Transformation with Brushes

The TextureBrush, LinearGradientBrush, and PathGradientBrush classes also provide transformation methods. Brush transformation is not used very often, but it may be useful in some cases, as the following example will show.

A transformation on a TextureBrush object is a transformation of the image used as the texture. TextureBrush provides the methods MultiplyTransform, ResetTransform, RotateTransform, ScaleTransform, and TranslateTransform (see Table 4.15).

The TextureBrush class also provides a Transform property, which can be used to apply a transformation on a texture brush.

Listing 4.23 uses the Translate, MultiplyTransform, ScaleTransform, and RotateTransform methods of the Pen class to apply rotation on pens, and draws a line and rectangles.

Listing 4.23 Transformation in texture brushes

private void TextureBrush_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(this.BackColor); // Create a TextureBrush object TextureBrush txtrBrush = new TextureBrush( new Bitmap("smallRoses.gif")); // Create a transformation matrix Matrix M = new Matrix(); // Rotate the texture image by 90 degrees txtrBrush.RotateTransform(90, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Translate M.Translate(50, 0); // Multiply the transformation matrix // of txtrBrush by translateMatrix txtrBrush.MultiplyTransform(M); // Scale operation txtrBrush.ScaleTransform(2, 1, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Fill a rectangle with texture brush g.FillRectangle(txtrBrush, 240, 0, 200, 200); // Reset transformation txtrBrush.ResetTransform(); // Fill rectangle after resetting transformation g.FillRectangle(txtrBrush, 0, 0, 200, 200); // Dispose of objects txtrBrush.Dispose(); g.Dispose(); }

Figure 4.28 shows the output from Listing 4.23, with the original image on the left and the transformed image on the right.

Figure 4.28. Transformation in TextureBrush

A transformation on a linear gradient brush is a transformation of the colors of the brush. The LinearGradientBrush class provides all common transformation methods and Transform properties. Listing 4.24 shows how to use transformation in linear gradient brushes.

Listing 4.24 Transformation in linear gradient brushes

private void LinearGradientBrush_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(this.BackColor); // Create a LinearGradientBrush object Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(20, 20, 200, 100); LinearGradientBrush lgBrush = new LinearGradientBrush( rect, Color.Red, Color.Green, 0.0f, true); Point[] ptsArray = {new Point(20, 50), new Point(200,50), new Point(20, 100)}; Matrix M = new Matrix(rect, ptsArray); // Multiply transformation lgBrush.MultiplyTransform(M, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Rotate transformation lgBrush.RotateTransform(45.0f, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Scale transformation lgBrush.ScaleTransform(2, 1, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Draw a rectangle after transformation g.FillRectangle(lgBrush, 0, 0, 200, 100); // Reset transformation lgBrush.ResetTransform(); // Draw a rectangle after reset transformation g.FillRectangle(lgBrush, 220, 0, 200, 100); // Dispose of objects lgBrush.Dispose(); g.Dispose(); }

Figure 4.29 shows the output from Listing 4.24. The second rectangle results from various transformation operations, and the first rectangle is a result of a call to ResetTransform.

Figure 4.29. Transformation in linear gradient brushes

PathGradientBrush provides similar mechanisms to transform path gradient brushes. As Listing 4.25 shows, we create a PathGradientBrush object and set its CenterColor and SurroundColors properties. Then we create a Matrix object and call its methods to apply various transformation operations, such as translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing, and we apply the Matrix object to the PathGradientBrush object by calling its MultiplyTransform method.

Listing 4.25 Transformation in path gradient brushes

private void PathGradientBrush_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); g.Clear(this.BackColor); // Create a GraphicsPath object GraphicsPath path = new GraphicsPath(); // Create a rectangle and add it to path Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(20, 20, 200, 200); path.AddRectangle(rect); // Create a path gradient brush PathGradientBrush pgBrush = new PathGradientBrush(path.PathPoints); // Set its center and surrounding colors pgBrush.CenterColor = Color.Green; pgBrush.SurroundColors = new Color[] {Color.Blue}; // Create matrix Matrix M = new Matrix(); // Translate M.Translate(20.0f, 10.0f, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Rotate M.Rotate(10.0f, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Scale M.Scale(2, 1, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Shear M.Shear(.05f, 0.03f, MatrixOrder.Prepend); // Apply matrix to the brush pgBrush.MultiplyTransform(M); // Use brush after transformation // to fill a rectangle g.FillRectangle(pgBrush, 20, 100, 400, 400); // Dispose of objects pgBrush.Dispose(); g.Dispose(); }

Figure 4.30 shows the output from Listing 4.25. The original rectangle started at point (10, 10) with height and width 200 each, but after various transformation methods have been applied, the output rectangle is totally different.

Figure 4.30. Transformation in path gradient brushes