Video Configuration menu

     compared to CMOS RAM

     compared to RAM

     dates

     defined 2nd

     drive capacity limitations

     drivers

     EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable ROM)

         flash ROM recovery

         upgrading

     EPROM (erasable programmable ROM)

     error messages

         DISK BOOT FAILURE

         Invalid partition table

         Missing operating system

         No boot device available

         No boot sector on fixed disk

         NO ROM BASIC SYSTEM HALTED

         Non-System disk or disk error

     firmware

     flash ROM 2nd

     hard disk capacity limitations

     host adapter BIOS

     ID strings

         AMI Hi-Flex BIOS

         AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 2

         AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 3

         older AMI BIOS versions

         viewing

     IML (Initial Microcode Load)

     IPL (initial program load) ROM 2nd

     logical memory layout

     manufacturers

         AMI (American Megatrends, Inc.)

         Award Software

         MR (Microid Research)

         OEMs (original equipment manufacturers)

         Phoenix

     Mask ROM

     memory conflicts

     motherboard BIOS 2nd

     non-PC ROM upgrades

     passwords

     PnP (Plug and Play) 2nd

     preboot environment

     PROM (programmable ROM)

     replacing

     ROM chip part numbers

     ROM hardware

     ROM shadowing 2nd

     RTC/NVRAM (real-time clock/nonvolatile memory) chips

     SATA (Serial ATA) setup

     Setup program

         accessing

         additional setup features

         Advanced menu

         ATA Configuration menu

         ATA RAID Controller feature

         Boot Configuration menu

         Boot Device Priority menu

         Boot menu

         Boot Up Floppy Seek feature

         Boot Up System Speed feature

         CPU Clock Multiplier feature

         CPU Frequency feature

         CPU Hyper-threading feature

         CPU Internal Cache/External Cache feature

         CPU Vcore Setting feature

         Event Logging menu

         Exit menu

         Extended Configuration menu 2nd

         Fan Control Configuration menu

         Floppy Configuration menu

         Gate A20 Option feature

         HDD S.M.A.R.T. Capability feature

         IEEE-1394a Port feature

         main menu

         Maintenance menu

         numeric keypads

         Operating Frequency feature

         overclocking/burn-in test features

         PC Health feature

         PCI Configuration menu

         Peripheral Configuration menu

         PnP Configuration menu

         Power menu

         PS/2 Mouse Function Control feature

         Quick Power On Self Test feature

         Report No FDD For WIN 95 feature

         Resource Configuration menu

         ROM Shadowing feature

         running 2nd

         Security menu

         Security Option feature

         Serial ATA Controller feature

         summary of menus

         Swap Floppy Drive feature

         Typematic Delay feature

         Typematic Rate feature

         Typematic Rate Setting feature

         USB Configuration menu

         Video Configuration menu

         Virus Warning feature

     The BIOS Companion

     updates

     upgrading

         advantages of

         chip replacements

         CMOS RAM addresses

         CMOS RAM backups

         CMOS RAM diagnostic status codes

         flash ROM recovery

         flash ROM upgrades

         IML (Initial Microcode Load)

         keyboard-controller chips

         obtaining updates

         prerequisites

         version information

         Y2K issues

     version, determining

     video BIOS 2nd

     Y2K issues

ROM Shadowing setting (BIOS),

root hubs,

rotary voice-coil actuators,

routers,

     Internet sharing

     wireless routers

Roxio Software,

RPC (regional playback control),

RRIP (Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol),

RS-422 serial interface,

RS480 chipsets,

RTC (real-time clock), 2nd

     modern CMOS batteries

     obsolete/unique CMOS batteries

     troubleshooting

rubber dome keyswitches,

Run Length Limited (RLL), 2nd

ruthenium,

Rutledge, Joseph,