Working with Bitmaps

A bitmap stores data for an image and its attributes in pixel format. The Bitmap class, which is inherited from the Image class, encapsulates a graphics bitmap in GDI+. Because the Bitmap class is inherited from the Image class, it offers all the methods and properties that we discussed in the previous section. The Bitmap class defines additional functionality. In this section we will learn about the members of the Bitmap class and how to use them.

7.5.1 Creating a Bitmap Object

The Bitmap class provides about a dozen overloaded forms of the constructors. You can create a Bitmap object from a bitmap file, or from Image, Stream, string, or Type objects. When you create a Bitmap object, you can also specify the size of the bitmap, the resolution of the Graphics object, and the pixel format of the bitmap.

The code snippet in Listing 7.17 creates Bitmap objects from an Image and file name with or without the size of the Bitmap included.

Listing 7.17 Creating Bitmap objects from different sources

// Creating an Image object Image curImage = Image.FromFile("myfile.gif"); // Creating a Bitmap object from a file name Bitmap curBitmap1 = new Bitmap("myfile.gif"); // Creating a Bitmap object from an Image object Bitmap curBitmap2 = new Bitmap(curImage); // Creating a Bitmap object with size and image Bitmap curBitmap3 = new Bitmap(curImage, new Size(200, 100) ); // Creating a Bitmap object with no images Bitmap curBitmap4 = new Bitmap(200, 100);

Besides the constructor, the Bitmap class provides two static methodsFromHicon and FromResourcewhich can be used to create a Bitmap object from a window handle to an icon and from a Windows resource (.res file), respectively.

7.5.2 Viewing a Bitmap

Viewing a bitmap using the Bitmap class is similar to viewing an image. After constructing a Bitmap object, you just pass it as a parameter to DrawImage. The following code snippet creates a Bitmap object from a file and views the bitmap by calling the DrawImage method of a Graphics object associated with a form. You can write this code on a menu or a button click event handler.

Graphics g = this.CreateGraphics(); Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap("myfile.jpg"); g.DrawImage(bitmap, 20, 20); g.Dispose();

7.5.3 The Bitmap Class Methods and Properties

The Bitmap class doesn't define any properties beyond those defined in the Image class. However, Bitmap does provide additional methods. Among them are FromHicon, FromResource, GetHbitmap, GetHicon, GetPixel, LockBits, MakeTransparent, SetPixel, SetResolution, and UnlockBits.

The FromHicon and FromResource methods create a Bitmap object from a window handle to an icon and from a Windows resource, respectively. The GetHbitmap and GetHicon methods create a Windows HBITMAP structure and a window handle to an icon.

The GetPixel and SetPixel methods get and set the color of the specified pixel of an image. These methods are useful when an application needs to blur images, change the color of specific pixels, change the contrast of pixels, and so on. You can blur an image by reducing the color depth of pixels. We will use GetPixel and SetPixel in examples in this chapter and the next.

The following line of code returns the color of a pixel at positions x = 10 and y = 10:

Color curColor = curBitmap.GetPixel(10, 10);

The following code snippet uses SetPixel to change all pixels between point (50, 50) and point (60, 60) to red:

for (int i = 50; i < 60; i++) { for (int j = 50; j < 60; j++) { curBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.Red); } }

SetResolution sets the resolution of a bitmap. This method takes two parameters of type float, which represent the horizontal resolution and vertical resolution in dots per inch.

MakeTransparent makes the default color transparent to a bitmap. This method takes either no arguments or a single argument of type Color:

Color curColor = curBitmap.GetPixel(10, 10); curBitmap.MakeTransparent();

or

curBitmap.MakeTransparent(curColor);

To test the methods and properties of Bitmap, we create a Windows application and add Open File and Exit menu items as in the previous examples. Then we add controls for a group box, text boxes, a button, a check box, and some labels. The final form looks like Figure 7.33. We can set the resolution and transparency of the bitmap from here.

Figure 7.33. A bitmap example

We add the following application-level variables to the application:

// Variables private Bitmap curBitmap; private float imgHeight; private float imgWidth; private string curFileName;

As usual, we browse images on the Open File menu item click event handler and close the form on the Exit menu item click event handler. We also create a Bitmap object from the selected file and store the height and width of the image, as Listing 7.18 shows.

Listing 7.18 The Open File and Exit menu item event handlers

private void OpenBmpMenu_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { OpenFileDialog openDlg = new OpenFileDialog(); openDlg.Filter = "All Bitmap files|*.bmp;*.gif;*.jpg;"; string filter = openDlg.Filter; openDlg.Title = "Open Bitmap File"; openDlg.ShowHelp = true; if(openDlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { curFileName = openDlg.FileName; curBitmap = new Bitmap(curFileName); imgHeight = curBitmap.Height; imgWidth = curBitmap.Width; } Invalidate(); } private void ExitMenu_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { this.Close(); }

Now we write code on the paint event handler to view the bitmap (see Listing 7.19).

Listing 7.19 The paint event handler

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { Graphics g = e.Graphics; if(curBitmap != null) { g.DrawImage(curBitmap, AutoScrollPosition.X, AutoScrollPosition.Y, imgWidth, imgHeight); } }

The code for the Apply Settings button click event handler is given in Listing 7.20. It reads values for horizontal and vertical resolution from two text boxes and sets values for a bitmap using the SetResolution method. It also uses the MakeTransparent and SetPixel methods.

Listing 7.20 The Apply Settings button click event handler

private void ApplyBtn_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if(curBitmap == null) return; float hDpi = 90; float vDpi = 90; // Create dpi settings if(textBox1.Text.ToString() != "") hDpi = Convert.ToInt32(textBox1.Text); if(textBox1.Text.ToString() != "") vDpi = Convert.ToInt32(textBox2.Text); curBitmap.SetResolution(hDpi, vDpi); // If Transparent check box is checked if(checkBox1.Checked) { Color curColor = curBitmap.GetPixel(10, 10); curBitmap.MakeTransparent(); } // Set pixel colors to red for (int i = 50; i < 60; i++) { for (int j = 50; j < 60; j++) { curBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.Red); } } // Redraw Invalidate(); }

If we run the application and click the Apply Settings button (see Figure 7.34), a small red rectangle appears, showing that the color of that part of the image has been changed to red.

Figure 7.34. Changing the pixel colors of a bitmap

The LockBits and UnlockBits methods are used to lock and unlock a bitmap into system memory. LockBits takes three parametersof type Rectangle, ImageLockMode enumeration, and PixelFormat enumerationand returns an object of type BitmapData. The rectangle is the portion of the bitmap that will be locked in system memory.

ImageLockMode provides the access level on the data. Its members include ReadOnly, ReadWrite, UserInputBuffer, and WriteOnly. The PixelFormat enumeration defines the format of color data for each pixel.

Note

We will discuss these methods and enumerations in more detail in Chapter 8.