Reading and Writing ZIP Files

Problem

You want to create or examine a ZIP archive from within Ruby code.

Solution

Use the rubyzip gem. Its Zip module gives you several ways of putting files into ZIP archives, and taking them out again. The simplest interface is the Zip::ZipFileSystem, which duplicates most of the File and Dir operations within the context of a ZIP file. You can use this to create ZIP files:

require ubygems require zip/zipfilesystem Zip::ZipFile.open(zipfile.zip, Zip::ZipFile::CREATE) do |zip| zip.file.open(file1, w) { |f1| f1 << This is file 1. } zip.dir.mkdir(subdirectory) zip.file.open(subdirectory/file2, w) { |f1| f1 << This is file 2. } end

You can use the same interface to read a ZIP file. Heres a method that uses the equivalent of Dir#foreach to recursively print out the contents of a ZIP file:

def process_zipfile(zip, path=\) if zip.file.file? path puts %{#{path}: "#{zip.read(path)}"} else unless path.empty? path += / puts path end zip.dir.foreach(path) do |filename| process_zipfile(zip, path + filename) end end end

And here it is running against the ZIP file I just created:

Zip::ZipFile.open(zipfile.zip) do |zip| process_zipfile(zip) end # subdirectory/ # subdirectory/file2: "This is file 2." # file1: "This is file 1."

Discussion

ZIP, or PKZip, is the most popular compression format on Windows. As seen in the previous recipe, Unix separates the tasks of stuffing several files into a single archive (tar), and compressing the resulting file (gzip). On Windows, ZIP files perform both tasks. If you want to compress a single file, you need to put it into a ZIP file all by itself.

The rubyzip library provides several interfaces for creating and reading ZIP files. Zip::ZipFileSystem is the easiest for most programmers: in the example above, zip.file has about the same interface as the File class, and zip.dir is similar to the Dir class. The analogy holds because a ZIP file actually contains a tiny filesystem inside it.[5]

[5] This is how Windows XPs Explorer can let you browse a ZIP file as though it were a directory tree.

If you e porting Java code, or you e already familiar with Javas java.util.zip library, you might prefer the Zip::ZipFile class. It more or less duplicates Javas ZipFile class in a Ruby idiom. Here it is being used to create the same ZIP file I created in the Solution:

Zip::ZipFile.open(zipfile2.zip, Zip::ZipFile::CREATE) do |zip| zip.get_output_stream(file1) { |f| f << This is file 1. } zip.mkdir(subdirectory) zip.get_output_stream(subdirectory/file2) { |f| f << This is file 2. } end

See Also

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