Printing Graphics

We just saw how to print text files. Now let's talk about how to print images and graphics items such as lines, rectangles, and ellipses. You probably have a pretty good idea how printing works. It's all in the magic of the Graphics object available through PrintPageEventArgs. Once we have a printer's Graphics object, we call draw and fill methods to print graphics items. In this section we will create an application that shows how to print simple graphics objects, including lines, curves, rectangles, and images.

Again, we create a Windows application and add a main menu to the form. We add four menu items to the main menu. The final form looks like Figure 11.13. As you might guess, the Draw Items and View Image menu items will draw graphics objects and show an image, respectively. The Print Image and Print Graphics Items menu items will print the image and the graphics items, respectively.

Figure 11.13. A graphics-printing application

The next step is to add a reference to the System.Drawing.Printing namespace.

11.7.1 Printing Graphics Items

Let's write code for the menu items. We'll do the Draw Items first, as in Listing 11.24. This menu item draws two lines, a rectangle, and an ellipse. First we create a Graphics object using the Form.CreateGraphics method and call the DrawLine, DrawRectangle, and FillEllipse methods. See Chapter 3 for more on these methods.

Listing 11.24 Drawing graphics items

private void DrawItems_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // Create a Graphics object Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(this.BackColor); // Draw graphics items g.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, 10, 10, 10, 100); g.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, 10, 10, 100, 10); g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Yellow, 20, 20, 200, 200); g.FillEllipse(Brushes.Gray, 40, 40, 100, 100); // Dispose of object g.Dispose(); }

Figure 11.14 shows the output from Listing 11.24.

Figure 11.14. Drawing simple graphics items

Now let's write code for Print Graphics Items. We want to print the output shown in Figure 11.14. We create a PrintDocument object, add a PrintPage event handler, and call the Print method. The PrintPage event handler draws the graphics items.

Listing 11.25 contains two methods. The PrintGraphicsItems_Click method is a menu click event handler that creates a PrintDocument object, sets its PrintPage event, and calls the Print method. The second method, PrintGraphicsItemsHandler, simply calls the draw and fill methods of PrintPageEventArgs.Graphics.

Listing 11.25 Printing graphics items

private void PrintGraphicsItems_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // Create a PrintDocument object PrintDocument pd = new PrintDocument(); // Add PrintPage event handler pd.PrintPage += new PrintPageEventHandler (this.PrintGraphicsItemsHandler); // Print pd.Print(); } private void PrintGraphicsItemsHandler(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs ppeArgs) { // Create a printer Graphics object Graphics g = ppeArgs.Graphics; // Draw graphics items g.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, 10, 10, 10, 100); g.DrawLine(Pens.Blue, 10, 10, 100, 10); g.DrawRectangle(Pens.Yellow, 20, 20, 200, 200); g.FillEllipse(Brushes.Gray, 40, 40, 100, 100); }

If you run the application and click on Print Graphics Items, the printer will generate output that looks like Figure 11.14.

11.7.2 Printing Images

If you did not skip Chapters 7 and 8, then you already know how the DrawImage method of the Graphics object is used to draw images. Similarly, the DrawImage method of PrintPageEventArgs.Graphics prints an image to the printer, which then prints that image onto paper.

Before we add code for the View Image menu item, we need to add two application scope variables as follows:

private Image curImage = null; private string curFileName = null;

View Image lets us browse for an image and then draws it on the form. As Listing 11.26 shows, we create a Graphics object using Form.CreateGraphics. Then we use OpenFileDialog to browse files on the system. Once a file has been selected, we create the Image object by using Image.FromFile, which takes the file name as its only parameter. Finally, we use DrawImage to draw the image.

Listing 11.26 Viewing an image

private void ViewImage_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // Create a Graphics object Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(this.BackColor); // Call OpenFileDialog, which allows us to browse // images OpenFileDialog openDlg = new OpenFileDialog(); openDlg.Filter = "All Image files|*.bmp;*.gif;*.jpg;*.ico;"+ "*.emf,*.wmf|Bitmap Files(*.bmp;*.gif;*.jpg;"+ "*.ico)|*.bmp;*.gif;*.jpg;*.ico|"+ "Meta Files(*.emf;*.wmf)|*.emf;*.wmf"; string filter = openDlg.Filter; // Set InitialDirectory, Title, and ShowHelp // properties openDlg.InitialDirectory = Environment.CurrentDirectory; openDlg.Title = "Open Image File"; openDlg.ShowHelp = true; // If OpenFileDialog is OK if(openDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { // Get the file name curFileName = openDlg.FileName; // Create an Image object from file name curImage = Image.FromFile(curFileName); } if(curImage != null) { // Draw image using the DrawImage method g.DrawImage(curImage, AutoScrollPosition.X, AutoScrollPosition.Y, curImage.Width, curImage.Height ); } // Dispose of object g.Dispose(); }

Now we run the application and select an image. Figure 11.15 shows the output.

Figure 11.15. Viewing an image

Note

See Chapters 7 and 8 for more on viewing and manipulating images.

Now let's write a Print Image menu item click handler. This option prints an image that we're currently viewing on the form. As in the previous example, we create a PrintDocument object, add a PrintPage event handler, and call the Print method. This time, however, instead of using the DrawRectangle and DrawLine methods, we use the DrawImage method, which draws the image.

As Listing 11.27 shows, our code creates a PrintDocument object, sets the PrintPage event of PrintDocument and the PrintPage event handler, and calls PrintDocument.Print. The PrintPage event handler calls DrawImage.

Listing 11.27 Printing an image

private void PrintImage_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { // Create a PrintDocument object PrintDocument pd = new PrintDocument(); // Add the PrintPage event handler pd.PrintPage += new PrintPageEventHandler (this.PrintImageHandler); // Print pd.Print(); } private void PrintImageHandler(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs ppeArgs) { // Get the Graphics object from // PrintPageEventArgs Graphics g = ppeArgs.Graphics; // If Graphics object exists if(curImage != null) { // Draw image using the DrawImage method g.DrawImage(curImage, 0, 0, curImage.Width, curImage.Height ); } }

If we run the application, open and view a file, and click the Print Image menu item, we get a printout that looks like Figure 11.15.