Upgrading and Repairing PCs (17th Edition)
Index[SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] S-video connectors, S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology), SafeAudio, SafeDisc, safety [See security.] SAL (Soft Adjacent Layer) structure, sampling, 2nd Samsung, SanDisk CompactFlash, Sandra, SASI (Shugart Associates System Interface), SATA (Serial ATA), 2nd 8B/10B encoding AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface) ATA-8 standard backward compatibility BIOS setup data connector pinouts differential NRZ (nonreturn to zero) HighPoint RocketHead 100 converter power connectors 2nd Serial ATA International Organization Serial ATA Workgroup Serial ATA Working Group standards transfer modes satellite-based Internet access DirecWAY performance StarBand SC242 slots, SC330 slots, scalable link interface (SLI), scan codes, scan conversion, scan-line interfacing (SLI), scanning frequency, ScanSoft, SCAT (Single Chip AT) chipsets, scratchy sound, troubleshooting, screens [See monitors.] screwdrivers, 2nd screws hard disk drives Phillips-head screws slotted-head screws thumb screws Torx screws 2nd scroll wheels (mouse), Scrollpoint Pro, SCSI (small computer system interface) adapters 2nd CD/DVD drivers controllers diagnostic software low-level drive formatting optical drive installation card edge connectors chains controllers external drives internal drives jumper settings ribbon cables SCSISelect, Scythe Ninj, SD (SecureDigital), SD (Super Density) disks, SDRAM (synchronous DRAM), 2nd 3rd SDSL (symmetrical DSL), Seagate Technology Cheetah 36ES Cheetah X15 contact information low-level formatting software website sealing CD/DVD drives, SEC (single edge contact) packaging, Pentium II processors Pentium II/III Xeon processors SEC-DED (single-bit error-correction double-bit error detection), SECAM (Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire), SECC (single edge contact cartridge 2) packaging, OLGA (organic land grid array) packaging Pentium III PLGA (plastic land grid array) packaging second-generation processors, 80287 math coprocessor addressable memory APIC (advanced programmable interrupt controller) BF pins bus widths clock multipliers overclocking packaging protected mode real mode speeds 2nd transistors secondary cache [See Level 2 cache,.] Secondary master hard disk fail (error message), secondary monitors, Secondary slave hard disk fail (error message), SECTOR NUMBER sector data, sectors, 2nd [See also sectors,.] CD-ROMs 2nd CHS (cylinder head sector) 137GB barrier 2.1GB barrier 4.2GB barrier 528MB barrier 8.4GB barrier ATA CHS parameter limits BIOS CHS parameter limits BIOS commands CHS bit-shift translation combined parameter limits compared to LBA (logical block address) converting to LBA (logical block address) LBA-assist translation Standard CHS data bytes defined DVD discs errors fields gaps in headers/trailers LBA (logical block address) BIOS commands compared to CHS (cylinder head sector) converting to CHS (cylinder head sector) LBA-assist translation numbering prefixes for decimal/binary multiples typical track/sector format usable space SecureDigital (SD), security ATA HPAs (host protected areas) Security Mode BIOS broadband Internet access CATV networks CD-ROM copy protection 2nd SafeAudio SafeDisc DSL (digital subscriber line) DVD copy protection APS (analog protection system) CSS (content scramble system) RPC (regional playback control) extranets floppy disks Intel RNG (Random Number Generator) intranets networks power-protection systems backup power built-in power protection line conditioners phone line surge protectors surge protectors war driving Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Security menu (BIOS), Security Option setting (BIOS), seek times average seek times hard disk drives self-cleaning lenses, self-identifying peripherals, Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (SMART), 2nd self-powered hubs, Selker, Ted, semiconductors, 2nd Sempron (Socket 754) processors, Sempron (Socket A) processors, Semtech, Sensaura 3D positional audio technology (3DPA), SEP (single edge processor) packaging, Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire (SECAM), Serial ATA [See SATA (Serial ATA),.] Serial ATA Controller setting (BIOS), serial mouse, serial numbers (Intel), Serial port A setting (BIOS), serial presence detect (SPD), serial-bus architectures advantages of IEEE 1394 1394a standard 1394b standard cables chipsets compared to USB device connections hot-plugging signaling rates topology USB (universal serial bus) [See USB (universal serial bus),.] Series A connectors, Series B connectors, SERs (soft error rates) [See soft memory errors,.] servers, 2nd servo mechanisms dedicated servo disk sweep embedded servo gray code servowriters thermal recalibration wedge servo servowriters, set associative cache, setting up [See configuration.] Settings tab (Display Control Panel), Setup program (BIOS), accessing additional setup features Advanced menu ATA Configuration menu ATA RAID Controller feature Boot Configuration menu Boot Device Priority menu Boot menu Boot Up Floppy Seek feature Boot Up System Speed feature CPU Clock Multiplier feature CPU Frequency feature CPU Hyper-threading feature CPU Internal Cache/External Cache feature CPU Vcore Setting feature Event Logging menu Exit menu Extended Configuration menu 2nd Fan Control Configuration menu Floppy Configuration menu Gate A20 Option feature HDD S.M.A.R.T. Capability feature IEEE-1394a Port feature main menu Maintenance menu numeric keypads Operating Frequency feature overclocking/burn-in test features PC Health feature PCI Configuration menu Peripheral Configuration menu PnP Configuration menu Power menu PS/2 Mouse Function Control feature Quick Power On Self Test feature Report No FDD For WIN 95 feature Resource Configuration menu ROM Shadowing feature running 2nd Security menu Security Option feature Serial ATA Controller feature summary of menus Swap Floppy Drive feature Typematic Delay feature Typematic Rate feature Typematic Rate Setting feature USB Configuration menu Video Configuration menu Virus Warning feature seventh-generation processors [See Pentium 4 processors,.] SFX power supply, SFX12V power supply, SGI OpenGL, SGRAM (synchronous graphics RAM), shading, shadow masks, 2nd shadowing ROM (read-only memory), 2nd sharing [See also networking.] intelligent sharing Internet connections gateways proxy servers routers troubleshooting interrupts memory tips and tricks shielded twisted pair (STP) cables, Shields Up service, Shoch, John, Shockley, William, 2nd Shugart Associates System Interface (SASI), 2nd Shugart, Alan, 2nd shutdown, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signals ATA (AT Attachment) connectors Disk Change jitter keyboard connector signals Power_Good PS_ON 2nd signal boosters signal lights (broadband devices) skew SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) Silicon Image, Silicon Integrated Systems [See SiS (Silicon Integrated Systems).] silicon on insulator (SOI), silicon, silicone lubricants, SIMD Pentium-MMX processors, SIMMs (single inline memory modules), buying tips illustration installation 2nd memory banks pinouts presence detect pin configurations width Single Chip AT (SCAT) chipsets, single edge contact [See SEC (single edge contact) packaging,.] single edge contact cartridge 2 [See single edge contact cartridge 2.] single edge processor (SEP) package, single inline memory modules [See SIMMs (single inline memory modules),.] single-bit error-correction double-bit error detection (SEC-DED), single-board computers, single-gap heads, single-plane power design, single-sided memory modules, singleword DMA (direct memory access), SiS (Silicon Integrated Systems) chipsets 3D chipsets Athlon/Duron chipsets Intel/AMD chipsets MuTIOL architecture P6-class chipsets Pentium 4 (Socket 775) chipsets Pentium 4 chipsets Pentium D chipsets SiS645/645DX SiS648/648FX SiS649/SiS649FX SiS650/651 SiS655/655FX/655TX SiS656 SiS661GX/SiS661FX SiS730S SiS733 SiS735 SiS740 SiS741/741GX SiS745 SiS746 SiS746FX SiS748 SiS755/755FX SiS756 SiS760/760GX SiS761GL/761GX SiS963L SiSR658/R659 contact information SiSoftware Sandra, sixth generation processors [See P6 (686) processors.] size Baby-AT motherboards FlexATX motherboards hard disk drive platters monitors NLX motherboards peer-to-peer networks video monitors WTX motherboards skew (signals), skins (keyboard), slaves, 2nd sleep feature (speakers), SLI (scalable link interface), SLI (scan-line interfacing), sliders (head), slimline cases, Slimline power supply, Slot 1 slots (SC242), Slot 2 slots (SC330), slot load mechanism (CD/DVD drives), slots, 2nd 3rd [See also I/O buses (expansion slots).] Slot 1 (SC242) Slot 2 (SC330) specifications 2nd slotted masks, slotted-head screws, SLR drives, SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology), SmartMedia, SMI (System Management Interrupt), SMM (system management mode), 486SL processors Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX processors snooping (bus), SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), sockets, chips, reseating Socket 1 Socket 2 Socket 3 Socket 370 (PGA-370) 2nd 3rd Socket 4 Socket 423 Socket 462 Socket 478 2nd Socket 5 Socket 6 Socket 603 Socket 7/Super7 2nd Socket 754 Socket 8 Socket 939 Socket 940 Socket A (Socket 462) Socket M2 Socket T (LGA775) 2nd specifications 2nd ZIF (zero insertion force) 2nd Soft Adjacent Layer (SAL) structure, soft error rates (SERs), 2nd soft memory errors, alpha particles cosmic rays heat buildup incorrect memory types line noise parity checking chipset support disabling fake parity modules NMIs (nonmaskable interrupts) odd parity parity bits parity-check messages power glitches radio frequency interference static discharge Soft Power, 2nd software [See also utilities.] 32-bit acceleration copyrights diagnostic software aftermarket software general-purpose diagnostics manufacturer-supplied software network interface adapters operating system diagnostics operating system software peripheral diagnostics software POST (power on self test) SCSI (small computer system interface) adapters DisplayMate firmware HWinfo industry control networking requirements networking software configuration installation troubleshooting resources reverse-engineering Sandra troubleshooting voice recognition WinGate WinProxy SOI (silicon on insulator), Solid State Floppy Disk Forum, SONICblue, Sony, CD-ROM design and development contact information Memory Stick SPDIF in/out sound card connectors Trinitron picture tubes sound [See audio,; sound cards.] Sound Blaster history of Sound Blaster Audigy Sound Blaster Pro Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro 2nd sound cards [See also audio,.] 3D audio DirectX support positional audio processing AdLib Aureal AV-710 buying tips CA0102 (Audigy 2) CA0102-ICT (Audigy 2 ZS) CA0186 CAO185 comparison of features connectors aux in CD SPDIF in/out digital DIN out game port I2S in IEEE-1394 internal CD-audio line-in line-out MIDI mono-in optical SPDIF in/out rear-out SPDIF in/out TAD (Telephone Answering Device) in USB (Universal Serial Bus) port data compression ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) MPEG (Motion Pictures Expert Group) defined DirectX discontinued sound cards drivers DSPs (digital signal processors) DVD support EMU-8000 EMU10K1 EMU10K2 (Audigy) Ensoniq ES137x series frequency response game playing history of installing integrated audio chipsets AC'97 integrated audio AOpen TubeSound manufacturers Aureal Creative Labs Oak Technology Philips Trident Yamaha MIDI support monophonic/stereophonic Philips resource conflicts 2nd sampling SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) Sound Blaster history of Sound Blaster Audigy Sound Blaster Pro Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro 2nd sound production features sound properties speaker connections 2nd stereo system connections total harmonic distortion troubleshooting advanced features Chipset Setup options lockups low volume no sound one-sided sound parity errors resource conflicts scratchy sound startup problems USB-based audio processors Vibra-16 voice recognition 2nd volume control X-Fi (Extreme Fidelity) Yamaha South Bridge chipsets, AMD-766 Apollo KT133 Apollo KT133A Apollo KX133 nForce chipsets Radeon SiS963L ULi chipsets ULiMagic1 VIA chips 2nd 3rd SOYO Tek, Inc., SPD (serial presence detect), SPDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interface) in/out sound card connectors, speakers AC adapters amplification buying tips 2nd connecting 2nd DBB (dynamic bass boost) frequency response headphones interference magnetic shielding sleep feature surround sound total harmonic distortion troubleshooting typical speaker setup volume control watts Specialized Products Company, speculative execution, 2nd speed broadband Internet access broadband modems cache CD/DVD drives access times buffers/cache CD-R CD-ROM CD-RW CPU utilization data transfer rates DMA (Direct Memory Access) CLKMUL (clock multiplier) DVD drives hard disk drives access times average seek times cache controllers cache programs interleave latency transfer rates math coprocessors memory clock speeds cycle times DDR SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate SDRAM) interleaving latency memory bus bandwidth MHz (megahertz) module speeds nanoseconds processor bus bandwidth RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) motherboards AMD P-Ratings Cyrix P-Ratings processor overclocking setting NICs (network interface cards) overclocking bus speeds and multipliers defined history of modern PC clocks overclocking tips quartz crystals processors 386DX 486 486DX 486SX 80286 8088 Am5x86(TM)-P75 AMD P-Ratings comparing systems cycles Cyrix 6x86/6x86MX Cyrix P-Ratings Cyrix/TI 486 detecting DX2/OverDrive DX4 iCOMP 2.0 index ratings iCOMP 3.0 index ratings instruction execution times Intel ratings maximum 2nd MHz motherboard speeds overclocking Pentium Pentium 4 SYSmark 2002 ratings Pentium 4 SYSmark 2004 ratings Pentium II Pentium III Pentium Pro Pentium-MMX wait states USB (universal serial bus) video RAM speed locking, SpeedGuide.net, SPGA (staggered pin grid array), 2nd spills on keyboards, cleaning, spin rates, spin-coating process (CD-R), spin-valve heads, spindle motors, 2nd Spindle Synchronization (SPSYNC) signals, SpinRite, Spitfire [See Duron processors.] splash screens, split-plane power designs, Splitterless DSL (digital subscriber line), splitters, SPPs (system platform processors), SPS (standby power supply), SPSYNC (Spindle Synchronization) signals, sputtered thin-film recording media, sputtering, 2nd SRAM (static RAM) [See also cache,.] access times asynchronous design cache controllers cache hit ratio compared to DRAM Level 1 cache Level 2 cache Level 3 cache maximum cache pipeline burst mode synchronous design SSE (Streaming SIMD Extensions), ST-506/412 MFM controllers, Stabilant 22a, 2nd stackable hubs, stackable switches, staggered pin grid array (SPGA), standard chemical cleaners, Standard CHS (cylinder head sector), standard parallel ports, standard recording, standby power supply, Standby state (APM), Star computers, 2nd star topology, StarBand, start-stop communications, StartBIOS command, startup, states (APM), Static Column memory, static electricity, 2nd static RAM [See SRAM (static RAM).] static-filled sound, troubleshooting, status codes (CMOS RAM), Steering (IRQ), 2nd 3rd stencil buffering, stepper motors, 2nd steppers, steppings Pentium Pentium 4 2nd Pentium II Pentium III Pentium-MMX stereo systems connecting to sound cards tape monitors stereophonic sound cards [See sound cards.] stop bits, STOP errors, StopBIOS command, storage [See discs; drives; flash memory,; floppy disks.] stored-program technique, STP (shielded twisted pair) cables, STPCLK# pin, strain gauge, streams HyperStreaming Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) StreamThru architecture strings, BIOS ID, AMI Hi-Flex BIOS AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 2 AMI Hi-Flex BIOS String 3 older AMI BIOS versions viewing stripe pitch, striping disks, subcode bytes, subdividing hard disks drives [See partitioning hard disk drives,.] subpixels (LCDs), substrate material, Super Density (SD) disks, Super I/O chips, 2nd 3rd Super Socket 7 sockets, Super Video CDs, Super Video Graphics Array [See SVGA (Super VGA) video adapters,.] Super-IPS (in-place switching), Super7 sockets, Superchips, Supermicro Computer, Inc., superparamagnetic effect, 2nd superscalar architecture, 2nd 3rd supertiling, surge protectors, surround sound, Suspend state (APM), SVGA (Super VGA) video adapters, pinouts VESA (Video Electronics Standards Assocation) standards swabs, Swap Floppy Drive setting (BIOS), switches address storing buying tips compared to hubs dual-speed front panel AC switches front panel motherboard-controlled integral AC switches placement of ports stackable switching power supply, 2nd 3rd symmetric multiprocessing, symmetrical DSL (SDSL), SYNC BYTE sector data, synchronous cache design, synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), 2nd 3rd synchronous graphics RAM (SGRAM), synchronous math coprocessors, SYSmark ratings, system assembly, 2nd BIOS Setup program cables cases cover assembly desktop form factors mini-tower mounting motherboards in tower CD-ROM drives cooling fans bay-mounted fans built-in fans documentation of physical configuration ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection expansion cards external cables floppy disk drives 2nd hard disk drives buying tips capacity installation hardware resources heatsinks active heatsinks passive heatsinks input devices miscellaneous hardware monitors motherboards BIOS (basic input/output system) cables chipsets Desktop Form Factors website integrated adapters jumpers memory 2nd mounting in case ports processors 2nd operating system installation CD-ROM drivers device drivers drive formatting drive partitions optical drives power supply choosing connecting preparation removable drives required components required tools software resources sound cards speakers troubleshooting video adapters 2nd white box components system backups, System BIOS Cacheable setting (BIOS), system boards [See motherboards,.] system boot process booting from CD-ROM DOS operating system independent central hardware test cold starts MBR (master boot record) Plug and Play BIOS POST (power on self test) 2nd ROM BIOS sector errors VBR (volume boot record) video ROM scan warm starts troubleshooting Windows 9x/Me IO.SYS file real-mode configuration WIN.COM file Windows NT/2000/XP system disassembly, system lockups, System Management Interrupt (SMI), system management mode [See SMM (system management mode),.] system memory [See RAM (random access memory),.] system platform processors (SPPs), system resource conflicts, Device Manager multiple-COM-port adapters NICs (network interface cards) PnP (Plug and Play) preventing resolving manually SCSI adapter boards sound cards system-configuration templates USB (Universal Serial Bus) video software System Restore, system-configuration templates, |
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